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This gadget has got lots of helpful information – with the added benefit of an automatic electric letter opener. The LCD display shows date, time, and temperature in ̊ C or ̊ F. In addition there is an alarm clock, a calculator, and the times in 15 cities around the world.
Letter opener uses 2 x AA batteries (not supplied). 5.5 x 12 x 9.5 cm.
B RADIO PEN
Sounds as good as it writes
This pen looks beautiful, feels great to write with – but it sounds better in your ears. It’s got a secret radio in the top! Wear the earphones and enjoy music while you work.
Button batteries included. 14 cm long.
C FEET WASHER
The best thing for your feet.
Designed for shower or bath, this vinyl mat cleans and massages your feet – and you don’t need to bend down or stand on one leg! Suction cups hold it safely while you stand on the 1,500 relaxing ‘fingers’. 2.5 x 14.5 x 27.5 cm.
D BED GLASSES
How to read or watch TV – flat on your back
These glasses are perfect for sick people who must stay in bed, or for people who like to relax with a book or watch TV while lying flat on the floor or sofa. The plastic frame contains two glass prisms that deflect your vision by 90̊ . The lenses are first-class and you can wear them over your normal glasses.
2. Read the texts (A-D) again and match sentences (1-6) below with the gadgets.
1 These two don’t need batteries.
2 This does two things.
3 You use this standing up.
4 You use these lying down.
5 This can tell you how hot it is.
6 You get free batteries with this.
Vocabulary
3. Complete the definitions (1-7) with the highlighted words in the text. Use your dictionary to help you.
1 A __________ is a good thing.
2 A __________ is a triangular block of glass.
3 ___________ are the pieces of glass you look through.
4 ____________ holds/ attaches with air pressure.
5 ____________ is a type of plastic.
6 ____________ means hidden.
7 To _____________ means to change direction.
Speaking
4. How useful are the gadgets? Put them in order (1=most useful, 4=least useful). Discuss your ideas with a partner and agree on an order. Explain your list to the rest of the class. Do other students agree with you?
Writing
5. What information is included about each gadget? Add to this list.
· The name of the gadget
· What it does
· …
Level C
GREAT BRITAIN
Text 1
Country in brief
Great Britain is an island lying off the north-western coastline of Europe. The English Channel separates it from the mainland in the south. Great Britain is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the north-west, north and south-west. The Strait of Dover, 29 km wide, divides it from France. Great Britain is separated from Belgium and Holland by the North Sea, and in the west Great Britain is separated from Ireland by the Irish Sea and the North Channel. The North Sea and the English Channel are often called the «Narrow Seas». They are not deep but frequently are rough and difficult to navigate during storms. The Channel near Dover links England to Europe (France).
The official name of Great Britain is the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland. Great Britain is the name of the major island of the United Kingdom including England, Scotland and Wales. The United Kingdom, or the UK, comprises Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The UK is often referred to as Great Britain or the British Isles. It is an island state consisting of more than 5,000 large and small islands, the most important being the Isle of Man and the Isle of Wight.
There are plenty of rivers in Great Britain. The main rivers of Great Britain are the Severn and the Thames. The Severn is the longest one while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.
Due to the influence of the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current washing Britain's western shores, the UK enjoys warmer winters and cooler summers than other countries at the same latitude. There is much rain and fog in England.
The country is not very rich in mineral resources. Exploration of natural gas and oil has been going on in Britain since the early 1960s. The leading mineral resource of Britain is coal and coal-mining is one of the most important British industries. The major industries include iron and steel; engineering, including motor vehicles and aircraft; textiles and chemicals. Over three-quarters of Britain's land are used for farming; farms produce nearly half of food that Britain needs.
The largest cities of Great Britain are: London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, Leeds and Edinburgh. The capital of the UK is London.
Vocabulary
coastline [ˈkəʊstˌlaɪn] – береговая линия
to separate from [ˈsеpəˌreɪt] – отделять от
frequently [ˈfriːkwəntlɪ] - часто
latitude [ˈlætɪˌtjuːd] – широта (географическая)
Exercises
1. Answer the questions.
1) Where does Great Britain lie?
2) How is Great Britain separated from the mainland? From France, Belgium, Holland and Ireland?
3) What parts does Great Britain include?
4) How can you define the climate of Great Britain?
5) What are the major industries of Great Britain?
2. Underline the correct word.
1) The UK includes/consists of four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
2) When people mention/refer to the country, most shorten its name to the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain.
