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1. In the patient K. from the wounded was taken pus in the amount of 0.5 ml after antimicrobial therapy in a vessel, which was processed at the beginning of the disinfectant. What are the tactical mistakes in taking the material? How will the violations of the material take place affect the results of microbiological research?
2. Tubes of blood, bottles with urine and other material were delivered to the laboratory for testing, they were not sealed in bixes, they were taken in 24 hours, stored at room temperature. What violations of the taking, storage, and delivery of the material are installed by you?
3. Clinical material for microbiological studies was delivered in ukuporennoy dishes, without bixa, taken three days in advance to transport the material. What mistakes were made?
4. In the laboratory delivered clinical material, accompanied by a direction where the name, age, clinical diagnosis, place of work, home address of the patient were indicated. What data is lost in the direction? What consequences will these violations have on the results of the study?
5. The material for the study (mucus from the nose of the pharynx) was sown with a loop on the cups with blood and yellow-salt agar (HSA). The cultures were incubated at 37 ° C for 24 hours. The next day, golden round convex opaque colonies were formed, on the blood agar the hemolysis zone was noted. For the final determination of the staphylococcus species, 2-3 colonies were resected into test tubes with chopped nutrient agar. It is established that the culture ferments glucose and mannitol under anaerobic conditions, forms plasmacoagulase, as well as toxin. Identify this type of staphylococci.
6. In smears from pus, taken from a festering tooth, microorganisms are arranged in pairs or chains in a rounded shape. On dense media form small gray colonies. On liquid media, benthic growth is given. On the blood agar around the colony a transparent hemolysis zone is formed. Growth is given on medium with optohin (1: 1 00000), but there is no growth on medium with inulin and 40% bile. Set this type of streptococcus.
7. At the clinic, the patient entered a serious condition with suspected sepsis caused by Gram-positive cocci, after dental intervention. What research needs to be done to determine the genus and type of the isolated coccus?
Tests:
11. Nucleated cocci that lose the capsule during cultivation on artificial nutrient media and pass from S- to R-form
A) Streptococci
B) pneumococci
C) Staphylococci
D) of the gonococcus
E) meningococci
2. Virulent property of staphylococci
A) fermentation of mannitol
B) coagulase activity
C) hemolysis of ram's erythrocytes
D) catalase activity
E) B-lactamase activity
3. The causative agent of purulent inflammation with growth on nutrient media has a specific smell of jasmine
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
C) hemolytic streptococcus
D) pneumococcus
E) Enterococcus
4. Gneadic cocci that give hemolysis on blood agar
A) meningococci
B) Staphylococci
C) gonococci
D) Streptococci
E) pneumococci
5. Gneadic cocci causing strictly type-specific post-infection immunity
A) meningococci
B) Streptococci
C) Staphylococci
D) of the gonococcus
E) pneumococci
6. Disease not suspected by staphylococci
A) sepsis
B) osteomyelitis
C) peritonitis
D) furuncle
E) scarlet fever
7. Basic methods of laboratory diagnosis of streptococcal infections
A) microscopic.
B) serological, biological.
C) allergic.
D) bacteriological, serological.
E) microscopic, allergic.
8. Property inherent to protein-M streptococcus
A) invasive properties
B) inhibits phagocytosis
C) destroys the red blood cells
D) depresses chemotaxis
E) determines antibiotic sensitivity
9. Proteolytic properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A) does not dilute gelatin
B) hydrolyzes casein
C) forms indole
D) forms hydrogen sulphide
E) Do not roll litmus milk
Lesson№ 2
1. Topic: MDB wound anaerobic infections (anaerobic gas infection, tetanus, diseases caused by non-spore forming anaerobes).
