N.I. Lobachevsky is a great Russian mathematician and the creator of non-Euclidian geometry. He was born on December 1, 1792 in Nizhni Novgorod in a poor family. When N.I. Lobachevsky was a child, his father died, and the family moved to Kazan. There the boy learned at the “gymnasium” from 1802 to 1807 and in 1807 he entered Kazan University. At the University N.I. Lobachevsky spent the next forty years of his life as a student, professor and rector.

Lobachevsky became interested in mathematics when he was still a schoolboy and he remained true to this science al his life long. Lobachevsky did a lot to make Kazan University a first-rate educational institution. At the same time he made extensive researches into mathematics.

On February 23, 1823 a great event took place at Kazan University. N.I. Lobachevsky presented a paper “A Brief Outline of the Principles of Geometry Strictly Demonstrating the Theorem of Parallel Lines”. That day a new geometrical system, the so-called non-Euclidean geometry was born.

In the years that followed Lobachevsky wrote a number of works in the field of algebra and mathematical analysis. However, nearly nobody understood and recognized his works at that time. They were recognized only twelve years after his death. Lobachevsky’s ideas greatly influenced the development not only of geometry and other mathematical sciences, but also mechanics, physics and astronomy. One British mathematician called Lobachevsky “Copernicus of geometry”.

Пояснения к тексту:

non-Euclidean geometry       -       неэвклидова геометрия

to remain true to                    -       оставаться верным (чему-либо)

to became interested in         -        заинтересоваться

A Brief Outline of the Principles   - сжатое изложение основ

of Geometry Strictly Demonstrating    геометрии со строгим   

 the Theorem of Parallel Lines             доказательством теоремы

                                                              о параллельных

X. Прочитайте 4-й абзац текста и дайте письменный ответ на следующий вопрос:

What did his works influence?        

V вариант

I. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. Sally ... a very honest person. She never tells lies.

A. is   B. isn't C. do

2. Your socks ... all wet!

A. is   B. are   C. isn't

3. Where ... you from?

A. are  B. is     C. am

4. I ... here in Moscow to visit my friends.

A. are  B. is    C. am

5. I love the food. It ... excellent.

A. is not B. is   C. are

II. Составьте предложения, используя данные слова.

1. Homework/is/for/there/a lot/me/of/in the evening

2. Computer/a large/in/there/company/is/ building/this

3. Coffee/there/a cup/is/for/the table/of/you/on/for

4. There/many/to buy/are/things/ the shop/in

5. A carwash/is/at/there/the corner

III. Откройте скобки и поставьте глагол to have в нужную форму.

1. She (have) breakfast at 7.30.

2. I (have) my history lesson today.

3. My friends usually (have) a football match on Saturday.

4. We (have) homework after lessons.

5. Mary often (have) coffee in the evenings.

IV. Употребите местоимение, соответствующее данному в скобках.

1. Show (ему) your drawing.

a. him; b. his; с. her; d. them

2. Tell (им) about your new flat.

a. they; b. their; c. them; d. her

3. (Их) children are in ihe garden.

a. their; b. they; c. them; d. his

4. What colour is (его) bag?

a. its;  b. her;  с him; d. his

5. This town is very green because there are a lot of trees in (его) streets.

a. him; b. his;  с its;   d. it

V. Выберите по смыслу неопределенные местоимения и их производные.

1. Are there... students in the reading-room?

a) any    b) no    c) some  d) not any

2. Is there ... bread on the plate?

a) few    b) any    c) many    d) some

3. There are not... conveniences in the house.

a) some    b) no    c) any  d) much

4. There are ... interesting books in the bookcase.

a) some    b) any    c) much    d) few

5. Was there ... lecture on physics yesterday?

a) some  b) any    c) no  d) not any

VI. Заполните пропуски предлогами.

a) at    b) in    c) on    d) of

1. They have breakfast ... 8 o'clock.

2. Usually he is at home ... Sunday.

3. Will you go to the disco ... the evening?

4. He was ... the conference last week.

5. These students will have three periods ... the second ... March.

VII. Определите пo грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, заканчивающиеся на -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем притяжательного падежа существительных;

в) показателем множественного числа существительных;

с) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в настоящем

времени.

1) The sun is the source of all main forms of energy.

2) Today man converts energy into other forms of energy.

3) You may take Ann's book.

VIII. Раскройте скобки, используя прилагательное в правильной форме, как в примере. Переведите эти предложения.

This park is (quiet) in our town. - This park is the quietest in our town.

Этот парк самый тихий в нашем городе.

1. My first job was (tiring) than my present one. I had to work long hours.

2. The new car is (reliable) of all.

3. The train is (slow) than the plane.

4. Which is (close) shop in the area?

5. This method is (modern) than previous.

IX.  Прочитайте и переведите текст устно. Перепишите абзацы 1, 2, 4 и переведите их письменно.