3) The North Sea and the English Canal/Channel separate/divide the island from Europe.
4) The climate is manipulated / influenced by the Gulf Stream.
3. Match the parts of the sentences.
| 1) Great Britain has a very good position as | a) that it is impossible to see anything. |
| 2) Thanks to the Gulf Stream | b) is picturesque. |
| 3) It rains very | c) changes very often. |
| 4) The weather | d) it lies on the crossways of the sea routes. |
| 5) The nature of the British Isles | e) the climate of Great Britain is mild. |
| 6) Sometimes fogs are so thick | f) often in all seasons. |
Text 2
State system
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy (or a parliamentary democracy). This means that it has a monarch (a king or a queen) as its Head of State. The monarch reigns with the support of Parliament. The powers of the monarch are not defined precisely. Everything today is done in the queen's name. It is her government, her armed forces, her law courts and so on. She supports all the Ministers, including the Prime Minister. Everything is done, however, on the advice of the elected Government, and the monarch takes no part in decision-making process.
Once the British Empire included a large number of countries all over the world ruled by Britain. The process of decolonization began in 1947 with the independence of India, Pakistan and Ceylon. Now, apart from Hong Kong and a few small islands, there is no longer an Empire. But the British ruling class tried not to lose influence over the former colonies. An association of former members of the British Empire and Britain was founded in 1949. It is called the Commonwealth. It includes many countries (16 sovereign countries) such as Ireland, Birma, Sudan, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others. The Queen of Great Britain is also the Head of the Commonwealth, and so the Queen of Canada, Australia, New Zealand. The Queen is very rich, the same as other members of the royal family. In addition, the government pays for her expenses as Head of State, for a royal yacht, train and aircraft as well as for the upkeep of several palaces. The Queen's image appears on stamps, notes and coins.
The UK's current monarch and head of state is Queen Elizabeth II who acceded to the throne in 1952 and was crowned in 1953. She has now reigned longer than any other monarch in modern Britain, with Queen Victoria (on the throne for 63 years) coming second. Prince Charles is heir to the throne.
Parliament consists of two chambers known as the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Parliament and the monarch have different roles in the government of the country, and they only meet together on symbolic occasions such as the coronation of a new monarch or the opening of Parliament. In reality, the House of Commons is the only one of the three which has true power. It is here that new bills are introduced and debated. If the majority of the members is in favour of a bill, it goes to the House of Lords to be debated and finally to the monarch to be signed. Only then it becomes law. Although a bill must be supported by all three bodies, the House of Lords has only limited powers, and the monarch has not refused to sign one since the modern political system began over 200 years ago.
Members of the House of Lords (peers) are not elected. About 70 per cent of them are “hereditary peers” because their fathers were peers before them. The other 30 per cent are “life peers”, whose titles are not passed on to their children. They are officially appointed by the Queen, on the advice of the government, for various services to the nation.
The House of Commons plays the major role in law-making. It consists of Members of Parliament (called MPs for short), each of them represents an area in England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. MPs are elected either at a general election, or at a by-election following the death or retirement of a MP.
Parliamentary elections must be held every five years, but the Prime Minister can decide on the exact date within those five years. The minimum voting age is 18, and the voting is taken by secret ballot.
The election campaign lasts about three weeks. The election is decided on a simple majority. The candidate with most votes wins. The British parliamentary system depends on political parties. The political parties choose candidates in elections. The party which wins the majority of seats forms the Government and its leader usually becomes Prime Minister. The Prime Minister chooses about 20 MPs from his or her party to become the Cabinet of Ministers. Each minister is responsible for a particular area of the government. The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and “Shadow Cabinet”. Leader of the opposition is a recognized post in the House of Commons.
The British Parliament works in a large building called the Palace of Westminster (or the Palace or Parliament). This contains offices, committee rooms, restaurants, bars, libraries and even some places of residence. It also contains two larger rooms. One of them is where the House of Lords meets, the other is where the House of Commons meets.
The British parliament is one of the oldest in the world, and foreigners are often puzzled by some of its ancient customs. During debates in the House of Commons, for example, members are not permitted to refer to each other by name, but must use the title “the Honourable Member”.
The Lord Chancellor, who controls debates in the House of Lords, must sit on the “woolsack”, a seat filled with wool that originated in the 14th century when wool was a symbol of Britain's prosperity. The position of the Lord Chancellor will soon be abolished. This is just one of the radical changes that have been imposed on the 700-year-old parliament in recent years, including the creation of a separate Scottish Parliament and Welsh and Northern Irish Assemblies.
