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If a suspected acute respiratory infection from a patient with acute respiratory disease was prepared, a swab from the lower nasal shell was prepared. Fixing in acetone, treated with anti-influenza serum, then after rinsing it was filled with luminescent serum. What was the purpose of this study? Which microscope is used?

Tests:

1. Antibodies that are unable to aggregate particles into conglomerates, combining with the antigen

A) normal

B) abzymes

C) polyclonal

D) incomplete

E) monoclonal

2. In a pool of immunoglobulins synthesized by a set of cells after immunization with a mono-determinant antigen, antibodies

A) normal

B) incomplete

C) polyclonal

D) abzyme

E) monoclonal

3. Immunoglobulins found in serum and in secrets on the surface of the mucous membranes belong to the classes

A) Ig G

B) Ig A

C) IgM

D) Ig D

E) Ig E

4. Lymphocytes that block the development of humoral and cellular immunity

A) T-suppressors

B) T-helpers

C) T-killers

D) T-effectors

E) B-lymphocytes

5. Cytocidal cells that destroy target cells

A) T-helpers

B) T-killers

C) T-effectors

D) T-suppressors

E) B-lymphocytes

6. Common antigens that occur in different animal species

A) half-haptens

B) haptens

C) heteroantigens

D) propagens

E) alloantigens

7. Various antigens that occur within one species

A) proantigens

B) half-haptens

C) alloantigens

D) heteroantigens

E) haptens

8. The blood group in the ABO system and the resusantigen

A) alloantigens

B) half-haptens

C) proantigens

D) heteroantigens

E) haptens

9. Human tissues are characterized by the absolute individuality of tissue antigens, such antigens refer to

A) half-heptenes

B) alloantigens

C) proantigens

D) to haptens

E) heteroantigens

10. Immunological reaction of a local nature, associated with prolonged exposure to haptens

A) Immunological tolerance

B) Immunological memory

C) secondary response

D) atopy

E) primary response

Lesson№ 15.

1. Topic: System of cellular immunity function. Antigen-independent and antigen-dependent differentiation of T-lymphocytes. The main subpopulations of T-lymphocytes and their functions. Immunological tolerance. Laboratory evaluation of T- and B-systems of immunity, phagocytosis. Cytokines, the main characteristics, the role in the regulation of the immune response.

2. Aim: Form students knowledge of the main types of antigen-presenting cells and the peculiarities of the functioning of the AIC. To consider modern ideas about the T-system of immunity as an important part of the immune system and to study the main stages of differentiation of T-lymphocytes. Form students knowledge about cytokines and their role in the regulation of the immune response, To introduce the role of cytokines in the development of the inflammatory response and some possible complications in the cytokine therapy

3. Objectives:

Ø Familiarize students with the main types of antigen-presenting cells and the features of their functioning;

Ø Familiarize yourself with the role of macrophages and dendritic cells in the immune response;

Ø Familiarize yourself with the functions of the T-cell immunity system;

Ø Consider the main stages of antigen-independent differentiation of T-lymphocytes;

Ø Consider the features of antigen-dependent differentiation of T-helpers and T-killers. To study the role of T-helpers in the cooperation of immunocompetent cells;

Ø Familiarize students with the functional characteristics of the main subpopulations of T-lymphocytes;

Ø Develop communication skills for group discussion and generalization and commentary of statements.

3 . Main questions of the topic:

1. The origin of lymphocytes. Antigen-independent and antigen-dependent differentiation of lymphocytes.

2. The main provisions of the concept of immunological surveillance.

3. Migration and recirculation of lymphocytes. The main functions of B-, T-lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells.

4. The concept of the immune response, types of immune response.

5. The main characteristics of the primary and secondary immune response.

6. The notions of the normal, hyperergic immune response, immunological areactivity (tolerance).

7. Scheme of 3-cell cooperation.

8. The role of T-, B-lymphocytes and macrophages in the immune response.

9. The main types of antigen-presenting cells.

10. System of mononuclear phagocytes.

11. The main functions of macrophages (phagocytosis, a synthetic function, participation in a specific immune response).

12. The role of macrophages in the immune response.

13. Features of processing and presentation of antigens by macrophages and dendritic cells.

14. Functions of the system of cellular immunity.

15. Receptors and markers of T-lymphocytes. Differentiation CD antigens.

16. Antigen-independent differentiation of T-lymphocytes.

17. Processes of positive and negative selection in the thymus.

18. Functional features of Tx1 and Tx2, their role in the norm and pathology.

19. Antigen-dependent differentiation of T-helpers. Factors affecting the formation of Tx1 and Tx2 from Tx0.

20. Receptors and markers of T-lymphocytes. Differentiation CD antigens.

21. Suppressor cells in the immune response: the role of Th1, Tx2, Tc / s (CD8 + 30 +), macrophages and NK cells.

22. Antigen-dependent differentiation of T-killers, the mechanism of their cytotoxic action.

23. Immunological tolerance.

24. Natural and induced tolerance.

25. Central and peripheral mechanisms of natural tolerance.

26. Violation of tolerance as the leading cause of autoimmune diseases.

27. The main groups of cytokines: interleukins; interferons; tumor necrosis factors; colony-stimulating factors; chemokines.

