Глагол to need (нуждаться, требоваться) в вопросительных, отрицательных, а также в утвердительных предложениях (часто с наречиями: hardly, scarcely – едва ли) выражает необходимость совершения действия и переводится: нужно, не нужно, едва ли).

Примеры: New motors are needed for this work – для этой работы требуются новые двигатели; you need hardly remind me of it – Вам едва ли надо напоминать мне об этом.

      Глагол would в качестве модального имеет значение вероятности или необходимости действия и переводится на русский язык: может, мог бы, вероятно, должен.

Пример: In the near future, there would be a great demand for computer specialists – в ближайшем будущем, вероятно, будет большой спрос на специалистов – компьютерщиков.

Примечание: кроме того, would  в качестве вспомогательного используется для образования сослагательного наклонения (см. п. 6), а также может служить для образования относительного будущего времени по правилу согласования времен и в этом случае указывает на будущее время:

Man always thought that he would conquer space – человек всегда верил, что он завоюет космическое пространство.

          Would (=used to) иногда используется для обозначения постоянно повторяющихся действий в прошлом:

Пример: In summer, if the weather was fine, we would all get up early and go for a swim – летом, если погода была хорошая, мы, как правило, рано вставали и шли купаться.

         Would употребляется во всех лицах в отрицательных предложениях для выражения упорного нежелания, отказа выполнить действие, обозначенное инфинитивом последующего глагола.

Пример: He wouldn ’ t listen to me, and I wanted to warn him! – он не слушал (не захотел, отказался слушать), а я хотела предупредить его!

        Would употребляется во 2-м лице для выражения просьбы.

Пример: Would you mind to show me your contactless payment system? – покажите мне, пожалуйста, Вашу бесконтактную систему оплаты?

Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения:

1. A data template (шаблон с информацией) in the software needs to be constructed before the end of next month.

2. About 50 years ago pilots would fly only in good weather.

3. They would walk streets for hours.

4. A voltmeter would read 8 volts.

5. There was something wrong with computer, it would not to be switched on.

6. You needn`t have done it.

7. The train ought to have left.

8. You might have told me about it long ago.

9. This theorem may have been proved centuries ago.

10. The requirement may have been met* in the previous experiment.

Примечание: модальность в английском языке может быть выражена с помощью некоторых словосочетаний, например: to be able (см. выше), it is necessary (необходимо),

to be bound (должен, вынужден, обязательно, непременно).

5.2. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания и предложения:

а) 1. The central systems must handle many functions. 2. The following factors must be considered. 3. You must not execute the model code in this manner. 4. Time available has to be used for processing lower priority tasks. 5. A real – time program does not have to differ from the planned one . 6. You should study the instruction. 7. The evolution of the computer hardware is to influence programming languages. 8. The Internet is to offer a rapidly growing collection of information. 9. It is necessary to develop a new model. 10. Much work can be accomplished on such a terminal without keyboarding information. 11. The new device would become more powerful. 12. Space rockets are bound to assist in advancing our knowledge of the universe. 14. The mouse is bound to disappear in the next few years. 15. We also need not to be able to combine these two values.

b) Mobile enterprise apps could change the way companies do business. Instead of clunky laptops or stacks of paper, employees can use tablet computers in meetings to provide a visual snapshot of products or projections. Salespeople can access up-to-the-minute inventory data needed to make a sale. They can also instantly record transactions in the company’s system as they happen, rather than* waiting until the end of the week when they could forget vital information.

c) But the logistics of setting up an app system has other challenges as well*. Should apps be outsourced or created in-house? Should the company create an internal program, similar to iTunes, where apps can be downloaded? How do you ensure updates are continually pushed onto devices? And, most importantly, how do you persuade employees to use apps?

d)  As the wireless network expands, the growth in mobile digital services will place increasing pressure on the radio frequency spectrum – a limited resource. European R&D must develop innovative approaches and new standards that optimize how networks and devices use radio frequency. The spectrum must be managed well and shared fairly between operators and technologies. Research in this area must look at industry standards and new techniques that can “squeeze” more and more data into the airwaves. Systems today and in the future must deliver the kinds of services and functionality that consumers and businesses demand, but at a competitive price.

e) Now that* virtualization has entered the enterprise computing (обработка данных предприятия) sphere, hardware configuration can be more complicated than ever. Devices may need installation at several layers of the virtualization stack (виртуальный стек), and the system administrator may need to formulate policies (правила) that allow the hardware to be shared securely and fairly.

5. 3. Прочтите и переведите следующий текст:

 а) Before you buy a laptop.

      As a mobile office worker you want a laptop that you can take with you easily. You need to have the ability to connect to the Internet and company networks in a variety of methods. The next important criteria when you buy a laptop are size and weight. The best choices for mobile office workers are thin & light laptops. Laptops meant to replace desktop systems may be too heavy to carry for long periods of time but can provide features valuable to mobile professionals. Mobile office workers must accept that their laptop will be a prime target for theft. Making the decision for a laptop that includes security options can save you money and grief. As with all technology, mobile office technology is constantly changing and improving. If your laptop can't be upgraded it can become a hindrance (помеха) rather than* an effective tool. And sometime you could be left without an efficient means* of connecting to your company network or the Internet.

b)  Installing and upgrading software.

     When new software is purchased, it must be installed and tested, often under several operating systems and on several types of hardware. Once the software is working correctly, users must be informed of its availability and location. As patches (корректировка ошибок) and security updates are released, they must be incorporated into the local environment. Local software and administrative scripts should be properly managed in a way* that’s compatible with the native upgrade procedures used on systems at your site. As this software evolves, new releases should be tested before being deployed to the entire site.

6. Условные придаточные предложения:

Обратите внимание: что форма were используется для всех лиц и чисел.

Союзы в условных придаточных предложениях: if – если, unless – если не, provided / providing ( that ), on condition ( that )  – при условии (что). ( кроме третьего типа).

Условные придаточные предложения могут быть без союзов, тогда они начинаются с глаголов: were , had , should , could , might (эти глаголы как бы вытесняют союз с первого места условного придаточного предложения). На русский язык переводятся «если бы …. то бы»

Пример: Were the systems compatible, there wouldn’t be a problem. Если бы системы были совместимы, то не было бы проблемы.

Иногда встречаются смешанные предложения, в которых главное и придаточное предложения относятся к разным типам

Пример : If we were still using the old server, we could have lost all our data yesterday. (2 и 3).