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(Настоящее длительное время и конструкция «be going to»)
Для выражения действий в будущем (намерений и договоренностей)
Конструкция « be going to » переводится на русский язык «собираться что-то делать». Данная конструкция используется для выражения планов и намерений, когда нет четких договоренностей и уверенности в том, что действие произойдет.
Example:
They’re going to get married.
I’m going to buy a motorbike.
I think I’m going to relax at the weekend.
* Глагол «to go» имеет смысловое значение «идти».
I’m going to the theatre. – Я иду в театр .
Если мы имеем дело с конструкцией «be going to», то переводится данное предложение следующим образом:
I’m going to go to the theatre. – Я собираюсь пойти в театр .
Present Continuous используется для выражения договоренностей и четких, определенных планов на ближайшее будущее (как правило, известно место, время действия).
Example:
I’m seeing my friends tomorrow.
He’s having lunch with his girlfriend tonight.
We are starting French evening classes next week.
Упражнение 1. Откройте скобки, используя конструкцию «be going to».
Next year, I’m going to visit (visit) my French penfriend. I think I _______ (travel) from London to Paris by train. I _______ (find) a hostel in Paris for two nights and I _______ (do) some sightseeing. After that, I _______ (catch) the train to the south coast. My penfriend and her brother _______ (meet) me at the station and then we _______ (drive) to their house. I’m a bit nervous – I _______ (not speak) English for two weeks!
Упражнение 2. Используйте Present Continuous в диалоге.
| Andy | Can we have lunch on Friday? |
| Ken | I’m afraid I can’t. I’m having (have) lunch with my girlfriend. We _______ (meet) at the new café in town. |
| Andy | Can we meet in the evening? What about dinner? |
| Ken | No, sorry. I’m busy in the evening. I _______ (play) football. |
| Andy | _______ you _______ (do) anything on Saturday? |
| Ken | In the morning I _______ (see) my cousins but I _______ (not do) anything in the afternoon. |
| Andy | OK. Jon and I _______ (go) to the cinema. Do you want to come with us? |
| Ken | What time _______ you _______ (meet)? |
| Andy | We _______ (meet) outside the cinema at two o’clock. |
| Ken | Great – see you there. |
Упражнение 3. Используйте Present Continuous или конструкцию «be going to» в диалогах.
| 1 | |
| Nigel | Hi, Joanna! What’s up? |
| Joanna | Nothing new. What about you? |
| Nigel | I’m getting ready for my trip. We ________ (leave) for France tomorrow afternoon. |
| Joanna | Lucky you! Who ________ (go) with? |
| Nigel | A group of friends from school. |
| 2 | |
| Bill | What’s wrong, David? |
| David | My exam results are really bad this year. I________ (study) more next year. |
| Bill | Good idea. I_________ (go) to my study group this evening. Do you want to come with me? |
| 3 | |
| Collin | Hi, John! Do you want to come to match with us this evening? We ________ (meet) outside the stadium at five o’clock. |
| John | Oh, no, I can’t! I _________ (see) Nina at five thirty. |
| 4 | |
| Joanna | Do you know what you _________ (do) when you finish school? |
| Kate | I think __________ (live) in France for a year. |
| Joanna | Do you speak French? |
| Kate | No, I don’t! But I _________ (start) French evening classes next year. |
Упражнение 4. Выберите верный вариант.
1 You meet a friend at the station. He’s running to the platform and holding his ticked. He says:
a I’m going to catch the train to London.
b I’m catching the train to London.
2 Your ferry is delayed for six hours! You’re very angry. You say:
a I’m going to write a letter of complaint.
b I’m writing a letter of complaint.
3 Your friends asks you to babysit this evening. You can’t help. You say:
a I’m meeting my friends at the swimming pool at eight.
b I’m going to meet my friends at the swimming pool at eight.
4 A friend is coming out of the travel agent’s with a lot of holiday brochures. You ask where he wants to go on holiday. He says:
a I think I’m going to visit Scandinavia this year.
b I think I’m visiting Scandinavia this year.
5 Your friends are packing a tent into the back of their car. They say:
a We’re going camping.
b We’re going to go camping.
7. Comparison of TENSES: Present Simple or Present Continuous
(Сравнение времен: Настоящее простое и Настоящее длительное)
Упражнение 1. Используйте в предложениях am / is / are или do / don ’ t / does / doesn ’ t .