2. Aim: To master microbiological diagnostics of clostridia of gas gangrene, tetanus, botulism.
3. Objectives: To teach methods of laboratory diagnostics of gas gangrene, tetanus, botulism.
4. Main questions of the topic:
1. General characteristics of clostridia.
2. Morphology and cultural properties of the tetanus pathogen.
3. Biochemical properties and antigenic structure of the tetanus pathogen.
4. Resistance and epidemiology of tetanus.
5. Factors of pathogenicity of the tetanus pathogen.
6. Pathogenesis, clinic and immunity in tetanus.
7. Microbiological diagnosis of tetanus.
8. Treatment and specific prevention of tetanus.
9. Morphology and cultural properties of clostridia, causing gas gangrene.
10. Biochemical properties and antigenic structure of causative agents of gas gangrene.
11. Factors of pathogenicity of causative agents of gas gangrene.
12. Features of pathogenesis, clinic and immunity in gas gangrene.
13. Microbiological diagnosis of gas gangrene.
14. Treatment and specific prevention of gas gangrene.
15. Morphology and cultural properties of the pathogen of botulism.
16. Biochemical properties and antigenic structure of the pathogen of botulism.
17. Resistance and epidemiology of botulism.
18. Pathogenicity factors causative agent of botulism.
19. Features of pathogenesis, clinic and immunity in botulism.
20. Microbiological diagnosis of botulism.
21. Treatment and specific prevention of botulism.
5. Methods of learning and teaching: small groups, dumb cards.
6. Literature:
1. Borisov L.B. Medical microbiology, virology, immunology .- Moscow: MIA, 2002.- 734 p. - pp. 327-336.
2. Korotyaev A.I., Babichev S.L. Medical microbiology, immunology and virology. - SPb .: Spec. lit., 2000.- 591 p. - p.421-435.
3. Medical Microbiology / Ch. Ed. IN AND. Pokrovsky, O.K. Pozdeev. - Moscow: GEOTAR MEDICINE, 1998, 2001, 2006. - 1200 p.
4. Tets V.V. A Guide to Practical Studies in Medical Microbiology, Virology and Immunology - M.: Medicine, 2002. - 352 p.
5. Computer program "Diamorph" - "Medical microbiology" - atlas-guidance on the bacteriology of mycology, protozoology and virology, edited by acad. prof. Vorobyeva A.A.
6. Borisov LB, Kozmin-Sokolov BV, Freidlin IS A guide to laboratory studies in medical microbiology, virology, immunology. - Moscow: Medicine, 1993. - pp. 132-139.
7. MA Mayansky Microbiology for doctors. - Nizhny Novgorod: Publishing house of the Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 1999. - 400 p.
7. Exam (questions, tests, tasks, etc.) In the hospital, the injured M. was taken to a car accident. Objectively: there is a lacerated wound in the thigh, contaminated with soil and scraps of clothing. The victim was taken to the hospital a few hours after the incident, so the surgical help was rendered untimely. Despite the help, two days later, a profuse gas formation, edema and necrosis formed in the wound, against a background of severe intoxication. What measures need to be taken urgently to treat a patient? What mistake was made during the initial treatment of the wound to the victim? From swelling fluid and necrotic tissue were prepared swabs and painted on Gram. When they were microscopically revealed: large Gram-positive, capsule-forming sticks, the material was examined using Kitt-Tarotzi, Wilson-Blair and milk media, pre-tubes were heated at 80 ° C for 30 minutes to kill non-spore-forming bacteria. In milk, 4 hours after sowing, a spongy bunch containing bubbles of gas and a separated clear liquid was found. A day later on the Kitt-Tarozzi medium, turbidity and gas formation were noted, on Wilson-Blair medium - black colonies in the depth of the agar column. In smears from crops, large gram-positive rods were found. Is this enough to make a conclusion about the causative agent of the disease? What determines the toxigenicity of a culture? Is express diagnostics used? What preparations are recommended by you for treatment and prophylaxis of gas gangrene taking into account the laboratory data? What you need to know when introducing biological drugs, and how to prevent side reactions.
1. A patient with a trauma (a laceration with tissue decomposition) entered the surgical department. What drug should I administer to a patient to prevent anaerobic infections?
2. After eating canned meat the next day, patient K. appeared pain in the stomach, nausea, headache. What help should I give the patient? What material should be taken for research? Make a final diagnosis.
Tests:
1. An infectious disease characterized by severe intoxication with CNS damage, which occurs when food is consumed
A) tetanus
B) botulism
C) meningitis
D) gonorrhea
E) gas gangrene
2. Gram-positive rods with rounded ends that form subterminal spores, having the appearance of a tennis racket, are pathogens
A) gas gangrene
B) tetanus
C) botulism
D) of meningitis
E) scarlet fever
3. Clostridia, synthesizing a homogeneous exotoxin, forming on transparent media transparent or slightly grayish colonies with a rough surface, are pathogens
A) meningitis
B) botulism
C) gas gangrene
D) tetanus
E) scarlet fever
4. Clostridia, synthesizing exotoxin, consisting of tetanolysin and tetanospasmin, are pathogens
A) meningitis
B) botulism
C) gas gangrene
D) scarlet fever
E) tetanus
5. Clostridia of one species, causing sporadic morbidity with high lethality in wound infections, are pathogens
A) gas gangrene
B) botulism
C) tetanus
D) of meningitis
E) scarlet fever
6. Pyoinflammatory diseases, after which the post-infection immunity is persistent and prolonged
A) tetanus
B) food poisoning
C) sepsis
D) osteomyelitis
E) gonorrhea
7. Pathogens causing gas gangrene
A) C. botulinum, S. novyi
B) S. novyi, S. sordellii
C) C. septicum, C. tetani
D) C. sordellii, C. botulinum
E) C. tetani, C. septicum
8. The number of serological types of toxins in
C. botulinum
A) 6
B) 10
C) 8
D) 5
E) 4
9. The causative agent, whose spores are located terminally
A) C. tetani
B) C. novyi
C) C. septicum
D) C. sordellii
E) C. botulinum
10. Bacteria with subterminal spores, producing specific for each species of toxins that release enzymes (collagenase, hyaluronidase, deoxyribonuclease) are pathogens
A) scarlet fever
B) botulism
C) tetanus
D) of meningitis
E) gas gangrene
Lesson№ 3
1. Topic: Infectious agents of intestinal infections - MDD of acute diarrheal infections caused by Escherichia, Shigella, Salmonella.