28. The concept of the cytokine network. Features of the structure and function of receptors for cytokines.

29. Principles of cytokine regulation of hematopoiesis.

30. The role of cytokines in the development of an inflammatory reaction.

31. Immunological memory.

5. Methods of learning and teaching: discussion, Tests

6. Literature:

Basic

1. Galaktionov V.T. Immunology. - M. - Ed. "RIC MDK". - 2000. -487

2. Vorobiev A.A. "Microbiology, Immunology" Moscow: MIA, 2002

3. Medical microbiology, virology and immunology. Ed. Vorobyeva A.A. - Moscow: MIA, 2008. - 690 p.

4. Medical microbiology, virology, immunology. Ed. Borisova LB ..- M .: MIA, 2006.-734 p.

5. A.A. Shortanbaev, S.V. Kozhanova "General Immunology", Almaty, 2009

6. R.M. Khaitov "Immunology", Moscow, 2009

7. A. Karaulov "Clinical Immunology and Allergology", Moscow, 2002

Additional:

1. D. Mail, J. Brostoff, D.B. Roit "Immunology", Moscow, 2007

2. N.V. Medunitsyn "Vaccinology", Moscow, 2004

3. D.H. Playfler "Visual Immunology", 2008

4. E. Chepel "Fundamentals of Clinical Immunology", 2008

5. R.M. Khaitov "Clinical Allergology", Moscow, 2002

6. G.B. Fedoseev "Allergology", St. Petersburg, 2001

7. Gordan Ada, Alistair Ramsay "Vaccines, vaccination and immune response", Moscow, 2002

8. S.A. Ketlinsky, A.S. Simbirtsev "Cytokines", St. Petersburg, 2008

9. K.A. Lebedev, I.D. Ponyakina "Immune Deficiency", Moscow, 2003

10. A.A. Totolyan, I.S. Freidlin "Cells of the immune system" I-II, SPb, 2000

11. G.T. Kaliakbarova "Cytokines", Almaty, 2004

12. G.T. Balpanova "Fundamentals of Transplantation Immunity. System HLA », Almaty, 2003

13. B.B. Bizhigitova "The role of the complement system and antigen-presenting cells in the immune response", Almaty, 2006

14. S.G. Mukhambetova, A.S. Karakushikova, Kozhanova SV, Sadvakasova GS "Assessment of the immune status of a person in a clinic", Almaty, 2005

In english language

1. Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach - Standalone book 2nd Edition.

2. Richard V Georing, Hazel M Docrell, Mark Zukerman, Derek Wakelin, Ivan M Roit, Cedric Mims, Peter L Chiodini «Medical Microbiology», 4^th Edithion, 2008, UK, p.656.

3. Microbiology & Immunology W.Kelwer Willams Wilkins, 2014

4. Microbiology & Immunology , W.Kelwer Willams Wilkins, 2014

5. Jawetz. Melnick,& Adelberg`s Medical Microbiology - 26th ed, G. F. Brooks [et al.]. 2014

6. Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology W. Levinson, 2014

7. Infection: Microbiology and Management , Bannister B., Gillespie S., Jones J.; Blackwell Publishing, 2006

Lesson№ 16.

1. Topic: Primary immunodeficiency states classification, etiology, pathogenesis. Clinical syndromes. Secondary immunodeficiency states, classification, etiology, laboratory diagnostics from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine.

2. Aim: Form students knowledge about the classification, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of primary and secondary immunodeficiency states

3. Objectives: To familiarize students with modern views and the classification of IDS. To familiarize with pathogenetic classification of congenital IDS RV. Petrova and Yu.A. Lopukhin. Consider the main forms of primary TDS of the T and B system, combined lesions, phagocytosis and complement system. Give an idea of secondary IDS, their classification, diagnosis and treatment. Consider the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. Form the communication skills necessary for effective collaboration between the doctor and the patient, and also for conducting group discussion.

4. Main questions of the topic:

1. IDS. Concept, classification of WHO.

2. Primary (congenital) IDS, pathogenetic classification RV Petrova and Yu.A. Lopukhin.

3. Primary IDS:

a) with the primary defeat of the T-system;

b) with the predominant defeat of the B-system;

c) combined defeat of T- and B-systems.

4. Primary CID due to defects of the phagocytic system and the complement system.

5. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, principles of treatment of primary IDS.

6. Secondary or acquired IDS, concept, classification.

7. The main causes of secondary IDS.

8. Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection

9. Target cells for the HIV virus.

10. The main clinical manifestations of HIV infection..

5. Methods of learning and teaching: дискуссия, Tests