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(Исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные. Количественные местоимения.)
Исчисляемые имена существительные («подлежащие исчислению») – это слова, обозначающие названия конкретных предметов и абстрактных понятий, которые можно посчитать. Если их можно посчитать, они употребляются как в единственном, так и во множественном числе. Вот примеры исчисляемых имен существительных: table, picture, hour, holiday, boy, offer, decision, way-out и т. д.
Неисчисляемыми именами существительными («не подлежащие исчислению») являются названия веществ, абстрактных понятий, которые посчитать нельзя. А значит, и используются они только в единственном числе. Примеры: knowledge , silver , music , milk , water , furniture , advice и т. д.
В английском языке, как и в других языках, есть особая группа существительных, употребляющихся только во множественном числе. К таким существительным относятся прежде всего существительные, обозначающие парные предметы:
trousers (брюки), tights (колготки), shorts (шорты), jeans (джинсы), pyjamas (пижама), scissors (ножницы), tweezers (щипчики), binoculars(бинокль), glasses (очки).
Данные существительные согласуются с глаголами в форме множественного числа, а также с указательными местоимениями во множественном числе:
These trousers are two long. — Эти брюки слишком длинные.
| Исчисляемые существительные – это не только одушевленные конкретные, а и неодушевленные предметы, которые можно посчитать. Они употребляются и в единственном, и во множественном числе, а также используются с числительными и артиклями. Примеры : one book, two tables, tree chairs. | Вопросительное предложение | Утвердительное предложение | Отрицательное предложение |
| - Are there any apples? - How many apples are there? | - There are some apples. - There are a few apples. - There are a lot of apples. - There are too many apples. | - There aren't any apples. - There aren't many apples. | |
| Неисчисляемые существительные – одушевленные и неодушевленные предметы, которые невозможно посчитать. С числительными и неопределенным артиклем не используются. Примеры: bread, cheese, wood | - Is there any butter? - How much butter is there? | - There is some butter . - There is a little butter. - There is a lot of butter. - There is too much butter. | - There isn't any butter . - There isn't much butter. |
Часто нам необходимо выразить количество предметов не числительными, а количественными местоимениями. Варианты количественных местоимений в английском языке, а также их значения приведены ниже.
| Определители количества | С неисчисляемыми существительными | С исчисляемыми существительными |
| a lot of (много/большое количество) | ˅ | ˅ |
| much / too much (много/слишком много) | ˅ | Х |
| many / too many (много/слишком много) | Х | ˅ |
| a few (несколько/немного) | Х | ˅ |
| few (мало/недостаточно) | Х | ˅ |
| a little (немного) | ˅ | Х |
| little (мало/недостаточно) | ˅ | Х |
| some / any (немного/ совсем нет) | ˅ | ˅ |
Упражнение 1. Прочитайте анкету. Заполните пропуски в вопросах и ответьте на них.
YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT
What does your fridge say about you?
Do you questionnaire and find out
1. How much convenience food is there?
| ˅ | some | a lot | too much |
2. ________ vegetables ______ there?
| a few | some | a lot |
3. _______ fruit ______ there?
| a little | some | a lot |
4. ________ cartons of fruit juice ______ there?
| a few | some | too much |
5. _______ cheese is there?
| a little | some | a lot |
6. ____ milk is there?
| a little | some | a lot |
7. _______ melons _______?
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
8. ____ ham ________?
| a little | some | a lot |
9. ______ bottles of water _________?
| 1-2 | 3-4 | 5-6 |
10. ______ sausages _________?
| a few | a lot | too many |
| very healthy? | healthy? | ||
| unhealthy? | very unhealthy? |
11. Is your diet
Упражнение 2. Выберите правильный определитель количества и поставьте его на верное место в предложении.
a lot of
1 I've got a very sweet tooth. Can I have sugar in my coffee, please?
a much b a lot of c too much
2 Did you buy milk?
a some b a few c many
3 How coffee do you drink every day?
a many b much c some
4 There are grapes in the fruit bowl - only two.
a a little b a few c too many
5 There aren't avocadoes in the fridge.
a some b any c much
6 There is fruit juice for one person.
a too much b too many c a few
7 How glasses of water do you drink every day?
a many b much c any
Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски в диалоге.
| Doctor | Can you tell me about your diet? For example, how much convenience food do you eat? |
| Patient | I have two or three pizzas a week and a burger with chips for lunch every day. |
| Doctor | That's 2 t _______ m _____ . What about sweet things? 3 H____ m ____ sugar do you have? |
| Patient | I always have four big spoons of sugar in my tea and coffee. |
| Doctor | That is 4 t________ m_____ . Try to have only one spoon. Do you eat a lot of fruit and vegetables? |
| Patient | I buy a 5 f ________ apples and I eat 6 a l ______ cabbage sometimes. |
| Doctor | 7 H _________ m _____ apples do you eat each week? |
| Patient | Two or three. |
| Doctor | 8 H _________ m_____ broccoli do you eat? |
| Patient | About a hundred grammes a month. |
| Doctor | 9 H _________ m _____ beer do you drink? |
| Patient | I have three or four bottles in the evening when I'm watching TV. |
| Doctor | That's between 21 and 28 bottles a week. That's 10 t ___ m ___ . I'm afraid you have a very unhealthy diet. |
| Patient | What can I do? |
| Doctor | Here's 11 s________ diet information. Read it carefully and come and see me again next week. |
Упражнение 4. Перепишите вопросы, заменив some на «a little» или «a few».
