Unit 7 . Система здравоохранения в Великобритании
Unit 8 . Гиппократ.
Unit 9 . История сестринского дела и медицины
Unit 1 0 . Профессия медицинской сестры
Unit 1. Human body
Ознакомьтесь с таблицей, прочитайте и переведите основные части тела человек. (P, p.12)
Most external parts of the body have ordinary English names as well as anatomical names. Doctors normally use the English names, even when talking to each other.
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| 1 eаr 2 check 3 jaw (mandible) 4 neck 5 shoulder 6 armpit (axilla) 7 upper arm 8 elbow 9 loin 10 forearm 11 buttock 12 wrist 13 hand 14 thumb 15 finger 16 thigh 17 calf 18 leg 19 foot 20 toe 21 hair 22 forehead 23 nose 24 chin 25 Adam’s apple (laryngeal prominence) 26 chest (thorax) | ||
| 27 nipple 28 breast 29 stomach, tummy, belly (abdomen) 30 navel, belly button (umbilicus) 31 hip 32 palm 33 groin (inguinal region) | 34 genitals (penis and testicles) 35 knee (patella = kneecap) 36 shin 37 ankle 38 big toe 39 sole 40 heel | |
NB: Limb means arm (upper limb) or leg (lower limb). The trunk is the body excluding the head and limbs
In the practical anatomy class we study the human body. The principal parts of the human body are the head, the trunk and limbs (extremities). We speak of the upper extremities (arms) and of the lower extremities (legs).
The head consists of two parts: the skull, which contains the brain and the face, which consists of the forehead, the eyes; the nose, the lips, the cheeks, the ears and the chin. The ear includes three principal parts: the external ear, the middle ear and the internal ear.
The mouth has two lips: an upper lip and a lower lip. In the mouth there are gums with teeth, a tongue and a palate. The head is connected with the trunk by the neck. The upper part of the trunk is the chest and the lower part is the abdomen. 'The principal organs in the chest are: the lungs, the heart and the gullet (esophagus) .We breathe with the lungs. The heart contracts and makes about 60-80 beats per minute.
The heart regulates the rate at which the blood circulates and also gives direction to the blood flow. You can strengthen your heart, protect it from disease by exercises and regular regimen. Take your pulse and in such a way you can control the work of your heart.
About 5 litres of blood fill our arteries, veins, capillaries. Due to the oxygen content it is of a bright red colour when it flows from the arteries and due to the waste products it is of a dark red colour when it flows from the veins. Arteries carry blood from the heart, veins carry blood to the heart.
The blood corpuscles are erythrocytes, leucocytes and blood-platelets. The function of erythrocytes is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and aid in the transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. Leucocytes play a very important part in the protection of the body against disease. The function of the blood-platelets is to start the coagulation of blood and to stop bleeding.
The principal organs in the abdominal cavity are the stomach, the liver, the spleen, the intestines, the kidneys, the gall-bladder and the bladder. The framework of bones called the skeleton supports the soft parts and protects the organs from injury.
The upper extremity is connected with the chest by the shoulder. Each arm consists of the upper arm, the forearm, the elbow, the wrist and the hand. We have four fingers and a thumb on each hand.
The lower extremity (the leg) consists of the hip , the knee, the calf, the ankle and the foot. The body is covered with the skin.
Word-box
1. human body - человеческое тело
2. trunk - туловище
3. limb - конечность, член (тела)
4. extremity - конечность
5. upper - верх
6. lower - низ
7. to consist of- состоять из
8. skull-череп
9. to contain - содержать
10. brain - мозг
11. forehead - лоб
12. mouth - рот
13. lip - губа
14. cheek - щека
15. chin - подбородок
16. external - внешний, наружный
17. internal - внутренний
18. gum - десна
19. tooth (teeth) - зуб (зубы)
20. tongue - язык
21. palate -нёбо
22. to connect – соединять
23. neck - шея
24. chest - грудная клетка
25. abdomen - брюшная полость
26. lung - лёгкое
27. heart - сердце
28. gullet - пищевод
29. to breathe - дышать
30. beat - биение
31. abdominal - брюшной
32. cavity - полость
33. stomach - желудок
34. liver - печень
35. bone - кость
36. skeleton - скелет
37. to support - поддерживать
38. soft - мягкий
39. to protect - предохранять
40. injury - рана, ушиб, ранение
41. muscle - мускул
42. shoulder - плечо
43. forearm - предплечье
44. elbow - локоть
45. wrist - запястье
46. thumb - большой палец (руки)
47. hip = thigh - бедро
48. knee - колено calf - икра (ноги)
49. ankle – лодыжка
50. skin - кожа
51. spleen - селезёнка
52. intestine - кишечник
53. kidney - почка
54. gall-bladder - желчный пузырь
55. bladder ~ мочевой пузырь
56. framework –каркас
57. to circulate – циркулироватьregular regimen – правильный режим
58. to take somebody’s pulse – щупать пульс
59. to strengthen the heart – укреплять сердце
60. to control the work of somebody’s heart – контролировать работу сердца
61. beats per minute – ударов в минуту
62. to protect from disease – защитить от болезни
63. to fill – заполнять
64. arteries, veins, capillaries – артерии, вены, капилляры
65. corpuscles – тельца
66. erythrocytes – эритроциты
67. leucocytes - лейкоциты
68. blood-platelets – тромбоциты
69. tissue – ткань
70. bleeding – кровотечение
71. rate – скорость
72. content - содержание
73. due to – благодаря
74. to flow – течь
75. to aid - помогать, способствовать
Упр. 1 . Скажите по-английски:
укрепить сердце, защитить сердце от болезни, щупать пульс, 70 ударов в минуту, контролировать работу сердца, правильный режим, сердце сокращается, сердце регулирует скорость, кровь циркулирует, поток крови, содержание кислорода, течь, нести, кровяные тельца, ткани, свертывание крови, остановить кровотечение.
Упр 2. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.
1. What are the principal parts of the human body? 2. What parts does the head consist of? 3. What parts does the ear include? 4. What are the upper part and the lower part of the trunk? 5. What do you know about the upper extremity? 6. What does the lower extremity consist of? 7. What is the body covered with?
Дата: 2019-02-25, просмотров: 470.
