Поможем в ✍️ написании учебной работы

Имя

Поможем с курсовой, контрольной, дипломной, рефератом, отчетом по практике, научно-исследовательской и любой другой работой

Выберите тип работыЧасть дипломаДипломная работаКурсовая работаКонтрольная работаРешение задачРефератНаучно - исследовательская работаОтчет по практикеОтветы на билетыТест/экзамен onlineМонографияЭссеДокладКомпьютерный набор текстаКомпьютерный чертежРецензияПереводРепетиторБизнес-планКонспектыПроверка качестваЭкзамен на сайтеАспирантский рефератМагистерская работаНаучная статьяНаучный трудТехническая редакция текстаЧертеж от рукиДиаграммы, таблицыПрезентация к защитеТезисный планРечь к дипломуДоработка заказа клиентаОтзыв на дипломПубликация статьи в ВАКПубликация статьи в ScopusДипломная работа MBAПовышение оригинальностиКопирайтингДругое

Нажимая кнопку "Продолжить", я принимаю политику конфиденциальности

  1) What is parcel? 

  2) Is “agricultural parcel” a continuous piece of land with a single crop cultivated by a lot of farmers?

  3) What did use the conventional large scale topographic mapping?

  4) Are ortho imagery or ortho photos used to identify agricultural parcels clearly?

  5) What have many countries been used as the main source of information?

Find the English equivalent s of the following Russian

Phrases in the text .

  1)  Небольшой участок земли;  

  2) сельскохозяйственный участок земли; 

  3) единственный владелец;   

    4) географические особенности;   

  5) топографическая карта.

Fill in the gaps with the words from the box.

Each word can be used only once.

146

belonging scale demarcation number ownership parcel difference governments methods delineated

 

 

   1) The __________ parcel serves as the basic land entity for defining responsibilities of the individual and __________ regarding land use and occupancy.

  2) For the Cadastre, __________ is a continuous piece of land __________ to a single owner.

 3) The only __________ is the usage of large __________ topographic mapping instead of ortho products.

4) In the __________ stage, three __________ are used.

5) Grouping together a __________ of neighboring agricultural parcels cultivated by one or several farmers and __________ by the most stable boundaries.

Circle the Odd Word Out.

1) Land‚ parcel, water;

2) a, as, by;

3) that, their, these;

4) following, mapping‚ neighboring;  

5) Block‚ Cadastre, England.

 

Translate the sentences into Russian

using the Participle.

  1) While making his report the spokesperson put down all the necessary data.

  2) The geographic features were determined at once.

  3) Having  done their  job,  urban  planners  began to study a new

land-use article.
                                                 147

 4) The evaluating parcel is the largest one in the area.

    5) Land is of a great value‚ being a basis of agriculture.

Text

Principles of the FAO Methodology for

Land Evaluation

          The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) method is not a ready-made, detailed land evaluation scheme. Instead, it is a flexible framework supplemented by guidelines to create specific evaluations.

       1. Framework: how to carry out an evaluation exercise, including how to select land uses to evaluate and evaluation (map) units. This is contained in the Framework (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1976).

       2. Guidelines (directives): what factors (land qualities) to consider when evaluating for certain general kinds of land uses (e.g. forestry), how to evaluate these qualities. These have been published as Guidelines (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1991).

        3. Evaluations: specific evaluation exercises. These are designed separately for each problem and area, by the local land evaluator (1992).

    These are mostly in reaction to earlier (pre-1973) methods.

        1. Land suitability is assessed and classified with respect to specified kinds of uses (as opposed to a single scale of ‘goodness’ of land).

       2. The suitability classes are defined by economic criteria (as opposed to purely physical criteria; in practice this has rarely been followed).

       3. A multidisciplinary approach is required (in practice, not just soil surveyors).

      4. Evaluations should take into account the physical, economic, social and political context of the area concerned (i.e., don’t evaluate for impossible uses).

       5. Suitability refers to land use on a sustained basis (i.e., can’t deplete the resource base, in practice this is rarely achievable, and this

148

principle is being weakened).

       6. ‘Evaluation’ involves comparison of two or more alternative kinds of use.

The following three key points distinguish the FAO Framework

from previous land classification systems:

       Evaluate separately for each specific use, then compare. There is not one scale of ‘goodness’ of land from ‘excellent’ to ‘poor’; instead one must speak of very suitable through unsuitable land for a specific use. There are no bad land areas, only inappropriate land uses. Many examples of perfectly suited land areas for one use which are extremely unsuited for another. E.g. intensive semi-mechanized irrigated rice areas for urban expansion.

       Land should be evaluated in both physical and economic terms. Ideally, both a physical and an economic land evaluation are undertaken. A physical land evaluation is based only on physical factors that determine whether a land utilization types (LUT) can be implemented on a land area, and the nature and severity of physical limitations or hazards. An economic land evaluation is based on some economic measure of net benefits, should a given LUT be implemented on a given land area.

      The physical evaluation reveals the nature of limitations and hazards, which is useful information to the land manager; however, the economic evaluation reveals the expected economic benefits, which in general drive the decision-making process, or for successful land use.

Exercises