1. Would you like some cheese?
2. Would you like some mineral water?
3. Would you like some strawberries?
4. Can I offer you some black coffee?
5. Can I offer you some bread?
6. Shall I bring you some biscuits?
7. Shall I bring you some plums?
8. Would you like some meat?
Упражнение 5. Поставьте подходящее слово из скобок.
1. There is too ______ (much/many/a few) salt in the soup. (В супе слишком много соли.)
2. There are ______ (much/a little/a few) sky-scrapers in our city. (В нашем городе есть несколько небоскребов.)
3. I’ve got ______ (much/a few/a little) albums of this singer. (У меня есть несколько альбомов этого исполнителя.)
4. My job allows me to travel ______ (much/many/a few). (Моя работа позволяет мне много путешествовать.)
5. We’ve got ______ (little/many/few) free time. (У нас мало свободного времени.)
6. I have never seen so ______ (much/little/many) stars in the sky. (Я никогда не видел так много звезд в небе.)
7. Anna spent ______ (much/a few/a little) days in Rome. (Анна провела несколько дней в Риме.)
8. I’d like just ______ (much/a few/a little) tea. (Я бы хотел лишь немного чая.)
9. There was very ______ (little/few/many) rain last autumn. (Прошлой осенью было очень мало дождей.)
10. Very ______ (few/little/much) Russian tourists are staying at our hotel. (Очень мало русских туристов проживает в нашем отеле.)
Упражнение 6. Вставьте much или many.
1. I don't eat _______ mangoes. 2. Не eats _______ fish. 3. She ate so _______ dessert that she is in bed today with a stomachache. 4. That man drank so _______ wine and he smoked so _______cigarettes that he has a terrible headache today. 5. Mary must not eat too _______ salt because she has problems with her blood pressure. 6. My mother says I eat too _______French fries and drink too _______ beer. She wants her son to be healthy. 7. There is not too _______ space in my flat. 8. There are _______ new pictures in this room. 9. There are_______ teachers at our school, and _______ of them are women. 10. _______ of these plays are quite new. 11. Thanks awfully for the books you sent me yesterday. — Don't mention it, it wasn't _______ bother. 12. _______ of her advice was useful. 13. He had _______ pairs of socks. 14. Please don't put _______ pepper on the meat. 15. There were _______ plates on the table. 16. I never eat _______ bread with soup. 17. Why did you eat so _______ ice cream? 18. She wrote us _______ letters from the country. 19. _______ of these students don't like to look up words in the dictionary. 20. _______ in this work was too difficult for me. 21. _______ of their answers were excellent. 22. _______ of their conversation was about the institute.
Упражнение 7. Вставьте little или few.
l. Не has got _______ friends. 2. I drink _______ coffee. I don't like it. 3. We must hurry. We've got very _______ time. 4. There are very _______ scholarships for students in this university. 5. The Smiths have _______ money. They aren't rich. 6. The theatre was almost empty. There were very _______ people there. 7. There was _______ lemonade in the bottle. There were _______ peaches in the basket. 8. I have _______ time, so I can't go with you. 9. He has _______ English books. 10. There is _______ ink in my pen. Have you got any ink? 11. There are _______ bears in the zoo. 12. Tom Canty was the son of poor parents and had very _______ clothes. 13. There is too _______ soup in my plate. Give me some more, please. 14. The children returned from the wood very sad because they had found very _______ mushrooms. 15. There was too _______light in the room, and I could not read. 16. There are very _______ people who don't know that the Earth is round.
Упражнение 8. Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов.
Немного денег, мало денег, несколько стульев, мало стульев, несколько песен, мало песен, немного веселья, мало веселья, мало мальчиков, немного воды, несколько человек, мало воды, мало воздуха, мало столов, несколько минут, несколько кошек, мало травы, немного удачи, несколько дней, мало работы, немного соли, несколько ложек, мало света, мало окон, несколько машин, немного сахару, мало яиц, мало сыра.
Упражнение 9. Вставьте little, few, a little или a few.
1. There is _______ salad left in this bowl. 2. Would you like _______ salad? — Yes, thank you. My doctor says it's good for my health. 3. I have _______ money, so we can go to the cinema. 4. I have _______ money, so we cannot go to the cinema. 5. This girl works very _______, that's why she knows nothing. 6. Mother gave us _______ apples, and we were glad. 7. He did not like it at the camp: he had very _______ friends there. 8. This lemon drink is sour; if you put _______ sugar in it, it will be sweeter. 9. This lemon drink is sour; if you put_______ lumps of sugar in it, it will be sweeter. 10. The hall was almost empty: there were very _______ people in it. 11. I can't buy this expensive hat today: I have too _______ money. 12. She left and returned in _______ minutes.
UNIT 5
Дата: 2019-02-25, просмотров: 268.