Термодинамические константы веществ
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| Вещество | DH0298, кДж/моль | S0298, Дж/(моль×К) | DG0298, кДж/моль |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Ag(к) | 0,0 | 42,7 | 0,0 |
| Al2O3(к) | -1676,0 | 51,0 | -1582,0 |
| Al2(SO4)3(к) | -3441,8 | 239,2 | -3101 |
| AgNO3 (к) | -124,5 | 140,9 | -33,6 |
| Cграфит | 0,0 | 5,74 | 0,0 |
| СOCl2(г) | -220,3 | 283,9 | -266,9 |
| CS2(ж) | 89,12 | 151,9 | |
| C3H8(г) | -104,0 | 269,9 | -23,49 |
| СН4(г) | -74,86 | 186,19 | -50,79 |
| С2Н2(г) | 226,8 | 200,8 | 209,2 |
| С6Н6(ж) | 49,0 | 124,5 | 172,8 |
| С6Н12О6(к)(глюкоза) | -1273,0 | - | -919,5 |
| С2Н4(г) | 52,3 | 219,4 | 68,1 |
| СО(г) | -110,5 | 197,54 | -137,1 |
| СО2(г) | -393,5 | 213,7 | -394,4 |
| С2Н5ОН(ж) | -277,6 | 160,7 | -174,8 |
| С2Н5ОН(г) | -235,3 | 282,1 | -167,9 |
| С7Н8(ж) | 50,0 | 122,0 | 320,6 |
| СаСО3(к) | -1207,1 | 92,9 | -1128,8 |
| CaS2(к) | -62,8 | 70,2 | -67,8 |
| СаО(к) | -635,5 | 39,7 | -604,2 |
| Са(ОН)2(к) | -986,6 | 83,4 | -898,5 |
| СаSO4(к) | -1431,2 | 106,6 | -1323,9 |
| Cl2(г) | 0,0 | 222,9 | 0,0 |
| Fe(к) | 0,0 | 27,5 | 0,0 |
| FeO(к) | -264,8 | 60,8 | -244,3 |
| Fe2O3(к) | -822,2 | 87,4 | -740,3 |
| Fe3O4(к) | -1117,3 | 146,2 | -1014,2 |
| H2 | 0,0 | 130,52 | 0,0 |
| H2O(г) | -241,8 | 188,7 | -228,6 |
| H2O(ж) | -285,8 | 70,1 | -237,3 |
| H2SO4(ж) | -814,0 | 157,0 | -690,7 |
| KClO3(к) | -391,2 | 143,0 | -289,9 |
| KCl(к) | -435,9 | 82,6 | -408,0 |
| Mg(ОН)2 | -924,7 | 63,17 | -833,7 |
| MgSO4(к) | -1301,4 | 91,6 | -1158,7 |
| MgO(к) | -601,8 | 26,9 | -569,6 |
| NH3(г) | -46,2 | 192,6 | -16,7 |
| NO(г) | 90,25 | 210,6 | 86,6 |
| NO2(г) | 33,5 | 240,2 | 51,5 |
| O2 | 0,0 | 205,0 | 0,0 |
| S(к)(ромб.) | 0 | 31,9 | 0 |
| SO2(г) | -296,9 | 248,1 | -300,2 |
| SO3(г) | -395,8 | 256,7 | -371,2 |
| Ti(к) | 0 | 30,6 | 0 |
| TiO2(к) | -943,9 | 50,3 | -888,6 |
| WO3 | -842,7 | 75,9 | -763,9 |
| SiO2(к)(a-кварц) | -859,3 | 41,8 | -805,0 |
Таблица 2
Константы диссоциации некоторых
Слабых электролитов
| Название | Химическая формула | Константа диссоциации
К1 К2 К3 | ||
| Азотистая кислота | HNO2 | 5,1×10-4 | ||
| Борная | H3BO4 | 5,6×10-10 | ||
| Кремниевая | H2SiO3 | 1,3×10-11 | ||
| Муравьиная | HCOOH | 1,8×10-4 | ||
| Мышьяковая | H3AsO4 | 6,0×10-3 | 1×10-7 | 3,0×10-12 |
| Плавиковая | HF | 6,8×10-4 | ||
| Сероводородная | H2S | 1×10-7 | 1×10-14 | |
| Синильная | HCN | 6,2×10-10 | ||
| Угольная | H2CO3 | 4,5×10-7 | 4,8×10-11 | |
| Уксусная | CH3COOH | 1,8×10-5 | ||
| Фосфорная | H3PO4 | 7,6×10-3 | 6,2×10-8 | 4,2×10-13 |
| Хромовая | H2CrO4 | 1,1×10-1 | 3,2×10-7 | |
| Гидроксид аммония | NH4OH | 1,8×10-5 | ||
Таблица 3
Константы нестойкости ряда комплексных ионов
| Химическая формула | Константа нестойкости |