2. Aim: To master microbiological diagnostics of escherichiosis, dysentery, salmonellosis, typhoid fever, paratyphoid.
3. Objectives: To teach methods of laboratory diagnosis of escherichiosis, dysentery, salmonellosis, typhoid fever, paratyphoid.
4. Main questions of the topic:
1. General characteristics of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
2. Morphology and cultural properties of Escherichia coli.
3. Biochemical properties and antigenic structure of Escherichia coli.
4. Factors of pathogenicity of diarrheal E. coli.
5. Categories of diarrhea E. coli.
6. Features of immunity in escherichiosis.
7. Microbiological diagnosis of colibenitis and escherichiosis.
8. Treatment and prevention of escherichiosis.
9. Morphology and cultural properties of Shigella.
10. Biochemical properties and antigenic structure of shigella.
11. Resistance and epidemiology of dysentery.
12. Factors of shigella pathogenicity.
13. Pathogenesis, clinic and postinfectious immunity of dysentery.
14. Microbiological diagnosis of dysentery.
15. Treatment and prevention of dysentery.
16. General characteristics and classification of the genus Salmonella.
17. Morphology and cultural signs of pathogens of typhoid and paratyphoid.
18. Biochemical properties and antigenic structure of pathogens of typhoid and paratyphoid.
19. Resistance and epidemiology of pathogens of typhoid and paratyphoid.
20. Factors of pathogenicity of pathogens of typhoid and paratyphoid.
21. Pathogenesis, clinic and postinfectious immunity of typhoid paratyphoid diseases.
22. Microbiological diagnosis of typhoparathyphoid diseases.
23. Treatment and prevention of typhoid paratyphoid diseases.
24. Features of pathogenesis and immunity of salmonellosis.
25. Laboratory diagnostics, treatment and prevention of salmonellosis.
5. Methods of learning and teaching: discussion, mute maps
6. Literature:
1. Borisov L.B. Medical microbiology, virology, immunology .- Moscow: MIA, 2002.- 734 p. - pp. 376-396, 406-409.
2. Korotyaev A.I., Babichev S.L. Medical microbiology, immunology and virology. - SPb .: Spec. lit., 2000.- 591 p. - pp. 373-394.
3. Medical Microbiology / Ch. Ed. IN AND. Pokrovsky, O.K. Pozdeev. - Moscow: GEOTAR MEDICINE, 1998, 2001, 2006. - 1200 p.
4. Tets V.V. A Guide to Practical Studies in Medical Microbiology, Virology and Immunology - M.: Medicine, 2002. - 352 p.
5. Computer program "Diamorph" - "Medical microbiology" - atlas-guidance on the bacteriology of mycology, protozoology and virology, edited by acad. prof. Vorobyeva A.A.
6. Borisov LB, Kozmin-Sokolov BV, Freidlin IS A guide to laboratory studies in medical microbiology, virology, immunology. - M .: Medicine, 1993. - pages 175-188, 193-198.
7. MA Mayansky Microbiology for doctors. - Nizhny Novgorod: Publishing house of the Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 1999. - 400 p.
7. Exam (questions, tests, tasks, etc.)
1. A microbe culture is isolated from the red colony on Endo's medium, which gives agglutination reactions with the complex serum O 55+ O26 + O3. What kind of disease is involved and how to determine the causative agent of the disease?
2. In the children's team there is an outbreak of OCI, corresponding to the clinical picture of dysentery. Disease in time is associated with the arrival of a new nanny.
1) What microbiological research needs to be done to investigate outbreaks?
