Переведите текст на русский язык в письменной форме
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2. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы и запишите их (на английском языке):

a) When does the history of mechanical engineering begin?

b) What were the earliest types of machines?

c) What are the four stages of the development of world industry and what are they characterized by?

d) What period of industrial revolution occurs at present?

 

Вариант 4

 

I. Из английских грамматических форм в правой колонке выберите ту видо-временную форму глагола, которую вы употребили бы при переводе следующих русских предложений:

 

1. Я уже написал курсовую работу. a) wrote; b) was writing; c) have written
2. В конце каждого семестра они будут сдавать несколько экзаменов и зачетов. a) will take; b) will be taking; c) will have taken
3. В прошлом месяце я писал курсовую работу. a) was writing b) wrote c) have written
4. Мои друзья ждали меня, чтобы начать завтрак. a) waited b) will wait c) were waiting

 

II. Переведите на английский язык предложения:

 

write, play like live go 1. Том уже написал контрольную работу и играл на телефоне. 2. По вечерам мои приятели любят поиграть в покер. 3. В будущем люди будут жить дольше. 4. Мой сосед собирается купить новую машину.

 

III. Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в зависимости от смысла во времена группы Indefinite (Simple), Continuous или Perfect. Предложения переведите на русский язык.

1. I hope it (to stop) raining by 5 o’clock. 2. He (not to see) me yesterday as he (to read) when I (to come) into the room. 3. The accident (happen) at 10.47 pm on October 23. 4. After the prisoner (jump) out of the window, he (break) his leg.

 

IV. Поставьте глагол to produce  в зависимости от смысла в нужное время (групп Indefinite (Simple), Continuous, Perfect или Perfect Continious) в страдательном залоге. Предложения переведите на русский язык.

 

1. These computers not (to produce) any more. 2. 4,1 mln new computers (to produce) by Apple last year. 3. New iPad (to produce) by 2016. 4. Various welders (to produce) by Miller Electric for home use or mechanic shops. 5. This movie (to produce) by George Lucas. 6. 24 megajoules of energy (to produce) when burning 1 kg of coal.

 

V. Замените в следующих предложениях действительный залог страдательным. Используйте конструкцию с предлогом by.

1. We often refer to this article. 2. They agreed upon the plan. 3. His friends always laugh at him. 4. Careless drivers often cause the car accidents.

 

VI. Трансформируйте следующие предложения в прошедшее и будущее время, используя соответствующую форму модального глагола или его эквивалента.

1. We must pass the examination in Economics. 2. I can translate this text without a dictionary. 3. You may take my pen.

 

VII. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на выражение модальности в английском языке.

1. We had to find a safe place for the pictures. 2. I will have to take a local train. 3. You should follow his advice. 4. I think we had to sell our old car long ago.

 

VIII. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

 

FOUR INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS

 

The history of mechanical engineering goes back to the time when the man first tried to make machines. We can call the earlier rollers, levers and pulleys, for example, the work of mechanical engineering. 

Mechanical engineering, as we understand it today, starts from the first Industrial Revolution.

People have labeled as "revolutions" three episodes in the industrial history of the world and now we are entering the fourth.

The first industrial revolution took place in England between 1760 and 1840. Metal became the main material of the engineer instead of wood, and steam gave man great reserves of power. This power could drive not only railway engines and ships but also the machines which built them.

In the second revolution, from 1880 to 1920, electricity was the technical driving force. It provided power for factories that was easier and cheaper to control than steam. It was marked also by the growing importance of science-based industries such as chemicals and electrical goods, and the use of scientifically-designed production methods such as semi-automatic assembly lines. 

The third industrial revolution coincided with the advent of automation — in its inflexible form. In this revolution, the main features were advances in the control of manufacturing processes so that things could be made more cheaply, with greater precision and (often) with fewer people. And this change which occurred around the middle of this century, also featured a new machine that was to greatly influence the world, the electronic computer. 

The fourth industrial revolution will be characterized by automated machines that are versatile and programmable and can make different things according to different sets of computer instructions. It will be characterized by flexible, automated machinery, the most interesting example of which are robots.

 

Дата: 2019-07-24, просмотров: 218.