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1. Experiments were conducted to determine the sensitivity of the culture isolated from the patient to antibiotics. When the susceptibility to polypeptide antibiotics - polymyxin and ristomycin was repeatedly determined, the method of the disk on nutrient agar showed the resistance of microorganisms to CTF data. However, the serial dilution method revealed sensitivity in these microorganisms to the same antibiotics, even to low concentrations. What can be assumed in this case?

2. In determining the sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from the patient M, their growth was suppressed by the concentrations of the antibiotic penicillin detected in the patient's blood serum using the usual doses used for treatment. However, the inhibition of streptomycin growth in this culture occurred with the administration of maximum doses of the drug. Patient K from the isolated microorganisms was not inhibited by gentamicin in concentrations created in the body using the maximum permissible doses of antibiotics. Determine the degree of resistance or sensitivity, isolated microorganisms from patients M and K to antibiotics.

3. To control the efficiency of the autoclave, benzoic acid was placed in it along with the sterilization object. After sterilization, taking into account all conditions of autoclaving (temperature, time, pressure), benzoic acid was melted. Determine the autoclaving temperature and sterilization efficiency.

4. To control the sterilization efficiency of the nutrient medium, benzonaphthol with a melting point of 110 ° C was placed in the autoclave. After the sterilization, benzonaphthol did not melt. Justify the quality of sterilization of the nutrient medium and the correctness of autoclaving.

Tests:

1 System of measures to prevent the introduction of microorganisms from the environment into the human body, nutrient media, dressings and instruments

A) disinfection

B) disinsection

C) antiseptic

D) Sterilization

E) Aseptic

6. The effect of antibiotics, in which there is complete or partial suppression of growth and reproduction of bacteria

A) bactericidal action

B) bacteriostatic action

C) microbial number

D) chemotherapeutic index

E) antimicrobial spectrum

7. In order to provide medicinal properties, an antibiotic must

A) at a low concentration should not kill the pathogen

B) the activity of the antibiotic must be suppressed by the action of body fluid

C) must quickly act on the microorganism

D) should not harm the microorganism

E) should suppress the immune response

8. Antibacterial preparation

A) interferon

B) azidothymidine

C) rubomycin

D) rifampicin

E) levorin

9. Boiling

A) physical method of sterilization

B) chemical method of disinfection

C) mechanical method of sterilization

D) antiseptic

E) The physical method of disinfection

10. Fractional Sterilization

A) autoclaving

B) pasteurization

C) boiling

D) tindalization

E) filtration

 

Lesson№ 9.

1. Topic: Frontal Exam: colloquium. 

2. Aim: Checking and assessing the level of residual knowledge among students

3. Objectives: Testing practical skills for students.

4. Main questions of the topic:

1. Definition of the subject of medical microbiology.

2. The purpose of microbiological laboratories.

3. Principles of the organization of a microbiological and educational laboratory.

4. Equipping the microbiological laboratory and workplace.

5. Rules of work in microbiological laboratories and compliance with technology

safety in them (regime conditions).

6. Basic principles of classification of microorganisms.

7. The device of a light microscope.

8. Immersion microscopy.

9. Darkfield microscopy.

10. Phase contrast microscopy.

11. Fluorescent microscopy.

12. Electron microscopy.

13. Morphology of bacteria.

14. Preparation of fixed smear preparations.

15. Simple methods of coloring.

16. Structure of the bacterial cell.

17. Features of the cell wall (CW) of gram-positive bacteria.

18. Features of the cell wall (CW) of gram-negative bacteria.

19. Functions of the cell wall and peptidoglycan.

20. L-transformation of bacteria - as the most important adaptive form of bacteria to unfavorable conditions.

21. Cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria - as a polyfunctional structure.

22. Cytoplasm, the basic structural elements and macromolecules of the cytoplasm.

23. Nucleoid, its chemical structure, biological significance for a bacterial cell.

24. Mesosomes and their functions.

25. Periplasmic space - its role in the functioning of the cell.

26. Capsules of bacteria, their most important properties, methods for their detection during microscopy.

27. Flagellum, donor villi, pimples or cilia are their chemical structure, biological significance for a bacterial cell.

28. Endospores and sporulation - as a protective form of bacteria under adverse conditions of existence.

29. Noncultivated forms of bacteria (NFPs) in non-spore-forming microorganisms.

30. Distinctive properties of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

31. Stages and mechanisms of painting according to Gram.

32. Peculiarities of coloring by the methods of Ozheshka, Neisser, Burri-Hins, Tsil-Nielsen.

33. Preparation of preparations for the study of microorganisms in their native form: methods of "hanging", "crushed" drops and vital (lifelong) color.