2) Who should be subjected to bacteriological examination?
3. In the environment of Russell, glucose was decomposed to acid and gas, hydrogen sulphide was formed. What kind of environment does the species have and what microbe it has?
4. Vidal's reaction is positive with diagnosis of typhus "C" in serum dilution
1: 200, with diagnostic A in the dilution 1: 100. Justify your diagnosis.
5. As a result of eating ice cream, an outbreak of intestinal infection occurred, which was characterized by a wide range of forms of manifestation of the clinical course. In the laboratory study of ice cream, as well as materials from the patient, Gram-negative, mobile, non-capsule sticks were isolated. The optimum cultivation temperature is up to 20-26 ° C. Identification shows that bacteria ferment sorbose, inositol, have a cut activity, cleave urea, decarboxylate the amino acid - ornithine. Determine the taxonomic identity of the selected culture. Justify your clinical diagnosis with laboratory data. Give your advice on the localization and elimination of the outbreak of OCI.
6. In summer, the outbreak was marked in the city by the type of food toxic-infection with diarrhea syndrome, the reasons for which were food and dairy products stored in the refrigerators. In laboratory studies of excrement from patients and food products on dense nutrient media with antibiotics (polymyxin B and linkomation) during anaerobic cultivation, microorganisms are isolated Gram-negative, thin, spiral sticks with 1-2 scrolls, mobile, not forming capsules. Enzymatic features: do not break down carbohydrates, have oxidase and catalase activity, do not liquefy gelatin, do not split urea. Determine the generic and species belonging of the selected culture. Justify the cause of the outbreak.
Tests:
1. The category of Escherichia coli that causes a disease that proceeds according to the type of cholera-like diarrhea
A) enterotoxigenic
B) enteroinvasive
C) enteropathogenic
D) enterohemorrhagic
E) enteroherapeutic
2. Bacteria growing on Endo medium in the form of dark crimson with metallic shine of colonies
A) Yersinia
B) Salmonella
C) Shigella
D) Campylobacter
E) E. coli
3. Shigella, not fermenting mannitol
A) shigella boudi
B) Shigella Sonne
C) Shigella Flexner
D) shigella dysentery
4. The bacterium on the ability to ferment xylose and arabinose is divided into 4 biochemical types
A) dysentery bacillus
B) paratyphoid bacillus
C) E. coli
D) typhoid bacillus
E) cholera vibrio
5. A bacterium having a surface antigen, which is called an antigen of virulence
A) E. coli
B) paratyphoid bacillus
C) typhoid bacillus
D) dysentery bacillus
E) cholera vibrio
6. Bacteria that have two types of H-antigens: I-phase, II-phase
A) Shigella
B) Escherichia
C) Salmonella
D) Yersinia
E) Campylobacter
7. Family of enterobacteria, numbering more than 2200 serovariants
A) Escherichia
B) Salmonella
C) Shigella
D) Yersinia
E) Campylobacter
8. Disease arising from eating food infected with microorganisms, characterized by gastroenteritis and impairment
water-salt exchange
A) botulism
B) food poisoning
C) tetanus
D) gas gangrene
E) food intoxication
9. Acute gastroenteritis resulting from eating food that contains only bacterial toxins
A) tetanus
B) botulism
C) food intoxication
D) gas gangrene
E) food poisoning
10. Only in typhoid and some other enterobacteria occur
A) Vi antigen
B) S-antigen
C) protective antigens
D) H antigen
E) K-antigen
Lesson№ 4
1. Topic: Foodborne toxic infections caused by Salmonella and Proteus. Staphylococcus and Clostridium. MDB cholera. MDD of acute diarrheal infections caused by Yersinia and Campylobacter .
2. Aim: To master microbiological diagnostics of PTI and cholera.
3. Objectives: To teach methods of laboratory diagnosis of PTI and cholera.
4. Main questions of the topic:
1. Biological properties of proteas.
2. Laboratory diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by the prosthesis.
3. Microorganisms that cause foodborne toxic infections, sources and routes of infection of foodborne toxic infections caused by Salmonella and Proteus. Staphylococcus and Clostridium.