1. Excuse me, do you speak English?
2. ‘Where’s Ann?’ ‘I _______ know.’
3. What’s funny? Why _______ you laughing?
4. ‘What _______ your sister do?’ ‘She’s a dentist.’
5. It ______ raining. I ________ want to go out in the rain.
6. ‘Where _______ you come from?’ ‘Canada.’
7. How much _______ it cost to phone Canada?
8. George is a good tennis player but he _______ play very often.
Упражнение 2. Поставьте глаголы в Present Continuous (I am doing) или в Present Simple (I do).
1. Excuse me. Do you speak (you / speak) English?
2. ‘Where’s Tom?’ ‘He’s having (he / have) a shower.’
3. I don’t watch (I / not / watch) television very often.
4. Listen! Somebody _________ (sing).
5. Sandra is tired. ___________ (she / want) to go home now.
6. How often _________ (you / read) a newspaper?
7. ‘Excuse me but ________ (you / sit) in my place.’ ‘Oh, I’m sorry.’
8. I’m sorry, __________ (I / not / understand). Can you speak more slowly?’
9. It’s late. ___________ (I / go) home now. _________ (you / come) with me?
10. What time _________ (your father / finish) work in the evenings?
11. You can turn off the radio. ________ (I / not / listen) to it.
12. ‘Where’s Paul?’ ‘In the kitchen. _______ (he / cook) something.
13. Martin _________ (not / usually / drive) to work. He _______ (usually / walk).
14. Sue _______ (not / like) coffee. _______ (she / prefer) tea.
Упражнение 3. Исправьте ошибки, где это необходимо.
| 1. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. | OK |
| 2. The water boils. Can you turn it off? | is boiling |
| 3. Look! That man tries to open the door of your car. | |
| 4. Can you hear those people? What do you talk about? | |
| 5. The moon goes round the earth in about 27 days. | |
| 6. I must go now. It gets late. | |
| 7. I usually go to work by car. | |
| 8. ‘Hurry up! It’s time to leave.’ ‘OK, I come.’ | |
| 9. I hear you’ve got a new job. How do you get on? |
Упражнение 4. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. Let’s go out. It isn’t raining (it / not / rain) now.
2. Julia is very good at languages. She speaks (she / speak) four languages very well.
3. Hurry up! __________ (everybody / wait) for you.
4. ‘________ (you / listen) to the radio?’ ‘No, you can turn it off.’
5. ‘________ (you / listen) to the radio every day?’ ‘No, just occasionally.’
6. The River Nile _______ (flow) into Mediterranean.
7. The river ______ (flow) very fast today – much faster than usual.
8. __________ (we / usually / grow) vegetables in our garden, but this year (we / not / grow) any.
9. ‘How’s your English?’ ‘Not bad. I think _______ (it / improve) slowly.
10. Rachel is in New York right now. ________ (she / stay) at the Park Hotel.
11. Can we stop walking soon? _______ (I / start) to feel tired.
12. Normally _______ (I / finish) work at five, but this week ________ (I / work) until six to earn a little more money.
13. My parents _______ (live) in Manchester. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. Where ________ (your parents / live)?
14. Sonia ________ (look) for a place to live. ________ (she / stay) with her sister until she finds somewhere.
15. ‘What ________ (your brother / do).’ ‘He’s architect, but ________ (he / not / work) at the moment.
Упражнение 5. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. It sometimes ________ (snows/is snowing) here in April.
2. It ________ (snows/is snowing) now.
3. Every morning mother ________ (cooks/is cooking) breakfast for us.
4. It is 8 o’clock now. Mother ________ (cooks/ is cooking) breakfast.
5. Every day father ________ (leaves/is leaving) the house at half past eight.
6. Now it is half past eight. Father ________ (leaves/is leaving) the house.
7. We often ________ (watch/are watching) TV.
8. Now we ________ (sit/ are sitting) in armchairs and (watch/are watching) TV.
9. Sometimes Mike ________ (does/is doing) his lessons in the evening.
10. Look at Mike. He ________ (does/is doing) his lessons.
11. It often ________ (rains/is raining) in September.
12. It ________ (rains/is raining) now.
13. Every day the family ________ (has/is having) tea at 5 o’clock.
14. It is 5 o’clock now. The family ________ (has/is having) tea.
Упражнение 6. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму Present Continuous или в Present Simple. Объясните сделанный выбор.