34. Order of Srirochaetalis, their morphological features.

35. Intraspecific differentiation by morphological features.

36. Morphological features of rickettsia, their taxonomy, classification. Morphology of the vegetative and resting stages.

37. Morphological features of chlamydia their taxonomy classification. Morphology of elementary, reticular and intermediate chlamydia bodies.

38. Morphological features of mycoplasmas, their taxonomy and classification, the level of organization of mycoplasmas.

39. Features of the level of organization of actinomycetes (streptomycetes), their similarity and difference from bacteria and fungi.

40. Morphology of mold fungi.

41. Principles of classification and morphology of protozoa.

42. The main properties of viruses.

43. Molecular-genetic organization of viruses, the basis of their taxonomy.

44. Types of the structure of viruses by the nature of the packaging of morphological subunits.

45. Infectious agents with unusual properties - viroids and prions.

46. ​​Metabolism - as a set of biochemical reactions taking place in a bacterial cell, the two sides of metabolism.

47. Nutrition of bacteria.

48. Classification of bacteria by type of food, energy sources.

49. Basic mechanisms of feeding bacteria.

50. Classification of bacteria by the type of respiration.

51. Growth and reproduction of bacteria.

52. Phases of reproduction of a population of bacteria in a liquid nutrient medium.

53. The main groups of bacterial enzymes and their classification.

54. Growth factors.

55. The first stage of isolation of a pure bacterial culture.

56. Define specific microbiological terms: "species", "strain", "clone", "colony", "pure culture".

57. Strains of bacteria within one species, divided by one feature (morphological, biological, pathogenic, antigenic, etc.).

58. Classification of nutrient media.

59. Requirements for nutrient media.

60. Universal nutrient media.

61. Elective (selective) nutrient media.

62. Differential-diagnostic environments.

63. Methods of sterilization of nutrient media.

64. Methods of cultivation of bacteria.

65. The second stage of the allocation of pure culture.

66. The third stage of the allocation of pure culture.

67. Methods for the isolation of a pure culture of aerobic bacteria.

68. Methods for isolating the pure culture of anaerobic bacteria.

69. Determination of the cultural properties of bacteria in the laboratory for the purpose of identifying or diagnosing them.

70. Determination of bacterial saccharolytic enzymes in the laboratory for the purpose of identification or diagnosis.

71. Determination of proteolytic enzymes of bacteria in the laboratory for the purpose of identification or diagnosis.

72. Identification of bacteria.

73. Types of interaction of the virus with the cell.

74. Stages of interaction of the virus with the cell.

75. Integrative form of a viral infection.

76. Methods of virus cultivation.

77. Cultivation of viruses in the body of sensitive animals.

78. Cultivation of viruses in a chicken embryo.Классификация тканевых культур и основные этапы их получения.

81. Propagation of viruses in cell culture, methods of their detection (cytopathic action, plaque method, color test, intracellular viral inclusions, hemagglutination and haemadsorption reaction).

