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1. During bacteriological examination of smears of preparations of the patient with gingivitis from the purulent discharge taken by the dentist for the study, cocci within the leukocytes were found, as well as outside cells in the form of clusters. Justify the phenomenon found in the preparations. Formulate this phenomenon, taking into account the morphology of the microorganism, the properties of the protective cells of the patient with gingivitis. What microorganisms are found inside the leukocytes from the test smear being separated?
2. During a bacterioscopy of a smear from a patient with pneumonia, gram (-) cocci within the leukocytes were found, and elongated cocci resembling a candle flame, outside the leukocytes. Determine what kind of phenomenon it is? What microorganisms are located inside and outside the white blood cells?
Tests:
1. Cytocidal cells that destroy target cells
A) T-helpers
B) T-killers
C) T-effectors
D) T-suppressors
E) B-lymphocytes
2. Various acids of sebaceous and sweat glands of the skin, possessing antimicrobial properties, are the factors of protection
A) biological
B) immunological
C) physico-chemical
D) mechanical
E) specific
3. The humoral factor, competing with microorganisms for the metabolites necessary for them, without which the pathogens can not reproduce
A) interferon
B) B-lysine
C) transferrin
D) fibronectin
E) complement
4. The humoral factor interacting with the surface of microorganisms, contributing to their phagocytosis, fulfills the role of opsonins
A) B-lysine
B) fibronectin
C) transferrin
D) complement
E) interferon
5. Large granulosoderzhaschie lymphocytes, which have a cytotoxic effect against foreign cells
A) monocytes
B) leukocytes
C) natural killers
D) T-killers
E) platelets
6. Cells of mesoderm origin, absorbing and digesting microorganisms
A) phagocytes
B) red blood cells
C) platelets
D) T-suppressors
E) T-helpers
7. The humoral factor of nonspecific resistance of the organism
A) microphages
B) Properdin protein
C) T-killers
D) Hydrochloric acid of gastric juice
E) macrophages
8. The ratio of phagocytic parameters obtained with immune and non-immune serum is called the index
A) leukocyte
B) phagocytic
C) opsonic
D) opsonophagocytic
E) lymphocytic
9. Complex complex of proteins of serum, reacting with each other in a certain sequence
A) transferrin
B) B-lysine
C) complement
D) fibronectin
E) interferon
10. Biological active substances produced by macrophages, often found in saliva and tears
A) immunoglobulins
B) peroxidase
C) interleukins
D) complement proteins
E) lysozyme
Lesson№ 14.
1. Topic: Antibodies. Antigens. Antigen-presenting cells, their role in the induction and regulation of the immune response
2. Aim: Form students knowledge of the system of humoral immunity, the structure and functions of the main classes of immunoglobulins and their role in the norm and pathology. Form knowledge about the structure and basic principles of the functioning of the complement system, its role in the norm and pathology.
Objectives:
Ø Familiarize the students with the basic concepts of the humoral immunity system, the main stages of differentiation of B-lymphocytes and their ability to respond to immune responses at different stages of differentiation.
Ø Consider the structural features of the main classes of immunoglobulins and the functions of Fab and Fc fragments of immunoglobulins.
Ø Develop knowledge about the main receptors and markers of B-lymphocytes.
Ø Develop knowledge about the complement system and its role in immunological reactions.
Ø To study the basic mechanisms of activation of the complement system.
Ø To study the functions of intermediate and final fragments and complexes of the complement system.
Ø Give an idea of the role of inhibitors of the complement system in norm and pathology.
Ø Develop the skill of applying the acquired knowledge to determine the pathology of the humoral system and the complement system.