| [HgCl4]2- | 8,5×10-16 |
| [HgBr4]2- | 1,0×10-21 |
| [HgI4]2- | 1,5×10-30 |
| [Hg(CN)4]2- | 4,0×10-42 |
| [Ag(NH3)2]+ | 9,3×10-8 |
| [Ag(NO2)2]- | 1,3×10-3 |
| [Ag(S2O3)2]3- | 1,1×10-13 |
| [Ag(CN)2]- | 1,1×10-21 |
| [Cu(NH 3)4]2+ | 2,1×10-13 |
| [Cu(CN)4]2- | 9,6×10-29 |
| [Ni(NH 3)4]2+ | 9,1×10-8 |
| [Ni(CN)4]2- | 1,0×10-31 |
Примечание. Перечисленные ионы в водной среде более устойчивы, чем соответствующие им аквакомплексы.
Таблица 4
Стандартные электродные потенциалы Е0 некоторых металлов (ряд напряжений)
| Электрод | Е0,B | Электрод | Е0,B |
| Li+/Li | -3,045 | Ni2+/Ni | -0,25 |
| K+/K | -2,924 | Sn2+/Sn | -0,136 |
| Ba2+/Ba | -2,90 | Pb2+/Pb | -0,127 |
| Ca2+/Ca | -2,87 | Fe3+/Fe | -0,037 |
| Na+/Na | -2,714 | 2H+/H2 | 0,000 |
| Mg2+/Mg | -2,37 | Sb3+/Sb | +0,20 |
| Al3+/Al | -1,70 | Bi3+/Bi | +0,215 |
| Ti2+/Ti | -1,603 | Cu2+/Cu | +0,34 |
| Mn2+/Mn | -1,18 | Cu+/Cu | +0,52 |
| Cr2+/Cr | -0,913 | Hg22+/2Hg | +0,79 |
| Zn2+/Zn | -0,763 | Ag+/Ag | +0,80 |
| Cr3+/Cr | -0,74 | Hg2+/Hg | +0,85 |
| Fe2+/Fe | -0,44 | Pt2+/Pt | +1,19 |
| Cd2+/Cd | -0,403 | Au3+/Au | +1,50 |
| Co2+/Co | -0,277 | Au+/Au | +1,70 |
Таблица 6
Значения электроотрицательностей (χ, 
) и энергий диссоциаций (D, эВ) гомоатомных ковалентных связей атомов щелочных металлов и галогенов
| Щелочной металл | χ |  D
| Галоген | χ | D |
| Li Na K Rb Cs | 0,98 0,85 0,81 0,77 0,65 | 1,14 0,75 0,53 0,51 0,46 | F Cl Br I At | 3,68 3,13 2,99 2,74 2,4 | 1,65 2,52 2,00 1,57 1,23 |
ТАБЛИЦА ВАРИАНТОВ
КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ ЗАДАНИЙ
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
| 0 | 1,11,21, 31,41,51,61,71,81,91,101 ,111,121,131,141, 151,161 ,171,181,191,201 ,211 | 2,12,22, 32,42,52,62,72,82,92,102, 112,122, 132,142, 152,162 ,172,182,192,202, 212 | 3,13,23, 33,43,53,63,73,83,93,103 ,113,123,133,143 ,153,163,173, 183,193 ,203,213 | 4,14,24, 34,44,54,64,74,84,94,104, 114,124, 134,144, 154,164, 174,184 ,194,204,214 | 5,15,25, 35,45,55,65,75,85,95,105, 115,125 ,135,145,155,165 ,175,185,195,205 ,215 | 6,16,26 ,36,46,56,66,76,86,96,106 ,116,126,136,146, 156,166,176,186 ,196,206,216, | 7,17,27 ,37,47,57,67,77,87,97,107 ,117,127,137,147 ,157,167,177,187 ,197,207,217 | 8,18,28, 38,48,58,68,78,88,98,108, 118,128, 138,148 ,158,168,178,188 ,198,208,218 | 9,19,29 ,39,49,59,69,79,89,99,109 ,119,129,139,149 ,159,169,179,189 ,199,209,219 | 10,20,30, 40,50,60, 70,80,90, 100,110 ,120, 130,140 ,150, 160,170 ,180, 190,200 ,210, 220 |