Vocabulary
Parliament [ˈpɑːləmənt] - Парламент
government [ˈɡʌvənmənt] - правительство
authority [ɔːˈθɒrɪtɪ] – власть, полномочия
court [kɔːt] - суд
current affairs [ˈkʌrənt əˈfɛəz] – текущие дела
monarchy [ˈmɒnəkɪ] - монархия
precisely [prɪˈsaɪslɪ] - точно
empire [ˈɛmpaɪə] - империя
election [ɪˈlɛkʃən] - выборы
to vote [vəʊt] - голосовать
voting age [ˈvəutɪŋ eɪdʒ] – возраст, с которого разрешается голосовать
ballot [ˈbælət] - голосование
to be appointed [əˈpɔɪntɪd] – быть назначенным
Shadow Cabinet [ˈʃædəʊ ˈkæbɪnɪt] – теневой кабинет
bill [bɪl] - законопроект
inheritance [ɪnˈhɛrɪtəns] - наследие
cleric [ˈklɛrɪk] – духовное лицо
peerage [ˈpɪərɪdʒ] – знать («пэры»)
Exercises
1. Answer the questions. Underline those parts of the text where you can find the answers.
1) What does “constitutional monarchy” mean?
2) Does the monarch take part in decision-making process?
3) What is the Commonwealth?
4) Who has the true power in the UK?
5) How often do the monarch and Parliament meet together?
6) What chambers does Parliament consists of?
7) Who is the head of the British Parliament?
8) How old is the British parliamentary system?
9) Who are the members of the House of Lords?
10) Who plays the major role in law-making?
2. Working out the meaning. Find words in the text mean:
- a king or a queen;
- the system of having a king or a queen who has very limited ruling power;
- a group of countries that are all controlled by one ruler or government;
- an organization of countries that used to be under the political control of the UK;
- one of the section of a parliament;
- a written document that contains a proposal for a new law.
3. Write a letter to your pen-friend. Tell him/her about state system of your country, then ask some questions about political system of the UK.
Text 3
System of education
Education in Great Britain dates back from medieval times. The oldest school is Westminster College, founded in 1179.
There are two basic systems of education on the UK: one covering England, Wales and Northern Ireland and the other one covering Scotland. The reason why there are different systems of education in England and Scotland is because of the history of the two countries. When they united in 1707 to create Great Britain, Scotland retained its system of education and the two systems have developed separately in England and Scotland since 1707. Scotland has a long history of education which Scots are very proud of. Until the 19th century, for example, Scotland had more universities than England, but England was larger than Scotland. Traditionally the English, Welsh and Northern Irish systems have emphasized depth of education whereas the Scottish system has emphasized breadth. Thus English, Welsh and Northern Irish students tend to sit a small number of more advanced examinations and Scottish students tend to sit larger number of less advanced examinations. But by teenage years all students have to reach identical levels for standardized qualifications.
There are three stages of education: primary education, secondary education and hugher education.
Primary education is provided for children between 5 and 11 years of age. Primary schools are subdivided into infant schools for ages 5-7 and junior schools for ages 7 to 11. In Scotland children start school at the age of 6 and leave when they are 12.
in infant schools the main emphasis is on basic literacy and numeracy – learning to read and write and basic arithmetic. Junior schools are required to teach English, Mathematics, Science, Information Technology (IT), Religious Education, Design and Technology, History, Geography, Art, Music and Physical Education (PE).
Secondary education begins at the age of 11, when children go to comprehensive school and go to secondary school. In England they are required to stay at school until they are 16.
There are different types of secondary schools. Most children go to comprehensive schools. These are schools for children of all abilities that aim to teach the full range of subjects. Comprehensive schools became the most common sort of secondary schools in the 1960s and 1970s. Some children go to grammar schools. These are schools for academically more able children. Children have to pass a test to get into grammar schools.
When they are 16, pupils in England take examinations called GCSEs (General Certificate of Secondary Education) and in Scotland – Standard Grades.
Pupils have a choice. They can stay on at school to study for more exams, usually in academic subjects, to qualify for higher education, or they can leave and go to college to study for more exams or to get the skills and qualifications they need for work. Some pupils start work at 16 and go to college part time to get their qualifications. There have been serious problems with unemployment for young people and the government has introduced many schemes to ensure that as many young people as possible get some sort of training for a job. Those who want to go on to Higher Education (universities) specialise in a narrower range of subjects at the age of 16.