4. Pathogenesis of foodborne toxic infections caused by Salmonella and Proteus. Staphylococcus and Clostridium.
5. Laboratory diagnostics of food toxic infections.
6. Treatment and prevention of food poisoning.
7. Classification, morphology and cultural properties of campylobacteria.
8. Biochemical properties and antigenic structure of campylobacteria.
9. Resistance and epidemiology of campylobacteria.
10. Pathogenicity factors, pathogenesis, clinic and immunity in campylobacteriosis.
11. Laboratory diagnostics of campylobacteriosis.
12. Prevention and treatment of campylobacteriosis.
13. Biological properties of Yersinia enterocolitica.
14. Pathogenicity factors, pathogenesis, clinic and immunity in yersiniosis.
15. Laboratory diagnostics of iersiniosis.
16. Prevention and treatment of yersiniosis.
17. Classification, morphology and cultural properties of the genus - Vibrio.
18. Biochemical properties of vibrios.
19. Antigenic structure of cholera vibrios.
20. Factors of V. cholerae pathogenicity.
21. Resistance and epidemiology of cholera vibrios.
22. Pathogenesis, clinic and immunity in cholera.
23. Features of sampling, preservation and transportation of the test material in cholera to the laboratory.
24. Bacterioscopic, bacteriological study of the material in cholera.
25. Methods used for the rapid diagnosis of cholera and the detection of vibrio-carrying.
26. Preparations used for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cholera.
5. Methods of learning and teaching: discussion, mute maps
6. Literature:
1. Borisov L.B. Medical microbiology, virology, immunology .- Moscow: MIA, 2002.- 734 p. - pages 403-405, 409-414.
2. Korotyaev A.I., Babichev S.L. Medical microbiology, immunology and virology. - SPb .: Spec. lit., 2000.- 591 p. - pp. 359-361, 394-406.
3. Medical Microbiology / Ch. Ed. IN AND. Pokrovsky, O.K. Pozdeev. - Moscow: GEOTAR MEDICINE, 1998, 2001, 2006. - 1200 p.
4. Tets V.V. A Guide to Practical Studies in Medical Microbiology, Virology and Immunology - M.: Medicine, 2002. - 352 p.
5. Computer program "Diamorph" - "Medical microbiology" - atlas-guidance on the bacteriology of mycology, protozoology and virology, edited by acad. prof. Vorobyeva A.A.
6. Borisov LB, Kozmin-Sokolov BV, Freidlin IS A guide to laboratory studies in medical microbiology, virology, immunology. - Moscow: Medicine, 1993. - pp. 188-193.
7. MA Mayansky Microbiology for doctors. - Nizhny Novgorod: Publishing house of the Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 1999. - 400 p.
7. Exam (questions, tests, tasks, etc.)
1. A culture with suspected cholera vibrio is isolated. Colonies are transparent, peptone water film. The culture is agglutinated with O-cholera serum. What additional properties are needed to determine the properties of the isolated culture for laboratory confirmation of the cholera vibrio?
Tests:
1. For the identification of cholera vibrio, the following sera are used, except
A) H-serum
B) O-serum
C) OR serum
D) type specific serum Inaba
E) type-specific serum Ogawa
2. Vibrio cholerae on a liquid medium forms
A) thin film
B) turbidity
C) solid sediment on the bottom
D) a film with downward filaments
E) a precipitate in the form of flakes
3. Gram-negative bacillus, which has four biovar
A) E. coli
B) Vibrio cholerae
C) Shigella
D) Yersinia
E) Campylobacter
4. Indicate the factors responsible for the development of diarrhea in cholera
A) the effect of exotoxin
B) intestinal epithelial invasion
C) circulation in the bloodstream
D) formation of intestinal wall defects
E) the action of endotoxin
5. Optimum conditions for the cultivation of Campylobacter
A) microaerophilic conditions, temperature 42 ° С
B) aerobic conditions; temperature 37 ° С
C) anaerobic conditions; temperature 37 ° С
D) aerobic conditions; temperature 20 ° С
E) anaerobic conditions; temperature 20 ° С
6. Pathogens causing cholera disease
A) V. fluvialis
B) V. proteus
C) V. eltor
D) V. alginolyticus
E) V. albensis
7. Gram-negative rod, which has three serovars for O1-antigen: Ogawa, Inaba, Gikoshima, is the causative agent
A) typhoid fever and paratyphoid
B) dysentery
C) yersiniosis
D) cholera
E) Escherichiosis
8. Gram-negative rod, synthesizing toxin, causing hypersecretion of water and chlorides in the lumen of the intestine, diarrhea, dehydration of the body
A) shigella
B) E. coli
C) Salmonella
D) Yersinia
E) Vibrio
9. Biovars of the pathogen, differentiated by sensitivity to phage, polymyxin, agglutination of chicken erythrocytes, is the causative agent
A) cholera
B) Escherichiosis
C) typhoid fever and paratyphoid
D) yersiniosis
E) dysentery
10. Disease prevented by a combination vaccine consisting of O1 antigen and toxoid
A) Cholera
B) dysentery
C) Escherichiosis
D) iersiniosis
E) typhoid fever and paratyphoid
Lesson№ 5
1.Topic: Airborne bacterial infections. MDI of meningococcal pneumococcal infection and mycoplasmal, rickettsial and chlamydial and klebsialnoy pneumonia.
