2. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы и запишите их (на английском языке):

a) Why is it important for scientists to cooperate with industry?

b) Why does an engineer have to continue his education after receiving a diploma?

c) What is the role of science in manufacture?

d) What is the best way to process new technologies?

Вариант 3

I. Из английских грамматических форм в правой колонке выберите ту видо-временную форму глагола, которую вы употребили бы при переводе следующих русских предложений:

II. Переведите на английский язык предложения:

III. Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в зависимости от смысла во времена группы Indefinite (Simple), Continuous или Perfect. Предложения переведите на русский язык.

1. What you (to do) here? – I (to wait) for my friend. 2. Ships (to travel) from Odessa to Batumi in 3 days. 3. He isn’t here, he just (to go) out. 4. At 2 o’clock tomorrow I (to have) an English lesson.

IV. Поставьте глагол to produce  в зависимости от смысла в нужное время (групп Indefinite (Simple), Continuous, Perfect или Perfect Continious) в страдательном залоге. Предложения переведите на русский язык.

1. These computers not (to produce) any more. 2. 4,1 mln new computers (to produce) by Apple last year. 3. New iPad (to produce) by 2016. 4. Various welders (to produce) by Miller Electric for home use or mechanic shops. 5. This movie (to produce) by George Lucas. 6. 24 megajoules of energy (to produce) when burning 1 kg of coal.

V. Замените в следующих предложениях действительный залог страдательным. Используйте конструкцию с предлогом by.

1. They always inform me about important events. 2. I bought this book a week ago. 3. We will discuss your report next week. 4. They have sold their car to pay debts.

VI. Трансформируйте следующие предложения в прошедшее и будущее время, используя соответствующую форму модального глагола или его эквивалента.

1. We must pass the examination in Economics. 2. I can translate this text without a dictionary. 3. You may take my pen.

VII. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на выражение модальности в английском языке.

1. The children cannot carry this box. It’s too heavy. 2. Don’t go to the wood alone. You may lose your way. 3. Don’t ring him up; he must be very busy. 4. He is to go to the Far East on business.

VIII. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

FOUR INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS

The history of mechanical engineering goes back to the time when the man first tried to make machines. We can call the earlier rollers, levers and pulleys, for example, the work of mechanical engineering. 

Mechanical engineering, as we understand it today, starts from the first Industrial Revolution.

People have labeled as "revolutions" three episodes in the industrial history of the world and now we are entering the fourth.

The first industrial revolution took place in England between 1760 and 1840. Metal became the main material of the engineer instead of wood, and steam gave man great reserves of power. This power could drive not only railway engines and ships but also the machines which built them.

In the second revolution, from 1880 to 1920, electricity was the technical driving force. It provided power for factories that was easier and cheaper to control than steam. It was marked also by the growing importance of science-based industries such as chemicals and electrical goods, and the use of scientifically-designed production methods such as semi-automatic assembly lines. 

The third industrial revolution coincided with the advent of automation — in its inflexible form. In this revolution, the main features were advances in the control of manufacturing processes so that things could be made more cheaply, with greater precision and (often) with fewer people. And this change which occurred around the middle of this century, also featured a new machine that was to greatly influence the world, the electronic computer. 

The fourth industrial revolution will be characterized by automated machines that are versatile and programmable and can make different things according to different sets of computer instructions. It will be characterized by flexible, automated machinery, the most interesting example of which are robots.