In England they study for two more years and take A-levels. Until a few years ago, most studied three subjects. Often, they specialised quite narrowly. For example, a student wishing to study science or engineering at university would study maths, physics and chemistry or biology. A student wishing to study humanities subjects might choose English, History and a foreign language. Over the last few years the A-level system has been changed, and is still changing, and students now often study five subjects, but not in such depth.
There are 120 universities in Great Britain. In England some of the universities are very old. The most famous two are the University of Oxford, situated in the city of Oxford, which is the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the University of Cambridge (founded in the 11th century and the 12th century respectively), which are sometimes referred to collectively as Oxbridge.
British universities greatly differ from each other. They differ in date of foundation, size, history, tradition, general organization, methods of instruction, the way of students' life, etc.
The three terms into which the British university year is divided are roughly eight to ten weeks. Each term is crowded with activity and the vacations between the terms – a month at Christmas, a month at Easter and three or four months in summer – are mainly periods of intellectual digestion and private study.
Nearly 50% of 18 year olds now get higher education in Great Britain. This is a big increase. Over 20 years ago, only 14% of 18 year olds went to university. A slightly higher proportion of Scots than English go to universities. Another difference between England and Scotland is that in England many students go to a university in a different cities or part of the country from where their families live. In Scotland, most go to a university near their homes.
Most universities in Great Britain teach a wide range of subjects – science and engineering, natural sciences, law, accountancy, and some have medical schools.
A person studying for a degree at a British university is called a graduate. The first degree in England is called a Bachelor's Degree (BA or BSc) and usually takes three years. Students usually study only one or two subjects in great detail for three years. After three years of study a university graduate will leave with the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, Science, Engineering, Medicine, etc. Later he may continue to take a Master's Degree and then a Doctor's Degree. Research is an important feature of university work.
Students in Scotland usually study for four years for their degrees, and university education is broader than in England. Most Scottish universities require their students to study 3 or 4 subjects in their first year before specialising in 1 or 2.
Vocabulary
emphasize [ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz] - подчёркивать
depth [dɛpθ] - глубина
breadth [brɛdθ] - широта
advanced [ədˈvɑːnst] - передовой
primary [ˈpraɪmərɪ] - начальный
secondary [ˈsɛkəndərɪ] - средний
junior school [ˈdʒuːnjə skuːl] – начальная школа
attend [əˈtɛnd] - посещать
embrace [ɪmˈbreɪs] - охватывать
ability [əˈbɪlɪtɪ] - способность
comprehensive [ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnsɪv] - общеобразовательный
inclination [ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃən] - склонность
compulsory [kəmˈpʌlsərɪ] - обязательный
graduate [ˈɡrædjʊɪt] – заканчивать учебное заведение
roughly [ˈrʌflɪ] – приблизительно
vacation [vəˈkeɪʃən] - каникулы
degree [dɪˈɡriː] – научная степень
Bachelor's Degree [ˈbætʃələz dɪˈɡriː] – степень бакалавра
Master's Degree [ˈmɑːstəz dɪˈɡriː] – степень магистра
Doctor's Degree [ˈdɒktəz dɪˈɡriː] – докторская степень
vocation [vəʊˈkeɪʃən] – профессия, призвание
campus [ˈkæmpəs] – университетский городок
scholarship [ˈskɒləʃɪp] – стипендия
Exercises
1. Answer the questions.
1) How many stages are there in the education system of the UK?
2) When do children begin to attend school in Britain?
3) What are the names of two school exams in the UK?
4) What are the names of the top UK universities?
5) How is the year divided in the British universities?
6) What does “Bachelor's Degree” mean?
2. Discuss:
- Are there state schools and private schools in your country? Do you think there should be private and state schools? Why? Give your reasons. Which of these schools did you go to? Which would you like to study at?
- The system of education in your country is considered to be one of the most successful in the world. Do you agree to this?
- At what age do children start school in your country? When do they take major exams? Do you think those ages are appropriate?
- What do you like and dislike in the system of education of your country? What would you like to change if you could?