| 1 | 1,12,23, 34,45,56,67,78,89,90,101 ,112,123,134,145, 156,167, 178,189 ,190,201,212 | 2,13,24, 35,46,57,68,79,80,91,102, 113,125, 135,146, 157,168, ,180,191,202,213 172 | 3,14,25, 36,47,58,69,70,81,92,103, 114,125, 136,147, 158,169 ,170,181,192,203 ,214 | 4,15,26, 37,48,59,60,71,82,93,104, 115,126,137,148,159,160,171,182,193,204,215 | 5,16,27, 38,49,50,61,72,83,94,105 ,116,127,138,149 ,150,161,172,183, 194,205, 216 | 6,17,28, 39,40,51,62,73,84,95,106 ,117,128,139,140 ,151,162,173,184, 195,206,217 | 7,18,.29 .30.41.52.63.74.85.96.107 .118.129.130.141. 152.163. 174.185 .196.207.218 | 8,19,21 ,31,42,53,64,75,86,97,108 ,119,120, 131,142, 153,164, 175,186, 197,208, 219 | 9,16,20, 31,42,54,65,76,87, 98,109, 110, 122,133, 144,155,166,177 ,188,199,201,212 | 10,11,21, 31,41,51, 61,71,81, 91,101, 112 121,131, 141, 151,161, 171, 181,191, 200, 211 |
| 2 | 10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100,110, 120, 129,139, 149,159, 169,179, 189,199, 209,219 | 9,19,29, 39,49,59,69,79,89,99,109, 119, 130,140, 150,160, 170,180, 190,200, 210,220 | 8,18,28, 38,48,58,68,78,88,98,108 ,118, 127,137 ,147,157,167,177, 187,197 ,207,217 | 7,17,27, 37,47,57,67,77,87,97,107, 117, 128,138 ,148,158,168,178, 188,198, 208,218 | 6,16,26, 36,46,56,66,76,86,96,106, 116, 125,135 ,145,155,165,175 ,185,195,205,215 | 5,15,25, 35,45,55,65,75,85,95,105, 115, 126,136 ,146,156,166,176 ,186,196,206,216, | 4,14,24, 34,44,54,64,74,84,94,104, 114, 123,133, 143,153, 163,173 ,183,193,203,213 | 3,13,23, 33,43,53,63,73,83,93,103, 113, 124,134, 144,154, 164,174, 184,194, 204,214 | 2,12,22, 32,42,52,62,72,82,92,102 ,112, 121,131, 141,151,161,171, 181,191,201,211 | 1,11,21, 31,41,51, 61,71,81, 91,101, 111,125, 133,147 150 122,132,142,152,162,172, 182, 192, 202, 212 |
| 3 | 10,11,21,31,41,51,61,71,81,91,101, 112,122, 133,144, 155,166 ,177,188,199,201, 212 | 9,20,31, 42,54,65,76,87,98,109,110, 121,131 ,141,151,161,171, 181,191 ,200,211 | 8,19,21, 31,42,53,64,75,86,97,108, 119, 129.130. 141.152. 163.174. 185.196. 207.218 | 7,18,.29 .30.41.52.63.74.85.96.107. 118. 120,131, 142,153, 164,175, 186,197, 208,219 | 6,17,28, 39,40,51,62,73,84,95,106, 117, 127,138, 149,150, 161,172, 183,194 ,205,216 | 5,16,27, 38,49,50,61,72,83,94,105, 116, 128,139, 140,151,162,173, 184,195,206,217 | 4,15,26, 37,48,59,60,71,82,93,104, 115, 125,136, 147,158, 169,170, 181,192, 203,214 | 3,14,25, 36,47,58,69,70,81,92,103, 114, 126,137, 148,159, 160,171, 182,193 ,204,215 | 2,13,24, 35,46,57,68,79,80,91,102, 113, 123,134, 145,156,167,178, 189,190,201,212 | 1,12,23, 34,45,56, 67,78,89, 90,101, 112, 124,135,146,157,168,179 ,180, 191,202, 213 |