1. Не often ________ (go) to the cinema.
2. They ________ (watch) TV at the moment.
3. She ________ (write) letters to her mother every week.
4. Nina usually ________ (drive) to work.
5. Father ________ (sit) on the sofa now.
6. Listen. The telephone ________ (ring).
7. Tim ________ (study) a new language every year.
8. We always ________ (spend) the summer in York.
9. In summer we usually ________ (go) to the seaside.
10. Look at Tom. He ________ (ride) a horse.
Упражнение 6. Заполните пропуски, используя don ’ t, doesn ’ t, isn ’ t, aren ’ t или am not.
1. We ________ watching a television programme now.
2. We ________ watch television every day.
3. It________ raining very hard at the moment.
4. I ________ hear you well.
5. It________ rain very much in summer.
6. Mr Johnson ________ eating his lunch now.
7. Mr Johnson ________ always eat at that cafe.
8. I________ see any students in that room.
9. They ________like milk for lunch.
10. He ________have money for a new car.
Упражнение 7. Найдите ошибки и исправьте их.
| 1.We not going to school today. | are not going |
| 2. What you doing after school? | |
| 3. At the moment Peter is work in Russia. | |
| 4. Does he got a new car? | |
| 5. He never wear a hat. | |
| 6. He don’t like black coffee. | |
| 7. We are have a good time. | |
| 8. What you doing now? | |
| 9. It rains at the moment. | |
| 10. How you like the game? |
Упражнение 8. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. My brother ________ (talk) to Tom now.
2. Не ________ (work) hard every day.
3. That girl ________ (speak) English very well.
4. My friend ________ (enjoy) hamburgers very much.
5. John and Frank ________ (write) letters at this moment.
6. The children ________ (sleep) for two hours every afternoon.
7. It ________ (rain) very much in autumn.
8. Miss Peters ________ (talk) to Mr Johnson right now.
9. We ________ (do) Exercise 13.
10. My mother ________ (cook) very well.
Упражнение 9. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Я люблю апельсиновый сок. Я всегда пью его по утрам.
2. — Что ты сейчас пьешь? — Я пью апельсиновый сок.
3. — Том, куда ты идешь? — Я иду в библиотеку. — Я всегда хожу в библиотеку по субботам.
4. — Где Джек? — Он играет в саду.
Упражнение 10. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. Elephants ________ (not/eat) meat.
2. He ________ (go) to the cinema once a week.
3. He ________ (not/watch) always a good film.
4. Uncle George always ________ (come) to dinner on Sundays.
5. He ________ (not/work) on Sundays, of course.
6. Look! A big white bird ________ (sit) in our garden.
Упражнение 11. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. —What you ________ (do) here? —I ________ (wait) for a friend.
2. —He ________ (speak) French? —Yes, he ________(speak) French well.
3. Someone ________ (knock) at the door.
4. Don’t go into the classroom. The students ______(write) a dictation there.
5. The man who ________ (read) a book is our English teacher.
6. Let’s go for a walk. It ________ (not/rain).
7. — Where is Joe? — He ________ (look for) his key.
8. Don’t disturb Ed. He ________ (do) his homework.
9. We usually ________ (watch) TV One but tonight we ________ (watch) TV Two for a change.
10.—What’s that noise? —Sam ________ (play) ball.
UNIT 3
The Past Simple Tense
(Прошедшее простое время)
Употребление.
1. Для обозначения действий, начавшихся и закончившихся в прошлом. Это могут быть единичные события.
Examples:
I started school in 1993.
2. Регулярные, привычные действия в прошлом.
Examples:
My brother often did his morning exercises.
I walked to school every day.
3. Хроника событий (употребление в литературных произведениях, автобиографиях).
Examples:
I was born in 1987.
Образование.
| Утвердительные предложения | Отрицательные предложения | Вопросительные предложения |
| I We You They worked finished He left She It | I We You They work didn’t finish leave He She It | I We You They Did work? finish? He leave? She It |
Обычно мы используем следующие обстоятельства времени: last night, two days ago, yesterday, in summer, in 1990, when I was young.
