Information security means protection of information and supporting structure against accidental or deliberate natural or artificial impacts.

The existing means of protecting information can be divided into the following features:

• Technical means - electrical, electronic and mechanical devices;

• Software - software designed to perform information security functions;

• Cryptographic tools - mathematical algorithms that provide data encryption for solving information security problems;

• Organizational means - a set of organizational, technical and legal measures;

• Legislative means - a set of legislative acts that regulate the rules for the use of IP, processing and transmission of information.

In computer networks, you can identify the following types of intentional threats:

- Illegal penetration into the network computer;

-Destruction of the system with the help of virus programs;

-To listen to intranet traffic.

All data protection tools can be assigned to one of the following groups:

- Protection of computer hardware;

- Protection of communication lines;

- Database protection;

- Protection of the computer management subsystem.

Today, cybersecurity is answered by specialists who work in this field. Usually such specialists can be found in banks, exchanges and offices of the largest Internet companies.

Currently, there is a sharp increase in incidents in the field of information security, which are widespread and are becoming threatening.

The main trends in the development of threats are:

• an increase in the number of hacker attacks;

• increasing the complexity of attacks, which may include several stages;

• impact on virtually all electronic devices, including mobile devices;

• Increasingly frequent attacks on the information infrastructure of large corporations, major industrial facilities and even state structures;

• application of means and methods of cyber attack on the most developed countries in the field of computer technologies to other states.

The number of malicious objects that are detected on the network annually, is estimated in billions, their distribution is conducted by more than 100 million Internet addresses.

Attacks in the information space cause damage, which is estimated at hundreds of billions of dollars.

Given that society is becoming increasingly dependent on information and communication technologies every day, protecting these technologies is becoming a very important topic.

To date, cybersecurity is a prerequisite for the development of the information society, which can be followed by an almost endless list of security problems and their solutions, from technical to legislative ones.

Cybersecurity of Kazakhstan

The Ministry of defence and aerospace industry has been established in Kazakhstan, to which all information security functions have been transferred.

This decree was signed on October 6, 2016 by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

January 31, 2017 President Nursultan Nazarbayev in his traditional message to the people of Kazakhstan instructed the government and the National Security Committee to take measures to create a system "Cybershield of Kazakhstan."

Computer viruses

Computer viruses are specially written programs that can "multiply", covertly inject their copies into files, boot sectors of disks and perform other undesirable actions.

After infection of the computer, the virus can activate and begin performing harmful actions to destroy programs and data.

Activation of the virus can be associated with various events:

- Onset of a certain date;

- Running the program;

- The opening of the document.

The first known viruses are Virus 1,2,3 and Elk Cloner appeared in 1981. In the winter of 1984, the first anti-virus utilities appeared.

The first virus epidemics occurred in 1986, when the Brain virus "infected" floppy disks for the first personal computers. On Friday, May 13, 1988, the Jerusalem virus appeared, which destroyed programs when they were launched.

In 2004, unprecedented epidemics were caused by the viruses MsBlast (according to Microsoft - more than 16 million systems), Sasser (estimated damage 500 million dollars) and Mydoom (estimated damage 4 billion dollars).