3. Match the words with their definitions:
| to graduate | to teach one person or a small group of people |
| university | one of the parts that some universities are divided into |
| campus | a job that a person does because he/she feels that it is his/her purpose in life and he/she has special skills for doing it |
| vocation | to get a degree from a university |
| to tutor | an educational institution where students study for degree |
| grant | a period of time when a university is closed |
| vacation | area containing all the main buildings of a university |
| degree | an amount of money that the government gives somebody for specific purpose |
| college | the qualification that a student gets after completing the course |
4. Complete the text with the words from the box.
| on your own ♦ lectures ♦ tutor ♦workload ♦ learning ♦ work hard |
University life is about _____________. You will have from one to five hours of __________ every day. You will also have to study _________________. Yes, you will have to _____________. But every student has a personal _____________ to help with any problems. And if you organise your work and your ______________ , you will do very good!
5. Project.
Write a report about the system of education in your country.
- compare the system in the UK with the system of your country;
- write about differences between them;
- explain the advantages and disadvantages of each system;
- think how your education system can be improved.
Text 4
Traditions
If you arrive in Great Britain you'll hear the word “tradition” everywhere. The British have sentimental love for old thins and traditions.
Imagine you are in a medium-sized English town. It is Saturday morning in April and the market place is full of noise. You hear the sound of music, at least one accordion, a drum, tin whistle and a fiddle. As you come closer you can see an interesting sight. There are some men dressed in white clothes but decorated in the strangest way with bright ribbons, flowers and small bells. They dance, leaping into the air, stamping their feet, and perform the most complicated pattern of movements. They perform a morris dance and what they are doing is anything up to eight hundred years old. This is a traditional ritual to welcome the return of spring.
Now you are at the seaside. It is the end of July and the school holidays have just begun. There is a strange little red and white stripped tent, and a whole crowd of little children laughing and shouting, is sitting in front of it on the sand. They are watching a puppet theatre, Punch and Judy. Mr Punch in his bright red clothes is, as usual, hitting Judy all over the head with a stick, while Toby, the dog, patiently watches. Punch and Judy, and their knockabout antics, have been entertaining people of all ages since the 17th century.
These are just two examples of customs which, despite television and other social changes, are alive and well-known in England. There are many, many more, some of them so local that they are only known in the villages where they take place.
Numerous ceremonies in London can serve a good example of the English tradition at its best. There are numerous royal traditions in Britain, some are ancient, and others are modern.
The Queen is the only person in Britain with two birthdays. Her real birthday is on April 21st, but she has an “official” birthday, too. That is on the second Saturday in June. And on the Queen's official birthday, there is a traditional ceremony called the Trooping of the Colour. It is a big parade with brass bands and hundreds of soldiers at Horse Guard's Parade in London. A “regiment” of the Queen's soldiers, the Guards, march in front of her. At the front of the parade there is the regiment’s flag or “colour”. Thousands of Londoners and visitors watch House Guard's Parade and millions of people watch it at home on television.
The Changing of the Guard happens every day at Buckingham Palace, the Queen's home in London. The soldiers, who wear colourful uniform, scarlet tunics, blue trousers and bearskin caps, stand in front of the palace. Each morning these soldiers (the “guard”) change. One group leaves and another arrives. In summer and winter tourists stand outside the palace at 11:30 every morning and watch the Changing of the Guard. The ceremony always attracts a lot of spectators, Londoners as well as visitors, to the British capital.
Traditionally the Queen opens Parliament every autumn. The Queen travels from Buckingham Palace to the Houses of Parliament in a gold carriage – the Irish State Coach. At the Houses of Parliament the Queen sits on a “throne” in the House of Lords. Then she reads the “Queen's Speech”. At the State Opening of Parliament the Queen wears a crown and some other jewels from the Crown Jewels.
Every year, there is a new Lord Mayor of London. The Mayor is the city's traditional leader. And the second Saturday in November is always the day for the Lord Mayor's Show. This ceremony is over six hundred years old. It is also London's biggest parade. The Lord Mayor drives to the Royal Courts of Justice in a coach. The coach is two hundred years old. It is red and gold and it has six horses. As it is also a big parade, people make special costumes and act stories from London's history.
In Britain as in other countries costumes and uniforms have a long history. One is the uniform of the Beefeaters at the Tower of London. This came first from France. Another is the uniform of the Horse Guards at Horse Guard's Parade, not far from Buckingham Palace. Thousands of visitors take photographs of the Horse Guards.
There is a very special royal tradition. On the River Thames there are hundreds of swans. A lot of these beautiful white birds belong, traditionally, to the king or queen. In July the young swans on the Thames are about two months old. Then the Queen's swan keeper goes, in a boat, from London Bridge to Henley. He looks at all the young swans and marks the royal ones. The name of this strange but interesting custom is Swan Upping.
