1. Сын сестры моего друга - студент.

2. Жену моего брата зовут Анна.

3. Имя сына моего бывшего одноклассника странное.

4. Книги сына моего друга всегда чистые.

5. Оценки сыновей этого инженера только отличные.

6. Квартира дочери моей золовки большая.

7. Комната Лены и Ани светлая.

8. Романы Диккенса и Лондона хорошо известны.

9. Имя бывшего мужа моей подруги - Алексей.

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

We find the following personal pronouns in English:

I and we are said to be the pronouns of the 1^st person, i.e. a person (or persons) who speaks (speak).

You is said to be the pronoun of the 2^nd person, i.e. a person (persons) spoken to. He, she, it and they are said to be the pronouns of the 3^rd person, i.e. a person (persons) or a thing (things) spoken about.

We distinguish singular and plural personal pronouns. Singular personal pronouns refer to one person or thing and plural personal pronouns refer to more than one person or thing. The pronouns I, we, you, he and she are mainly used for persons. I, we and you are indifferent to gender, while he is masculine and she feminine.

The pronoun it is used for animals, concrete things and abstract notions, i.e. it refers to neuter nouns.

The pronoun they is used for persons, animals and things and is indifferent to gender.

The personal pronouns are used as nouns in the sentence.

The personal pronouns have the category of case. There are two cases for personal pronouns – the nominative case and the objective case.

The forms of the nominative case function in the sentence as subjects.

e. g. I expect they will laugh at me.

Don’t you know what he's up to?

The forms of the objective case function in the sentence as objects.

e. g. I met him in the street. (direct object)

He gave me some advice (indirect object)

Please, don't tell anyone about us. (prepositional object)

When personal pronouns are used as predicatives or after than, as and but, the nominative case is considered to be very formal; the use of the objective case is preferred in spoken English.

e. g. Who is it? – It’s me.

Do you need anything? - Yes, a secretary that I’ll dictate my piece to. - I’ll be her. You’re better off than them (they).

She is as tall as him (he).

No one can do it but him (he).

But only a nominative case personal pronoun can be used in the following sentence pattern where the pronoun is followed by a clause.

e. g. It was I who did it.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Name the forms of the personal pronouns. Make up sentences with all the pronouns. If a pronoun has the same form in the Nominative and the Objective Case, make up 2 sentences.

Model: She is the Nominative Case.

Her is the Objective Case.

You is the Nominative Case and the Objective Case.

The Singular —it, she, him, you, me, her, I, he.

The Plural —we, them, you, they, us.

Exercise 2. Replace the following nouns by the corresponding personal pronouns.

A family, a daughter, parents, a clog, Robert, people, an orange, fruit, morning, a word, Helen, a boy, the sun, a man, a teacher, sister, a doctor, the King, a grandmother, pets, the Queen, animals, a horse, grammar, a fly, a teenager, police, a boy-friend, paper, a book, news, scissors, weather.

Exercise 3. Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the questions. Fill in the gaps with personal pronouns in the Nominative Case.

Model:

A: Is John a student?

B: No, he is not a student. He is a teacher.