2. Aim: To master the microbiological diagnosis of meningitis, gonorrhea, diseases caused by proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
3. Objectives: To teach methods of laboratory diagnosis of meningococcal infection, gonorrhea, diseases caused by proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
4. Main questions of the topic:
1. Morphological and cultural properties of meningococci.
2. Biochemical properties and antigenic structure of meningococci.
3. Resistance and epidemiology of meningococci.
4. Pathogenicity factors of meningococci.
5. Features of pathogenesis and clinic of immunity of meningococcal infections.
6. Collection of pathological material and bacterioscopic examination of meningococcal infection.
7. Bacteriological examination with meningitis.
8. Serologic examination with meningitis.
9. Specific prophylaxis and treatment for meningococcal infection.
10. Biological properties of pneumococci. Factors of pathogenicity of meningococci.
11. Features of pathogenesis and the clinic of immunity
12. Biological properties of mycoplasmas. Pathogenicity factors and features of pathogenesis and clinic of immunity of mycoplasmosis.
13. Biological properties of rickettsia. Pathogenicity factors and features of pathogenesis and the clinic of immunity of rickettsiosis
14. Biological properties of chlamydia. Factors of pathogenicity and features of pathogenesis and clinic of immunity of chlamydiosis
15. Comparative characteristics and MDI of meningococcal pneumococcal infection and mycoplasmal, rickettsial and chlamydia and klebsialnoy pneumonia.
5. Methods of learning and teaching: Situational tasks, presentations
6. Literature:
1. Borisov L.B. Medical microbiology, virology, immunology .- Moscow: MIA, 2002.- 734 p. - pp. 370-376, 396-400, 418-420.
2. Korotyaev A.I., Babichev S.L. Medical microbiology, immunology and virology. - SPb .: Spec. lit., 2000.- 591 p. - pp. 324-346,348-354.
3. Medical Microbiology / Ch. Ed. IN AND. Pokrovsky, O.K. Pozdeev. - Moscow: GEOTAR MEDICINE, 1998, 2001, 2006. - 1200 p.
4. Tets V.V. A Guide to Practical Studies in Medical Microbiology, Virology and Immunology - M.: Medicine, 2002. - 352 p.
5. Computer program "Diamorph" - "Medical microbiology" - atlas-guidance on the bacteriology of mycology, protozoology and virology, edited by acad. prof. Vorobyeva A.A.
6. Borisov LB, Kozmin-Sokolov BV, Freidlin IS A guide to laboratory studies in medical microbiology, virology, immunology. - Moscow: Medicine, 1993. - pp. 170-173, 191-193.
7. MA Mayansky Microbiology for doctors. - Nizhny Novgorod: Publishing house of the Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, 1999. - 400 p.
7. Exam (questions, tests, tasks, etc.)
1. For the study, the patient received sputum from the patient with pneumonia. The material was infected with white mice intraperitoneally. After 10 hours, the mice died. From the internal organs were allocated pairs of cocci, lanceolate, surrounded by a capsule, Gram-positive. Which pathogen is excreted? How can you find out capsules?
2. The patient entered the hospital with the following clinical symptoms: temperature 39 ° C, chills, severe headache, agitation, motor anxiety. From the first day of the disease, there was profuse, repeated vomiting. There is general hyperesthesia (hypersensitivity to light, noise, hyperesthesia of the skin). On the second day of the disease, stiff neck muscles appeared. A preliminary clinical diagnosis was made: meningococcal meningitis. To confirm the clinical diagnosis, the patient was taken as a test material, the cerebrospinal fluid, mucus from the pharynx and nose, blood. Microscopy of the smear of the sediment of cerebrospinal fluid, colored with usual aniline paints (methylene blue, basic fuchsin), showed the presence of diplococci located inside the leukocytes. The sowing of the material was carried out before the etiotropic therapy, immediately after the material was taken.
1. Is this correct?
2. What properties of the microbe are taken into account? Sowing of the test material was performed on serum nutrient agar 48 hours after incubation of the crops at 37 ° C, colony size as large as a pinhead, with a blue tint and even margins. Typical colonies were resected in a test tube with chamfered agar to produce a pure culture that grew only in the presence of native protein, from glucose and maltose carbohydrates, fermented to acid. Based on these properties, the isolated culture was identified as N. meningitidis.