In present days, just as 700 years ago the traditional Ceremony of the Keys takes place at the gates of the Tower of London. At 9:53 p.m. the Chief Warder carrying a lantern lit by a single candle marches to the Bloody Tower. There the escort waits. The party moves off, the Chief Warder carrying the keys. The West Gate is locked by the Chief Warder while the escort presents arms. The Middle and Byward Towers are next locked by similar procedure. The party returns to the Bloody Tower archway where it is halted by the sentry. “Halt!” he commands. “Who goes there?” the Chief Warder replies. “The Keys”, to this the sentry demands. “Whose Keys?” The Chief Warder replies, “Queen Elizabeth's Keys”. The sentry finally says, “Advance, Queen Elizabeth's Keys, all's well”. Having received permission to go through the Bloody Tower archway, the party forms up facing the main guard of the Tower. The officer-in-charge orders the guard to present arms, then the Chief Warder cries, “God preserve Queen Elizabeth”. “Amen”, answers the guard and escort. Exactly at 10 p.m. the bugler sounds the Last Post and the main guard of the Tower and the escort to the keys present arms. Meanwhile, the Chief Warder proceeds to the Queen's House to return the keys of the Tower to the custody of the Resident Governor and Major.
An annual British tradition, which captures the imagination of the whole nation, is the London to Brighton Car Rally in which a fleet of ancient cars indulges in a lighthearted race from the Capital to the Coast. When the veteran cars set on the London – Brighton run each November, they are celebrating one of the great landmarks in the history of motoring in Britain – the abolition of the rule that every “horseless carriage” had to be preceded along the road by a pedestrian. This extremely irksome restriction, imposed by the Locomotives on Highways Act, was withdrawn in 1896, and on November of that year there was a rally of motor-cars on the London – Brighton highway to celebrate the first day of freedom – Emancipation Day, as it has known by motorists ever since.
Emancipation is still on the first Sunday of the month, but nowadays there is an important condition of entry – every car taking part must be at least 60 years old. The Run is not a race. Entrance are limited to a maximum average speed of 20 miles per hour. The great thing is not speed but quality of performance, and the dedicated enthusiasts have a conversation all their own.
Vocabulary
knockabout antics [ˈnɒkəbaʊt ˈæntɪks] – грубый фарс
Lord Mayor [lɔːd mɛə] – лорд мэр
Chief Warder [tʃiːf ˈwɔːdə] – начальник охраны
sentry [ˈsɛntrɪ] - караульный
irksome [ˈɜːksəm] - скучный
restriction [rɪˈstrɪkʃən] - ограничение
Exercises
1. Answer the questions.
1) What performance can you see in the market place in the Saturday morning in April?
2) How long has Punch and Judy show been entertaining people?
3) Which are some of the most traditional ceremonies that have been preserved since old times?
4) What ceremony takes place every night in the Tower of London and hasn't been broken for 700 years?
2. Match the parts of the sentences.
| 1) The weekends are | a) watching television. |
| 2) People are at work | b) visiting or entertaining friends or relatives. |
| 3) Saturdays are busy time for | c) a time for families in Britain. |
| 4) Sunday is a very special day for | d) doing shopping or working around the house. |
| 5) The most common leisure activity is | e) going to the church or DIY. |
| 6) The second most popular activity is | f) five days a week. |
3. Discuss.
1) Tell your friend about one of the London ceremonies you were impressed by.
2) What are some popular leisure and entertainment activity in your country? What are some favourite traditions? Compare them with the UK ones.
3) Does spending time at a shop centre seem like fun to you or would you rather do something different with your leisure time?
Appendix.