82. Methods of identification (typing) of viruses.

83. Biological features of bacteriophages (phages), their forms.

84. Infectious phages, resting, virulent and moderate phages.

85. The life cycle of a phage, accompanied by a productive infection.

86. The life cycle of a phage, accompanied by a reductive infection.

87. Differentiation of phages from the spectrum of action on bacteria, their practical application in medicine.

88. Allocation of phages from environmental objects.

89. Quantitative and qualitative methods for determining phages.

90. Determination of the spectrum of the phage's phytic action.

91. Definition of lysogeny.

92. Practical significance of bacteriophagy.

93. Features of the genetics of bacteria - as one of the main conditions for preserving them as a species in nature.

94. Features of replication of bacterial DNA and their types.

95. Features of the regulation of the expression of genetic information in bacteria.

96. Transformation and transfection.

97. Transduction and sexduction.

98. Conjugation.

99. Transformable genetic elements and their classes.

100. Chromosome map of bacteria, study of the organization of genomes.

101. Plasmids of bacteria, as the simplest microorganisms.

102. Mutations and their classification.

103. Characteristic of modification variability in bacteria, signs undergoing changes.

104. The processes of repair in a bacterial cell.

105. Dissociation of bacteria, their biological meaning.

106. Genetic engineering in medical microbiology.

107. Give a definition of the concept of chemotherapeutic drugs, general characteristics characteristic of HTP.

108. The main groups of HTP.

109. Give the definition of the term "antibiotic". Classification of antibiotics by origin, by chemical composition, by the mechanism of antimicrobial action.

110. Classification of antibiotics according to the spectrum of action on microorganisms.

111. Drug resistance of bacteria and ways to overcome it.

112. Primary causes of virus resistance to antibiotics. Justify the reason for a small selection of HTPs for the treatment of viral infections.

113. Complications that develop with antibiotic therapy of infectious diseases.

114. Methods for determining the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics.

115. Practical use of various temperature parameters in microbiological medicine.

116. Applied importance in the microbiology of physical factors: the reaction of the medium (pH), humidity and drying, ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, ultrasound and pressure.

5. Methods of learning and teaching: Tests, устный опрос

6. Literature:

1. Medical microbiology, virologists and immunology. Ed. Academician of RAMS Zverev VV, Professor Boychenko MN - Moscow, GEOTAR-Media, 2010. - 1t. - 900 b.

2. Medical microbiology, virology and immunology. Ed. Vorobyeva A.A. - Moscow: MIA, 2008. - 690 p.

3. Medical microbiology, immunology and virology: a textbook for honey. universities. Ed. Korotyaeva AI, Babicheva SA - 5-еизд., Испр.и доп. - SPb .: SpecLit, 2012. - 760 pp. : ill.

4. Medical microbiology, virology, immunology. Ed. Borisova LB ..- M .: MIA, 2006.-734 p.

5. Medical Microbiology / Ch. Ed. Pokrovsky VI, Pozdeev O.K. - Moscow: GEOTAR MEDICINE, 2007.

6. Atlas on medical microbiology, virology and immunology: atlas / ed .: AS Bykov, AA Vorob'ev, VV Zverev. - 2 nd ed., Ext. - M .: Honey. inform. agency, 2008. - 272 p .: ill.

7. A guide to practical exercises on medical microbiology, virology and immunology. Ed. Tetz V.V. -М.: Медицина, 2002.-352 с.

8. Computer program "Diamorph" - "Medical microbiology" - atlas-guidance on bacteriology of mycology, protozoology and virology, edited by acad. prof. Vorobyeva A.A.

9. The determinant of bacteria Berdzhi / Ed. D. Houlta, N. Krig, P. Snitai et al., Moscow: Mir, 1997. - In 2 volumes.

In english language

5. Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach - Standalone book 2nd Edition.

6. Richard V Georing, Hazel M Docrell, Mark Zukerman, Derek Wakelin, Ivan M Roit, Cedric Mims, Peter L Chiodini «Medical Microbiology», 4th Edithion, 2008, UK, p.656.

7. Jacquelyn G Black «Microbiology», 7 th ,WILEY, 2010, p. 846.

8. Patric R Muray, Ken S Rosenthal, Michael F Pfaller «Medical Microbiology», 5th Edithion, 2008, p. 962.

Electronic resources:

1. Medicine 3 year [Electrones resource]: a course of lectures. - Electron. text dan. (24.0 MB). - M: Publishing house "Balance", 2005. -1 эл. opt. disk (CD-ROM).

2. Medical microbiology ATLAS - a guide to bacteriology, mycology, protozoology and virology [Electron resource]: for stud. and doctors / ed. A.S. Bykov. -M., 2001. -1 el. opt. disk (CD-ROM).