3. Is this conclusion justified?
4. What kind of research, and at what stage is it necessary to conduct?
5. What should be added to the culture medium with serum?
6. Which microorganisms need to differentiate the pathogens of meningitis?
7. 7. How to conduct rapid diagnostics?
8. What reaction is used to confirm the diagnosis in the serological examination of patients?
9. How is treatment and prevention of meningitis carried out?
10. In the city of N. the case of an infectious disease with the following symptoms is noted: temperature, intoxication, severe headache, manifestations of rose-oleo-petechial rash, characteristic of these patients in the RSK in parallel with two antigens (from rickettsia Provacek and rickettsia Muzer) - positive result with antigens from rickettsia Provachek. When the male guinea pigs were infected with the patient's blood, only fever was noted in them. Justify the laboratory and clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease you have established. Justify the recommendations for preventive measures, taking into account the prevalence of lice.
11. In the cattle-breeding industry cases of the disease, a fever of an unclear etiology are noted. Later on, workers caring for these animals developed influenza-like diseases with predominant lung involvement. In a laboratory study of the blood of sick people and animals through a biological sample, they were subsequently isolated through chick embryos of the rickettsia of Burnet. Justify the source of infection of people and the diagnosis of the disease. Define treatment and prevention activities. Recommend general and specific preventive measures, taking into account the laboratory data and the nature of the disease.
Tests:
1. Gram-negative pyogenic diplococci, having the form of coffee beans, causing inflammation of the meninges
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Streptococci
C) meningococci
D) pneumococci
E) gonococci
2. Diplococci growing on the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx of the human carrier, poorly stable in the environment
A) meningococci
B) pneumococci
C) Streptococcus
D) Proteus
E) Staphylococci
1. Gram-negative cocci forming on the surface of serum agar gentle colorless colonies of viscous consistency
A) pneumococci
B) Streptococci
C) Staphylococci
D) meningococci
E) gonococci
4. Infectious disease, in which the study of cerebrospinal fluid for the presence of antigens in it
A) gonorrhea
B) erysipelas
C) scarlet fever
D) pneumonia
E) meningococcal infection
5.Genodnye cocci growing only on media enriched with carbohydrates, blood, serum, ascitic fluid
A) meningococci
B) gonococci
C) Streptococcus
D) Staphylococci
E) peptococci
6. The capsule of pneumococci is detected
A) by plasmolysis of the cell
B) Gram staining
C) Capsule swelling phenomenon
D) microscopy in a living state
E) by the Tsily-Nielsen method
7. Gram-positive diplococci, differentiated by capsulin antigen by 85 serovars
A) pneumococci
B) Streptococci
C) Staphylococci
D) of the gonococcus
E) meningococci
8. Properties of C. trachomatis, allowing to detect it inside the affected cell
A) the presence of a thick cell wall visible in native preparations
B) unique features revealed by Gram staining
C) lack of ability to form ATP
D) aggregation of elementary bodies
E) the ability to synthesize significant amounts of glycogen
9. Structure providing infectiousness of chlamydia
A) elementary bodies
B) body of inclusions
C) glycogen bodies
D) aggregated bodies
E) the initial bodies
10. Zoonotic rickettsiosis, characterized by a polymorphic clinical picture with predominant lung involvement
A) trachoma
B) epidemic typhus
C) mycoplasmosis
D) Ornithosis
E) Ku fever
11. Burnett's Rickettsia resistant to physical and chemical factors that persist in the environment for a long time are pathogens
A) epidemic typhus
B) Ku-fever
C) mycoplasmosis
D) Ornithosis
E) trachoma
12. Rickettsiosis, characterized by natural and agricultural foci
A) Ornithosis
B) epidemic typhus
C) mycoplasmosis
D) Ku fever
E) trachoma
13. Rickettsiosis, transmitted by air-dust contact and food routes
A) trachoma
B) epidemic typhus
C) mycoplasmosis
D) Ornithosis
E) Ku fever
Lesson№ 6.
1. Topic: MDD pertussis diphtheria and tuberculosis and leprosy.
2. Aim: To master microbiological diagnostics of pathogens of diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis and leprosy, specific prevention and treatment.