Таблица неправильных глаголов
| Infinitive | Past simple | Past participle | Перевод |
| be [bi:] | was [wɔz], were [wз:] | been [bi:n] | быть |
| beat [bi:t] | beat [bi:t] | beaten ['bi:tn] | бить |
| become [bi:kʌm] | became [bi:keim] | become[bi:kʌm] | становиться |
| begin [bi'gin] | began [bi'gæn] | begun [bi'gʌn] | начинать |
| bleed [bli:d] | bled [bled] | bled [bled] | кровоточить |
| blow [blou] | blew [blu:] | blown [bloun] | дуть |
| break [breik] | broke [brouk] | broken ['brouk(e)n] | ломать |
| bring [briŋ] | brought [brɔ:t] | brought [brɔ:t] | приносить |
| build [bild] | built [bilt] | built [bilt] | строить |
| burn [bз:n] | burnt [bз:nt] | burnt [bз:nt] | гореть |
| burst [bз:st] | burst [bз:st] | burst [bз:st] | разразиться |
| buy [bai] | bought [bɔ:t] | bought [bɔ:t] | покупать |
| catch [kætʃ] | caught [kɔ:t] | caught [kɔ:t] | ловить, хватать |
| choose [tʃu:z] | chose [ʃəuz] | chosen [tʃəuz(ə)n] | выбирать |
| come [kʌm] | came [keim] | come [kʌm] | приходить |
| cost [cɔst] | cost [cɔst] | cost [cɔst] | стоить |
| creep [kri:p] | crept [krept] | crept [krept] | ползать |
| cut [kʌt] | cut [kʌt] | cut [kʌt] | резать |
| do [du:] | did [did] | done [dʌn] | делать |
| draw [drɔ:] | drew [dru:] | drawn [drɔ:n] | рисовать, тащить |
| dream [dri:m] | dreamt [dremt] | dreamt [dremt] | мечтать, дремать |
| drink [driŋk] | drank [dræŋk] | drunk [drʌŋk] | пить |
| drive [draiv] | drove [drouv] | driven ['drivn] | водить |
| eat [i:t] | ate [et] | eaten ['i:tn] | есть |
| fall [fɔ:l] | fell [fel] | fallen ['fɔ:lən] | падать |
| feed [fi:d] | fed [fed] | fed [fed] | кормить |
| feel [fi:l] | felt [felt] | felt [felt] | чувствовать |
| fight [fait] | fought [fɔ:t] | fought [fɔ:t] | бороться |
| find [faind] | found [faund] | found [faund] | находить |
| fit [fit] | fit [fit] | fit [fit] | подходить по размеру |
| fly [flai] | flew [flu:] | flown [floun] | летать |
| forget [fə'get] | forgot [fə'gɔt] | forgotten [fə'gɔt(ə)n] | забывать |
| forgive [fo'giv] | forgave [fo'geiv] | forgiven [fo'givn] | прощать |
| freeze [fri:z] | froze [frouz] | frozen ['frouzn] | замерзать |
| get [ get ] | got [gɔt] | got [gɔt] | получать |
| give [giv] | gave [geiv] | given [givn] | давать |
| go [gou] | went [went] | gone [gɔn] | идти |
| grow [grou] | grew [gru:] | grown [groun] | расти |
| hang [hæŋ] | hung [hʌŋ] | hung [hʌŋ] | вешать |
| have [hæv] | had [hæd] | had [hæd] | иметь |
| hear [hiə] | heard [hз:d] | heard [hз:d] | слышать |
| hide [haid] | hid [hid] | hidden ['hidn] | прятать |
| hit [hit] | hit [hit] | hit [hit] | попадать в цель |
| hold [hould] | held [held] | held [held] | держать |
| hurt [hз:t] | hurt [hз:t] | hurt [hз:t] | ушибить |
| keep [ki:p] | kept [kept] | kept [kept] | содержать |
| kneel [ni:l] | knelt [nelt] | knelt [nelt] | стоять на коленях |
| know [nou] | knew [nju:] | known [noun] | знать |
| lay [lei] | laid [leid] | laid [leid] | класть |
| lead [li:d] | led [led] | led [led] | вести |
| lean [li:n] | leant [lent] | leant [lent] | наклоняться |
| learn [lз:n] | learnt [lз:nt] | learnt [lз:nt] | учить |
| leave [li:v] | left [left] | left [left] | оставлять |
| lend [lend] | lent [lent] | lent [lent] | занимать |
| let [let] | let [let] | let [let] | позволять |
| lie [lai] | lay [lei] | lain [lein] | лежать |
| light [lait] | lit [lit] | lit [lit] | освещать |
| lose [lu:z] | lost [lɔst] | lost [lɔst] | терять |
| make [meik] | made [meid] | made [meid] | производить |