3. Workshop for laboratory studies on general microbiology [Electron resource]: teaching method. Manual / R.T. Dzhanabaev [et al.] -Sh., 2004. -1 e. opt. disk (CD-ROM).

Lesson№ 10 .

1. Topic: Genotypic and phenotypic variability of microorganisms. Mutations. Genetic recombinations: transformation, transduction, conjugation. Plasmids. Fundamentals of genetic engineering.

2. Aim: To master the methods of selection of mutants and recombinants in a bacterial population and methods for the detection of bacterial plasmids.

3. Objectives: Form an idea of genetic recombinations in bacteria in the experiments of transformation, transduction and conjugation.

4. Main questions of the topic:

1. Features of the genetics of bacteria - as one of the main conditions for preserving them as a species in nature.

2. Features of replication of bacterial DNA and their types.

3. Features of the regulation of the expression of genetic information in bacteria.

4. Transformation and transfection.

5. Transduction and sexduction.

6. Conjugation.

7. Transformable genetic elements and their classes.

8. Chromosome map of bacteria, the study of the organization of genomes.

9. Plasmids of bacteria, as the simplest microorganisms.

10. Mutations and their classification.

11. Characteristic of modification variability in bacteria, signs undergoing changes.

12. Processes of repair in a bacterial cell.

13. Dissociation of bacteria, their biological meaning.

14. Genetic engineering in medical microbiology.

5. Methods of learning and teaching: discussion

6. Literature:

1. Medical microbiology, virologists and immunology. Ed. Academician of RAMS Zverev VV, Professor Boychenko MN - Moscow, GEOTAR-Media, 2010. - 1t. - 900 b.

2. Medical microbiology, virology and immunology. Ed. Vorobyeva A.A. - Moscow: MIA, 2008. - 690 p.

3. Medical microbiology, immunology and virology: a textbook for honey. universities. Ed. Korotyaeva AI, Babicheva SA - 5-еизд., Испр.и доп. - SPb .: SpecLit, 2012. - 760 pp. : ill.

4. Medical microbiology, virology, immunology. Ed. Borisova LB ..- M .: MIA, 2006.-734 p.

5. Medical Microbiology / Ch. Ed. Pokrovsky VI, Pozdeev O.K. - Moscow: GEOTAR MEDICINE, 2007.

6. Atlas on medical microbiology, virology and immunology: atlas / ed .: AS Bykov, AA Vorob'ev, VV Zverev. - 2 nd ed., Ext. - M .: Honey. inform. agency, 2008. - 272 p .: ill.

7. A guide to practical exercises on medical microbiology, virology and immunology. Ed. Tetz V.V. -М.: Медицина, 2002.-352 с.

8. Computer program "Diamorph" - "Medical microbiology" - atlas-guidance on bacteriology of mycology, protozoology and virology, edited by acad. prof. Vorobyeva A.A.

9. The determinant of bacteria Berdzhi / Ed. D. Houlta, N. Krig, P. Snitai et al., Moscow: Mir, 1997. - In 2 volumes.

In english language

9. Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach - Standalone book 2nd Edition.

10. Richard V Georing, Hazel M Docrell, Mark Zukerman, Derek Wakelin, Ivan M Roit, Cedric Mims, Peter L Chiodini «Medical Microbiology», 4th Edithion, 2008, UK, p.656.

11. Jacquelyn G Black «Microbiology», 7 th ,WILEY, 2010, p. 846.

12. Patric R Muray, Ken S Rosenthal, Michael F Pfaller «Medical Microbiology», 5th Edithion, 2008, p. 962.

Electronic resources:

1. Medicine 3 year [Electrones resource]: a course of lectures. - Electron. text dan. (24.0 MB). - M: Publishing house "Balance", 2005. -1 эл. opt. disk (CD-ROM).

2. Medical microbiology ATLAS - a guide to bacteriology, mycology, protozoology and virology [Electron resource]: for stud. and doctors / ed. A.S. Bykov. -M., 2001. -1 el. opt. disk (CD-ROM).

3. Workshop for laboratory studies on general microbiology [Electron resource]: teaching method. Manual / R.T. Dzhanabaev [et al.] -Sh., 2004. -1 e. opt. disk (CD-ROM).

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