NB
Особенностью прошедшего времени является использование прошедших форм глагола.
Английский глагол имеет три основные формы: первая форма — инфинитив (the Infinitive), вторая форма — прошедшее неопределенное время (Past Indefinite) и третья форма — причастие прошедшего времени (Past Participle).
По способу образования прошедшего неопределенного времени (Past Indefinite) и причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle) глаголы делятся на две группы: правильные и неправильные. Правильные глаголы образуют Past Indefinite и Past Participle путем прибавления к форме инфинитива окончания -ed. Таким образом, у правильных глаголов формы Past Indefinite и Past Participle не отличаются друг от друга:
| Infinitive | Past Indefinite | Past Participle |
| to open | opened | opened |
| to work | worked | worked |
| to expect | expected | expected |
К неправильным глаголам принадлежат глаголы, образующие Past Indefinite и Past Participle не путем прибавления окончания - ed к форме инфинитива, а различными другими способами:
| Infinitive | Past Indefinite | Past Participle | |
| 1. 1. Путем изменения корневых гласных формы инфинитива: | to begin to meet | began met | begun met |
| 2. Путем изменения корневых гласных и прибавления окончания к форме инфинитива: | to speak to give | spoke gave | spoken given |
| 3. Путем изменения конечных согласных формы инфинитива: | to send to build | sent built | sent built |
У некоторых неправильных глаголов все три формы одинаковы:
To cut, cut, cut;
To put, put, put.
Глаголы to be и to go образуют Past Indefinite от другого корня:
to be — was (were), been;
to go — went, gone.
Количество неправильных глаголов невелико, но к ним относятся многие самые употребительные глаголы. Неправильные глаголы рекомендуется заучивать в трех основных формах.
NB
В предложении могут быть использованы как смысловые глаголы (sleep , do , play) так и глагол-связка to be.
Example:
The weather was good last week.
| Утвердительные предложения | Отрицательные предложения | Вопросительные предложения |
| I He She was It at home We You were They | I He was She It not at home We You were They | I Was He She It at home? We Were You They |
| Правописание для правильных глаголов Ø Для большинства глаголов добавляем -ed: I walk - I walked Ø После –e добавляем –d: we decide – we decided Ø После одной ударной гласной + одной согласной, удваиваем согласную и добавляем -ed: stop – stopped Ø Глаголы, заканчивающиеся на у - заменяем у на i и добавляем -ed: you study – you studied Ø В британском варианте английского языка, если глагол заканчивается на неударную гласную + l, удваивается l и добавляется -ed : I travel – I travelled |
Упражнение 1. Вставьте am / is / are или was / were.
1. Last year she was 22, so she is 23 now.
2. Today the weather _______ nice, but yesterday it _______ very cold.
3. I _______ hungry. Can I have something to eat?
4. I feel fine this morning but I _______ very tired last night.
5. Where _______ you at 11 o’clock last Friday morning?
6. Don’t buy those shoes. They _______ very expensive.
7. I like your new jacket. _______ it expensive?
8. This time last year I _______ in Paris.
9. ‘Where _______ the children?’ ‘I don’t know. They _______ in the garden ten minutes ago.’
Упражнение 2. Вставьте was / were или wasn’t / weren’t.
1. We weren’t happy with the hotel. Our room was very small and it wasn’t very clean.
2. George ________ at work last week because he ________ ill. He’s better now.
3. Yesterday ________ a public holiday so the shops ________ closed. They’re open today.
4. ‘________ Sue and Bill at the party?’ ‘Sue ________ there but Bill ________.’
5. ‘Where are my keys?’ ‘I don’t know. They ________ on the table but they’re not there now.’
6. You ________ at home last night. Where ________ you?
Упражнение 3. Поставьте слова в правильном порядке + was / were.
| The traffic was bad. No, it was easy. They were on holiday. Sixty pounds. Because you were late. Yes, it was beautiful. |
| 1. | late / you / this morning / why? Why were you late this morning? |
| 2. | difficult / your exam? ________________________ |
| 3. | last week / where / Ann and Chris? ________________________ |
| 4. | your new camera / how much? ________________________ |
| 5. | angry / you / yesterday / why? ________________________ |
| 6. | nice / the weather / last week? ________________________ |
Упражнение 4. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в форму Past Simple.