| mean [mi:n] | meant [ment] | meant [ment] | значить |
| meet [mi:t] | met [met] | met [met] | встречать |
| mistake [mis'teik] | mistook [mis'tuk] | mistaken [mis'teik(e)n] | ошибаться |
| pay [pei] | paid [peid] | paid [peid] | платить |
| prove [pru:v] | proved [pru:vd] | proven [pru:vn] | доказывать |
| put [put] | put [put] | put [put] | положить |
| quit [kwit] | quit [kwit] | quit [kwit] | выходить |
| read [ri:d] | read [red] | read [red] | читать |
| ride [raid] | rode [roud] | ridden ['ridn] | ездить верхом |
| ring [riŋ] | rang [ræŋ] | rung [rʌŋ] | звенеть |
| rise [raiz] | rose [rouz] | risen ['rizn] | подниматься |
| run [rʌŋ] | ran [ræŋ] | run [rʌŋ] | бежать |
| say [sei] | said [sed] | said [sed] | говорить |
| see [si:] | saw [sɔ:] | seen [si:n] | видеть |
| seek [si:k] | sought [sɔ:t] | sought [sɔ:t] | искать |
| sell [sel] | sold [sould] | sold [sould] | продавать |
| send [send] | sent [sent] | sent [sent] | посылать |
| set [set] | set [set] | set [set] | ставить |
| sew [sou] | sewed [soud] | sewn [soun] | шить |
| shake [ʃeik] | shook [ʃuk] | shaken ['ʃeik(ə)n] | встряхивать |
| show [ʃəu] | showed [ʃəud] | shown [ʃəun] | показывать |
| shrink [ʃriŋk] | shrank [ʃræŋk] | shrunk [ʃrʌŋk] | уменьшать |
| shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | закрывать |
| sing [siŋ] | sang [sæŋ] | sung [sʌŋ] | петь |
| sink [siŋk] | sank [sæŋk], sunk [sʌŋk] | sunk [sʌŋk] | тонуть |
| sit [sit] | sat [sæt] | sat [sæt] | сидеть |
| sleep [sli:p] | slept [slept] | slept [slept] | спать |
| slide [slaid] | slid [slid] | slid [slid] | скользить |
| sow [sou] | sowed [soud] | sown [soun] | сеять |
| speak [spi:k] | spoke [spouk] | spoken ['spouk(e)n] | говорить |
| spell [spel] | spelt [spelt] | spelt [spelt] | произносить по буквам |
| spend [spend] | spent [spent] | spent [spent] | тратить |
| spill [spil] | spilt [spilt] | spilt [spilt] | проливать |
| spoil [spɔil] | spoilt [spɔilt] | spoilt [spɔilt] | портить |
| spread [spred] | spread [spred] | spread [spred] | расстилать |
| spring [spriŋ] | sprang [spræŋ] | sprung [sprʌŋ] | прыгать |
| stand [stænd] | stood [stu:d] | stood [stu:d] | стоять |
| steal [sti:l] | stole [stoul] | stolen ['stəulən] | красть |
| stick [stik] | stuck [stʌk] | stuck [stʌk] | колоть |
| sting [stiŋ] | stung [stʌŋ] | stung [stʌŋ] | жалить |
| sweep [swi:p] | swept [swept] | swept [swept] | выметать |
| swell [swel] | swelled [sweld] | swollen ['swoul(e)n] | разбухать |
| swim [swim] | swam [swem] | swum [swʌm] | плавать |
| swing [swiŋ] | swung [swʌŋ] | swung [swʌŋ] | качать |
| take [teik] | took [tuk] | taken ['teik(ə)n] | брать, взять |
| teach [ti:tʃ] | taught [tɔ:t] | taught [tɔ:t] | учить |
| tear [tɛə] | tore [tɔ:] | torn [tɔ:n] | рвать |
| tell [tel] | told [tould] | told [tould] | рассказывать |
| think [θiŋk] | thought [θɔ:t] | thought [θɔ:t] | думать |
| throw [θrəu] | threw [θru:] | thrown [θrəun] | бросать |
| understand [ʌndə'stænd] | understood [ʌndə'stud] | understood [ʌndə'stud] | понимать |
| wake [weik] | woke [wouk] | woken ['wouk(e)n] | просыпаться |
| wear [wɛə] | wore [wɔ:] | worn [wɔ:n] | носить |
| weep [wi:p] | wept [wept] | wept [wept] | плакать |
| wet [wet] | wet [wet] | wet [wet] | мочить |
| win [win] | won [wʌn] | won [wʌn] | выигрывать |
| wind [waind] | wound [waund] | wound [waund] | извиваться |
| write [rait] | wrote [rout] | written ['ritn] | писать |
Дата: 2019-02-25, просмотров: 357.