| 4 | 3,12,25, 37,48,56,60,73,85,91,106, 118,125, 134,148, 159,163, 172,189, 194,207, 218 | 6,14,29, 35,46,52,61,75,83,91,105, 117,129, 135,145, 157,163, 179,183 ,193,213,207 | 9,14,26, 34,48,59,62,74,86,94,102, 116,129, 135,142, 156.163, 172,188, 197,204 ,216, | 4,17,23, 34,45,56,67,78,89,91,102, 113,127, 138,149, 155,168, 173,184, 199,205 ,216 | 5,15,25, 35,45,55,65,75,85,95,103, 113,123, 133143, 157,167, 177,187, 194,201, 218, | 2,12,22, 34,45,58,69,73,84,95,103, 116,128,136,145, 155,164,179,182, 193,205,214, | 1,14,25, 36,48,59,63,71,90,100,110, 120,130, 140,150, 160,170, 180,190, 200,210, 220 | 8,10,15, 29,34,45,51,62,81,91,102, 113,126 ,138,149,156,164, 173.189, 200,205, 213, | 7,15,30, 34,49,56,64,72,83,91,110, 116,129,135,147, 153,162,171,184, 199,210,218 | 9,17,24, 39,45,57, 69,78,90, 98,102, 119, 121,137 141,160, 167,173, 182,191, 203,219 |
| 5 | 2,12,22, 34,45,58,69,73,84, 95,103, 116, 129,135, 145,157 ,163,179,183,193 ,213,207, | 6,14,29 ,35,46,52,61,75,83,91,105, 117, 128,136 ,145,155,164,179, 182,193 ,205,214, | 3,12,25, 37,48,56,60,73,85,91,106, 118, 129,135 ,145,157,163,179, 183,193, 213,207 | 6,14,29, 35,46,52,61,75,83,91,105, 117, 125,134, 148,159, 163,172, 189,194 ,207,218 | 9,17,24, 39,45,57,69,78,90,98,102, 119, 129 ,138,149,156,164, 173.189, 200,205, 213, | 8,10,15, 29,34,45,51,62,81,91,102, 113, 121,137 141,160, 167,173, 182,191, 203,219 | 2,12,22, 34,45,58,69,73,84,95,103, 116, 123,133143,157, 167,177, 187,194, 201,218 | 5,15,25, 35,45,55,65,75,85,95,103, 113, 128,136, 145,155, 164,179, 182,193, 205,214, | 7,15,30, 34,49,56,64,72,83,91,110, 116, 127,138, 149,155, 168,173, 184,199, 205,216 | 4,17,23, 34,45,56 ,67,78,89, 91,102, 113, 129,135,147, 153,162, 171, 184,199, 210,218 |
| 6 | 6,14,29, 35,46,52,61,75,83,91,105, 117, 129,135, 145,157, 163,179, 183,193, 213,207 | 3,12,25, 37,48,56,60,73,85,91,106, 118, 125,134, 148,159, 163,172, 189,194, 207,218 | 6,14,29, 35,46,52,61,75,83,91,105, 117, 129,135, 145,157, 163,179, 183,193, 213,207 | 2,12,22, 34,45,58,69,73,84,95,103, 116, 128,136, 145,155, 164,179, 182,193, 205,214, | 9,17,24, 39,45,57,69,78,90,98,102, 119, 121,137 141,160, 167,173, 182,191, 203,219 | 8,10,15, 29,34,45,51,62,81,91,102, 113, 129 ,138,149,156,164, 173.189, 200,205, 213, | 4,17,23, 34,45,56,67,78,89,91,102, 113, 127,138, 149,155, 168,173, 184,199, 205,216 | 7,15,30, 34,49,56,64,72,83,91,110, 116, 129,135, 147,153, 162,171, 184,199, 210,218 | 5,15,25, 35,45,55,65,75,85,95,103, 113, 123,133 143,157, 167,177, 187,194, 201,218 | 2,12,22, 34,45,58, 69,73,84, 95,103, 116, 128,136,145, 155,164, 179, 182,193, 205, 214, |
| 7 | 5,15,25,35,45,55,65,75,85,95,103,113,123,133143,157,167,177,187,194,201,218 | 7,15,30,34,49,56,64,72,83,91,110,116, 128,136,145,155,164,179,182,193,205,214, | 2,12,22,34,45,58,69,73,84,95,103,116, 129,135,145,157,163,179,183,193,213,207 | 8,10,15, 129,135,147,153,162,171,184,199,127,138,149,155,168,173,184,199,205,216 | 4,17,23,34,45,56,67,78,89,91,102,113,129 ,138,149,156,164,173.189,200,205,213, | 3,12,25,37,48,56,60,73,85,91,106,118, 125,134,148,159,163,172,189,194,207,218 | 2,12,22,34,45,58,69,73,84,95,103,116, 129,135,145,157,163,179,183,193,213,207 , | 6,14,29,35,46,52,61,75,83,91,105,117, 129,135,147,153,162,171,184,199,210,218 | 9,17,24,39,45,57,69,78,90,98,102,119, 128,136,145,155,164,179,182,193,205,214, | 6,14,29, 35,46, 52,61, 75,83,91, 105,117, 121,137 141,160, 167,173, 182,191, 203,219,, |
