В главном предложении (следствия) используется вспомогательный глагол should / would и глагол во времени Present Perfect, а в придаточном (условия) – глагол в форме Past Perfect:

If you had gone to bed in time you wouldn’t have overslept your interview.
Если бы ты вовремя пошла спасть, то не проспала бы собеседование.

Герундий

На русский язык переводится, как правило, как отглагольное существительное, деепричастие или причастие. Имеет активную и пассивную форму, а также формы настоящего и прошедшего времени.

1. Nowadays welding is used instead of bolting and riveting.

2. There are five types of stainless steel depending on the other alloying additions

3. His having worked in a factory helped him in his studies.

4. Tom is proud of being offered such important work.

Причастие

Причастие настоящего или прошедшего времени, чаще всего встречается в формах Continuous (I) и Perfect (II), если причастие относится непосредственно к существительному, оно, как правило, выполняет функцию определения и переводится как прилагательное. 

   Participle I

1. Do not add the fuel near an open flame welding arc or when the engine is running.

2. Always use the greatest care when working near moving parts.                                                    

Participle II

1. Pressure is always employed, and generally some heat is provided.

2. The unheated metal imposes a restraint on the above.

3. In arc welding, the weld metal comprises filler material plus the base metal that has melted.

Инфинитив

Инфинитивные конструкции различной сложности встречаются в технических текстах довольно часто. Наиболее типичны случаи употребления инфинитива в составе составного глагольного сказуемого, в качестве дополнения, обстоятельства цели и даже подлежащего. 

1. This technique is also used to join hard-to-weld or high carbon steels.

2. Weld with low current consistent with sufficient penetration to reduce the heat input to the work.

3. Alloying additions such as aluminium allow them to be hardened.

4. To weld in overhead position is difficult.

5. They are glad to have been bought this equipment.

6. When stainless steel is joined to mild steel, the mild steel can be often "buttered" with stainless steel.

Косвенная речь

При переходе предложения из прямой речи в косвенную изменяются личные и притяжательные местоимения, обстоятельства времени и места. Если вводное предложение стоит в прошедшем времени, необходимо изменить время глагола в соответствии с нижеприведенной таблицей.

Изменение наречий времени и места

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2 (ВАРИАНТ 1)

1. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст:

Retailing

Retailing is selling goods and services to the ultimate consumer. Thus, the retailer is the most expensive link in the chain of distribution. Being middlemen, they make their profit by charging the customer 25 to 100 per cent more than the price they paid for the item.

The retailers operate through stores, mail-order houses, vending machine operators. There are different types of retail stores: department stores, discount houses, cooperatives, single line retailers. The major part (over 95 per cent) of retail establishments concentrate on a single line of merchandise for example, food, hardware, etc. But nowadays there is a trend for many single line stores to take on a greater variety of supplies.

The retailer performs many necessary functions. First, he may provide a convenient location. Second, he often guarantees and services the merchandise he sells. Third, the retailer helps to promote the product through displays, advertising or sales people. Fourth, the retailer can finance the customer by extending credit. Also the retailer stores the goods in his outlet by having goods available.

2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What is retailing?

2. What are four different types of retail stores?

3. What are at least two types of retailing that do not include the use of a store?

4. In what way does a retailer serve a customer?

5. In what way does a retailer serve a manufacturer?

6. Which per cent of the price of the goods sold goes to the retailer?

7. What is the trend with a single line retailer now?  

3. Задайте 4 типа вопросов к предложению:

The retailer can finance the customer by extending credit.

4. Употребите следующие предложения в страдательном залоге:

1.They sell milk in this shop.

2. By six o'clock they had finished the work.

3. She showed me the dress which her daughter had made.

4. He will introduce me to his friends.