3. Objectives: To teach methods of laboratory diagnosis of pertussis diphtheria, tuberculosis and leprosy
4. Main questions of the topic:
1. Morphology and cultural properties of the causative agent of diphtheria.
2. Biochemical activity and antigenic structure of corynebacteria.
3. Resistance and epidemiology of diphtheria.
4. Factors of pathogenicity of the causative agent of diphtheria.
5. Features of pathogenesis and clinic, post-infection immunity in diphtheria and methods for its evaluation.
6. How is the microbiological examination performed with diphtheria?
7. How toxigenicity of diphtheria bacteria is determined.
8. Treatment and prevention of diphtheria.
9. Morphology and cultural signs of causative agents of pertussis and paracottus.
10. Biochemical activity and antigenic structure of Bordetella.
11. Resistance and epidemiology of Bordetell.
12. Factors of pathogenicity of Bordetella.
13. Pathogenesis, clinic and immunity of pertussis and paracottus.
14. Microbiological diagnosis of pertussis.
15. Based on which characteristics are identified and differentiated pertussis and paracolitic pathogens.
16. Serological methods of pertussis diagnosis.
17. Treatment and prevention of pertussis and paracottus.
18. Modern classification of mycobacteria.
19. Morphology and tinctorial properties of the causative agent of tuberculosis.
20. Methods of cultivation of tuberculous bacteria.
21. Biochemical properties and antigenic structure of mycobacteria tuberculosis.
22. Resistance and epidemiology of tuberculosis.
23. Factors of pathogenicity of the causative agent of tuberculosis.
24. Features of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
25. Features of immunity in tuberculosis.
26. Features of bacterioscopic diagnosis of mycobacteria tuberculosis.
27. What are the methods of enrichment or flotation with the microscopy of the material.
28. Features of bacteriological research in tuberculosis.
29. Give a description of the method of accelerated bacteriological diagnosis of tuberculosis (Price method).
30. Signs used to identify and differentiate mycobacterium tuberculosis.
31. Allergic tests used for tuberculosis, their mechanism and technique of setting.
32. How are tuberculin obtained and used for? What is RDD, its difference from tuberculin Koch.
33. What vaccine is used for active planned prevention of tuberculosis in Kazakhstan?
34. What antibiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs are used to treat tuberculosis? Explain the mechanism of their action. Features of chemotherapy recommended by WHO.
35. How do I determine the sensitivity of tuberculosis mycobacteria to anti-TB drugs? The problem of multiresistence of the causative agent of tuberculosis.
36. Biological features of mycobacterium leprosy. Problems of leprosy in Kazakhstan, its endemic foci.
37. Pathogenesis of leprosy.
38. Features of immunity in leprosy.
39. Features of laboratory diagnosis of leprosy.
40. Prevention and treatment of leprosy.
5. Methods of learning and teaching: presentation
6. Literature:
1. Galaktionov V.T. Immunology. - M. - Ed. "RIC MDK". - 2000. -487
2. Vorobiev A.A. "Microbiology, Immunology" Moscow: MIA, 2002
3. Medical microbiology, virology and immunology. Ed. Vorobyeva A.A. - Moscow: MIA, 2008. - 690 p.
4. Medical microbiology, virology, immunology. Ed. Borisova LB ..- M .: MIA, 2006.-734 p.
5. A.A. Shortanbaev, S.V. Kozhanova "General Immunology", Almaty, 2009
6. R.M. Khaitov "Immunology", Moscow, 2009
7. A. Karaulov "Clinical Immunology and Allergology", Moscow, 2002
Additional:
1. D. Mail, J. Brostoff, D.B. Roit "Immunology", Moscow, 2007
2. N.V. Medunitsyn "Vaccinology", Moscow, 2004
3. D.H. Playfler "Visual Immunology", 2008
4. E. Chepel "Fundamentals of Clinical Immunology", 2008
5. R.M. Khaitov "Clinical Allergology", Moscow, 2002
6. G.B. Fedoseev "Allergology", St. Petersburg, 2001
7. Gordan Ada, Alistair Ramsay "Vaccines, vaccination and immune response", Moscow, 2002
8. S.A. Ketlinsky, A.S. Simbirtsev "Cytokines", St. Petersburg, 2008
9. K.A. Lebedev, I.D. Ponyakina "Immune Deficiency", Moscow, 2003
10. A.A. Totolyan, I.S. Freidlin "Cells of the immune system" I-II, SPb, 2000
11. G.T. Kaliakbarova "Cytokines", Almaty, 2004
12. G.T. Balpanova "Fundamentals of Transplantation Immunity. System HLA », Almaty, 2003
13. B.B. Bizhigitova "The role of the complement system and antigen-presenting cells in the immune response", Almaty, 2006
14. S.G. Mukhambetova, A.S. Karakushikova, Kozhanova SV, Sadvakasova GS "Assessment of the immune status of a person in a clinic", Almaty, 2005
Дата: 2018-12-21, просмотров: 424.