| 8 | 4,17,23, 34,45,56,67,78,89,91,102, 113, 128,136, 145,155, 164,179, 182,193, 205,214, | 2,12,22, 34,45,58,69,73,84,95,103, 116, 129,135, 145,157, 163,179, 183,193, 213,207 | 2,12,22, 34,45,58,69,73,84,95,103, 116,128, 136,145, 155,164, 179,182, 193,205 ,214, | 7,15,30, 34,49,56,64,72,83,91,110, 116,125, 134,148, 159,163, 172,189, 194,207, 218 | 5,15,25, 35,45,55,65,75,85,95,103, 113,123, 133143, 157,167, 177,187, 194,201, 218 | 3,12,25, 37,48,56,60,73,85,91,106, 118, 121,137 141,160, 167,173, 182,191, 203,219 | 3,12,25, 37,48,56,60,73,85,91,106, 118, 128,136, 145,155, 164,179, 182,193, 205,214, | 9,17,24, 39,45,57,69,78,90,98,102, 119, 129,135, 145,157, 163,179, 183,193, 213,207 | 6,14,29, 35,46,52,61,75,83,91,105, 117, 129,135, 147,153, 162,171, 184,199, 210,218 | 6,14,29, 35,46,52, 61,75,83, 91,105, 117, 129,135,145,157,163,179, 183,193, 213,207 |
| 9 | 6,14,29, 35,46,52,61,75,83,91,105, 117, 121,137 141,160, 167,173, 182,191, 203,219 | 9,17,24, 39,45,57,69,78,90,98,102, 119, 126,138, 149,156, 164,173. 189,200, 205,213, | 9,17,24, 39,45,57,69,78,90,98,102, 119, 128,136, 145,155, 164,179, 182,193, 205,214, | 8,10,15, 29,34,45,51,62,81,91,102, 113, 129 ,138,149,156,164, 173.189, 200,205, 213, | 8,10,15, 29,34,45,51,62,81,91,102, 113,126 ,138,149,156,164 ,173.189,200,205, 213,, | 4,17,23, 34,45,56,67,78,89,91,102, 113, 121,137 141,160, 167,173, 182,191, 203,219 | 4,17,23, 34,45,56,67,78,89,91,102, 113, 127,138, 149,155, 168,173, 184,199, 205,216 | 2,12,22, 34,45,58,69,73,84,95,103, 116, 127,138 ,149,155,168,173, 184,199 ,205,216 | 3,12,25 ,37,48,56,60,73,85,91,106, 118, 125,134, 148,159, 163,172, 189,194, 207,218 | 3,12,25, 37,48,56, 60,73,85, 91,106, 118, 129,135,145, 157,163, 179, 183,193, 213,207 |
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
I. Общие положения по выполнению контрольных работ…………………………………………………. 3
II. Оформление контрольных работ………………………………………………….… 3
III. Программа для подготовки к экзаменам по химии……………………………………………….….. 4
IV. Список рекомендуемой литературы……………………………………………………. 5
V. Основная часть (содержит примеры решения типовых задач с кратким теоретическим введением в содержание разделов курса химии и контрольные
задания для студентов….……………………..…… 7
VI. Приложение (6 таблиц для выполнения контрольных работ)………………………………………. 131
VII. Таблица вариантов контрольных зада ний…………………………… …… 137
Дата: 2018-11-18, просмотров: 524.