My young cousin, Ben, started (start) school last year. There 1_______ (be) fifteen children in the class. In the first lesson, the teacher 2_______ (read) a story. Then, the children 3_______ (look) at some pictures and 4_______ (write) the alphabet.
After the lesson, the children 5_______ (go) into the playground. They 6_______ (wear) their coats because it was cold. My cousin 7_______ (think) it 8_______ (be) home time. He 9_______ (walk) out of the playground and 10_______ (look) for his mum. My aunt 11_______ (not be) there so he 12_______ (sit) on the grass and 13_______ (wait) for a bus. Luckily, he 14_______ (not have) any money and the bus driver 15_______ (take) him back to school.
That evening, his parents asked him, 16‘_______ you _______ (leave) the playground this morning?’
‘Yes, I 17_______ (do). How do you know that?’
‘Your teacher 18_______ (phone) us!’
Упражнение 4. Поставьте слова в правильном порядке, чтобы получить вопросы в Past Simple.
1. live with? / did Harry Potter / Who
_____________________________
2. write / Did / the Harry Potter books? / Agatha Christie
_____________________________
3. film? / the first / was / Harry Potter / When
_____________________________
4. did / live? / Oliver Twist / Where
_____________________________
5. did / write Oliver Twist? / Charles Dickens / When
_____________________________
6. his / live / Oliver Twist / family? / Did / with
_____________________________
Упражнение 5. Вставьте глаголы в предложения в форме Past Simple.
| clean, die, enjoy, finish, happen, open, rain, start, stay, want |
1. I cleaned my teeth three times yesterday.
2. It was hot in the room, so I _______ the window.
3. The concert _______ at 7.30 and _______ at 10 o’clock.
4. When I was a child, I _______ to be a doctor.
5. The accident _______ last Sunday afternoon.
6. It’s a nice day today but yesterday it _______ all day.
7. We _______ our holiday last year. We _______ at a very nice place.
8. Ann’s grandfather _______ when he was 90 years old.
Упражнение 6. Прочитайте легенду озера Нарочь. Вставьте глаголы в Past Simple.
The legend of Lake Naroch
Many years ago there 1__________ (live) a girl called Nara. She 2_____ (can) sing very well and play the psaltery .She 3_____ (love) a young man and 4________ (want) to marry him. One day she was sitting near a large beautiful lake when a rich man 5________ (see) her. He 6_______ (like) Nara so much that he 7_________ (want) to marry her. As Nara 8________ (have) a fiancé (жених) she 9________ (not want) _______ to marry the rich man. But the rich man 10_______ (be) very stubborn (упрямый), and his servants 11___________ (kill) Nara’s fiancé and 12__________ (take) Nara to the rich man’s palace. The girl 13______ (be) so unhappy that when everybody was sleeping, she 14________ (set) fire to the palace, and 15_______ (run) away. When the rich man 16________ (learn) about it, he 17_____ (send) his servants (слуги) after Nara. As she 18___________ (can not) run away from them, Nara 19___________ (dive) into the lake and 20____________ (die). From that time the lake was named Lake Naroch.
Упражнение 7. Перепишите данный текст в прошедшем времени.
On Monday we have five lessons. The first lesson is English. At this lesson we write a dictation and do some exercises. Nick goes to the blackboard.
He answers well and gets a "five". Pete does not get a "five" because he does not know his lesson. After the second lesson I go to the canteen. I eat a sandwich and drink a cup of tea. I do not drink milk. After school I do not go home at once. I go to the library and take a book. Then I go home.
Упражнения 8. Перепишите данный текст в прошедшем времени (что рассказала мама).
On Tuesday I get up at half past six. I go to the bathroom and wash my hands and face and clean my teeth. Then I dress, go to the kitchen and cook breakfast for my family. At half past seven my son gets up and has breakfast. I have breakfast with my son. My son eats a sandwich and drinks a cup of tea. I don't drink tea. I drink coffee. After Breakfast my son leaves home for school. I don't leave home with my son. On Tuesday I don't work in the morning. I work in the afternoon. In the evening I am at home. My husband and my son areat home, too. We rest in the evening. My son watches TV, my husband reads newspapers and I do some work about the house. At about eleven o'clock we go to bed.
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