4. Main questions of the topic:
1. Give a definition of the term "antigen" and list the main properties of antigens.
2. Classification of antigens.
3. Defective antigens.
4. Antigens of the human body
5. Antigens of the main tissue compatibility complex.
6. Antigens of microorganisms.
7. Give a definition of the concept of "antibody", their functions.
8. The chemical nature and structure of antibodies or immunoglobulins.
9. Classes of immunoglobulins, their main characteristics, differences and features.
10. Antiglobulin antibodies.
11. Anti-idiotype antibodies.
12. The system of humoral immunity and its role in immunological reactions.
13. Origin and main stages of differentiation of B-lymphocytes.
14. The ability of B-lymphocytes to respond to an immune response in the process of differentiation.
15. Features of the structure and function of the main classes of immunoglobulins.
16. Functions of Fab and Fc fragments of immunoglobulins.
17. Receptors and markers of B-lymphocytes.
18. The complement system, its structure and role in immunological reactions.
19. Classical and alternative ways of activation of the complement system, their distinctive features.
20. The main stages of the classical and alternative ways of activation.
21. Biological role of fragments and complexes of the complement system.
22. Complement inhibitors, their role in the norm and pathology.
5. Methods of learning and teaching: discussion, Tests
6. Literature:
1. Galaktionov V.T. Immunology. - M. - Ed. "RIC MDK". - 2000. -487
2. Vorobiev A.A. "Microbiology, Immunology" Moscow: MIA, 2002
3. Medical microbiology, virology and immunology. Ed. Vorobyeva A.A. - Moscow: MIA, 2008. - 690 p.
4. Medical microbiology, virology, immunology. Ed. Borisova LB ..- M .: MIA, 2006.-734 p.
5. A.A. Shortanbaev, S.V. Kozhanova "General Immunology", Almaty, 2009
6. R.M. Khaitov "Immunology", Moscow, 2009
7. A. Karaulov "Clinical Immunology and Allergology", Moscow, 2002
Additional:
1. D. Mail, J. Brostoff, D.B. Roit "Immunology", Moscow, 2007
2. N.V. Medunitsyn "Vaccinology", Moscow, 2004
3. D.H. Playfler "Visual Immunology", 2008
4. E. Chepel "Fundamentals of Clinical Immunology", 2008
5. R.M. Khaitov "Clinical Allergology", Moscow, 2002
6. G.B. Fedoseev "Allergology", St. Petersburg, 2001
7. Gordan Ada, Alistair Ramsay "Vaccines, vaccination and immune response", Moscow, 2002
8. S.A. Ketlinsky, A.S. Simbirtsev "Cytokines", St. Petersburg, 2008
9. K.A. Lebedev, I.D. Ponyakina "Immune Deficiency", Moscow, 2003
10. A.A. Totolyan, I.S. Freidlin "Cells of the immune system" I-II, SPb, 2000
11. G.T. Kaliakbarova "Cytokines", Almaty, 2004
12. G.T. Balpanova "Fundamentals of Transplantation Immunity. System HLA », Almaty, 2003
13. B.B. Bizhigitova "The role of the complement system and antigen-presenting cells in the immune response", Almaty, 2006
14. S.G. Mukhambetova, A.S. Karakushikova, Kozhanova SV, Sadvakasova GS "Assessment of the immune status of a person in a clinic", Almaty, 2005
In english language
1. Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach - Standalone book 2nd Edition.
2. Richard V Georing, Hazel M Docrell, Mark Zukerman, Derek Wakelin, Ivan M Roit, Cedric Mims, Peter L Chiodini «Medical Microbiology», 4th Edithion, 2008, UK, p.656.
3. Microbiology & Immunology W.Kelwer Willams Wilkins, 2014
4. Microbiology & Immunology , W.Kelwer Willams Wilkins, 2014
5. Jawetz. Melnick,& Adelberg`s Medical Microbiology - 26th ed, G. F. Brooks [et al.]. 2014
6. Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology W. Levinson, 2014
7. Infection: Microbiology and Management , Bannister B., Gillespie S., Jones J.; Blackwell Publishing, 2006
Дата: 2018-12-21, просмотров: 249.