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Нажимая кнопку "Продолжить", я принимаю политику конфиденциальности

  1) What are faced with the task of mitigating negative market externalities?  

  2) Don’t price signals on the market fully reflect environmental costs associated with production and transportation of market goods?

  3) Is the trick to internalize environmental cost?

  4) What can be defined as the task of producing and maintaining environmental public goods?

  5) Appropriation problems are problems related to the use of limited resources, aren’t they?

Find the English equivalent s of the following Russian

Phrases in the text.

  1) Проблемы охраны окружающей среды;  

  2) модель потребления; 

  3) экологически чистые товары;   

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  4) экологическое состояние;   

  5) система орошения.

 

Fill in the gaps with the words from the box.

Each word can be used only once.

market public striking provisioning social distinction lead transportation problems responsibilities

 

   1) There is a number of __________ parallels between the challenges that __________ to the emergence of welfare states during the 20th century.

    2) The welfare state took on gradually increasing __________ for mitigating __________ and human costs of the market economy.

3) Price signals on the __________ do not fully reflect environmental costs associated with production and __________ of market goods.

4) A basic __________ can be made between provision problems and appropriation problems of securing a public __________.

5) Many environmental __________ can be seen as being both __________ and appropriation problems.

 

Circle the Odd Word Out.

1) Are‚ is‚ the;

2) economics, environmental, extent;

3) not, on, with;

4) consumer, market, problem;  

5) controlling, maintaining‚ monitoring.

 

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Translate the sentences into Russian

using the Future Indefinite Tense.

1) I am sure‚ he will make a report next meeting.

2) According planners’ estimation‚ the welfare of this region state will be improved in 2017.

3) We will probably change that plan tomorrow.

4) Environmental problems won’t be spoken about.

5) Level of our services will grow next year.

 

Text

Zoning regulations

     Zoning regulations are the most common regulatory tool used by local governments throughout the country to manage land use and development. Zoning evolved out of urban reform movements of the early twentieth century to address overcrowding and blight and to protect existing residential and commercial neighborhoods from encroaching development.

 Zoning ordinances divide a town, city, village, or county into separate residential, commercial, and industrial districts, thereby preserving the desirable characteristics of each type of setting. These laws generally limit dimensions in each zone. Many regulations require certain building features and limit the number and location of parking and loading areas and the use of signs. Other regulations provide space for schools, parks, or other public facilities.

 Zoning helps city planners bring about orderly growth and change. It controls population density and helps create attractive, healthful residential areas. In addition, zoning helps assure property owners and residents that the characteristics of nearby areas will remain stable.

     Zoning is used to regulate the location, type, and density of development  within  a  community  through  the delineation of one or

more zones or zoning districts, as depicted on a zoning map. There is no “right” way to craft or organize a zoning bylaw; local regulations are as varied as the communities that adopt them. Zoning regulations usually include the following, in some form:

     Statutory Authorizations, including adoption and effective dates, applicability and use for local regulation, and bylaw amendment and

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“severability” provisions that apply in the event that portions of the regulation are deemed by the courts to be invalid.

     Zoning Districts, including lists of uses allowed within each zoning district (for example, permitted uses requiring only administrative review and conditional uses requiring additional board approval), related dimensional and density standards (for example, minimum lot size, frontage, setback, and coverage requirements), and any other standards that are specific to each district.

    General or Supplemental Regulations that apply to all uses, as applicable. These often include standards for nonconformities, access and parking, performance, lighting, signs, and so on.

    Use Standards that apply only to specified uses as allowed within one or more zoning districts to include, for example, standards for homebased businesses, telecommunications facilities, extraction operations, and industrial and mobile home parks.

    Development Review Procedures, including the types of review procedures adopted for local use and related standards and application requirements. Regulations must specify the types and sequence of review to coordinate permitting activities and also the appropriate municipal panel (the planning commission, board of adjustment, or development review board) who is authorized to conduct each type of review.

    Administrative Requirements, including municipal appointments, powers, and duties; the issuance of permits and approvals; appeals and

variances; variance requirements; hearing and notice requirements; recording requirements; and violation and enforcement provisions.

    Definitions, which should include definitions for all listed uses and for technical and legal terms. Statutory definitions, where applicable, must be used.

    Zoning Map – typically a copy of the official zoning map(s), located in    the  municipal   clerk’s   office,   that    is  adopted  and

incorporated by reference in the regulations. Boundary descriptions also may be included in the regulations or noted on or appended to the zoning map. Information should be presented so that it’s easy to find and use. A table of contents or index is helpful.  Tables – for example, zoning district or use tables – are a useful way to highlight and summarize  information.   Graphics  can  and  should  be  used  to help

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illustrate terms and definitions. Often statutory requirements are incorporated by reference. This may shorten the length of the document, but it may also leave out information that’s important for local officials, applicants, and neighbors who don’t have ready access to state statutes.

 

Exercises