Тамбов 2018
О. А. Гливенкова, О. Н. Морозова, Е.В. Евенко, В.И. Копельник
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК:
ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ ПРАКТИКУМ
Утверждено Учёным советом университета
в качестве учебно-методического пособия для студентов 1–3 курсов
всех специальностей заочной формы обучения
Тамбов
2018
УДК 811.111:378.22(075.8)
ББК Ш13(Ан)-923
Р е ц е н з е н т ы:
Кандидат педагогических наук, доктор культурологии,
профессор кафедры лингвистического обеспечения бизнес-процессов
ФГБОУ ВО "ТГУ им. Г.Р. Державина"
Т.Г. Бортникова
Кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры «Международной, профессиональной и научной коммуникации» ФГБОУ ВО «ТГТУ»
Т.В. Мордовина
| Английский язык: лексико-грамматический практикум для студентов технических вузов: учебно-методическое пособие / О. А. Гливенкова, О. Н. Морозова, Е.В. Евенко, В. И. Копельник. – Тамбов: Изд-во ФГБОУ ВО «ТГТУ», 2018. – 96 с. - | |
| Данное учебно-методическое пособие представляет собой лексико-грамматический практикум и включает 6 контрольных работ по английскому языку для студентов I-III курсов заочного отделения всех специальностей. Контрольные работы составлены в двух вариантах, которые отличаются по содержанию, но имеют общую структуру: одинаковые по типу и количеству лексико-грамматические упражнения. В конце пособия представлен грамматический справочник, содержащий основные разделы грамматики английского языка, необходимые для выполнения контрольных работ. | |
УДК 811.111:378.22(075.8)
ББК Ш13(Ан)-923
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
| ВВЕДЕНИЕ | |
| Контрольная работа №1 | |
| Контрольная работа №2 | |
| Контрольная работа №3 | |
| Контрольная работа №4 | |
| Контрольная работа №5 | |
| Контрольная работа №6 | |
| грамматический справочник | |
| заключение |
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Предлагаемое учебно-методическое пособие «Английский язык: лексико-грамматический практикум» адресовано студентам всех специальностей заочной формы обучения и направлено на формирование компетенции, предусмотренных ФГОС ВО: ОК-5(способность к коммуникации в устной и письменной формах на русском и иностранном языках для решения задач межличностного и межкультурного взаимодействия).
Целью пособия является формирование и развитие у студентов умений и навыков различных видов чтения (просмотрового, поискового, ознакомительного, изучающего) англоязычных текстов общей тематической направленности. Основной теоретический материал, реализованный в комплексе упражнений по грамматике английского языка, что позволяет максимально эффективно развить умения и навыки правильного оформления речи в типичных коммуникативных ситуациях.
Особенностью овладения иностранным языком при заочном/дистанционном обучении является то, что объем самостоятельной работы студента по выработке речевых навыков и умений значительно превышает объем практических аудиторных занятий с преподавателем.
Для того чтобы добиться успеха, необходимо приступить к работе над языком с первых дней обучения в вузе и заниматься систематически.
Самостоятельная работа студента по изучению иностранного языка охватывает: уяснение действия правил словообразования, грамматических правил, заучивание слов английского языка, чтение текстов на английском языке в соответствии с правилами чтения, понимание текстов; построение вопросов и ответов к текстам; перевод на русский язык (устный и письменный).
Для успешного выполнения контрольной работы рекомендуется ознакомиться с Грамматическим справочником, представленным в конце пособия.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка.
1. Имя существительное. Множественное число. Притяжательный падеж.
2. Существительные в функции левого определения.
3. Времена английского языка групп Simple и Progressive .
4. Активный и пассивный залог английского глагола.
5. Способы перевода оборотов there is/are.
ВАРИАНТ 1
I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
a) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
b) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного;
c) признаком множественного числа имени существительного.
1. The Boeing company is an enormous American aerospace company which manufactures aircraft.
2. Boeing’s headquarters are in Seattle, Washington State.
3. The US government buys its military planes, system and space vehicles from Boeing.
4. Most scientists believe that what enters a black hole never comes out.
5. You can find many valuable researches and materials here.
6. A scientist's job is to ask questions.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их. Определите видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив.
1. The number of people benefiting from those satellites is growing.
2. He was having trouble finding a job.
3. When you see him next time he will be wearing a new uniform.
4. People are equal before the law.
5. Aristotle wrote about it in 300 B.C.
6. We are discussing - and will discuss in future - threats to international security.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. In Britain all learner drivers need to display «L» plates.
2. We will continue to need an effective and trusted police force.
3. This has become known as the "net oil export problem".
4. Most companies reduced exploration expenditures and focused on cost reduction, new mining techniques and product quality.
5. The situation in external product markets was generally favourable.
6. He left his number and name at the call center.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Progress on each phase is described below.
2. TV watchers are being fed with all kinds of violence.
3. A special Web page was created for the occasion.
4. The lecture on solar system will be delivered next Tuesday.
5. Josh was impressed with your speech.
6. A number of countries have lost almost all of their forests and more and more developing countries are being classified in the low forest cover group.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на обороты there is/are.
1. There is a lot of evidence that proves this fact.
2. There was some discussion after you left.
3. There are 52 police forces, or police authorities in Britain, each employed and paid by their local council.
4. There will be a large commission.
5. There are a lot of counterfeit banknotes in circulation.
6. There is a person who wishes to see you.
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод личных и притяжательных местоимений.
1. Whenever they meet, they quarrel.
2. I respect her moods and her wish to be alone.
3. The doctor was looking for him.
4. It’s your own business.
5. My statement to the police was used in evidence against me.
6. He left his last job to save his marriage.
VII. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы.
TRAVELLING AND TRANSPORT
Travelling has become an important part of our life. People travel not only on holidays but on business as well. Some people travel to other countries to get education.
People travel for different reasons. Some people travel to relax, to have a rest after a trying working year. Some people travel on business, to negotiate with their foreign counterparts or settle a deal. Some people travel to learn something new, they strive for new emotions and impressions.
Undoubtedly, traveling is a pleasant and useful experience. It broadens people’s mind, allows looking at current problems from a different angle and finding a better way-out from some difficult situation.
People choose different ways of traveling. But planes, trains, buses and cars enjoy the popularity among people the most. Planes are popular among business people who try to save their time as they carry passengers quite fast. Buses are suitable for travelers who want to enjoy the views of the country or city. They may be uncomfortable if the trip is too lengthy. Trains are the most popular means of transport among travelers as it is cheap and gives a possibility to rest on a berth.
Whatever country or city you choose, whatever way of traveling you choose the thing about traveling is your feelings, emotions, aims. This what makes the trip unforgettable and memorable.
1. Why does traveling become an important part pf our life?
2. What are the reasons of traveling?
3. Why is traveling useful for people?
4. What ways of traveling do you know?
5. What transport do business people prefer?
6. Why are trains the most popular means of transport?
VIII. Письменно переведите текст.
Environment
Our planet is the only place where a human being might live. Unfortunately, scientists haven’t yet discovered other planets, to where a person may move and live the rest of life. That’s why our task is to take care of the Earth and look after our nature and surroundings as well as possible.
A human being is able not only to create but also to destroy. Especially our earth suffers badly from pernicious actions of man. This applies to both people’s neglectful attitude to the nature – dropping of cigarette ends, rubbish on the earth – and industrial factories and natural appearances (e.g. acid rains).
Factories regularly emit harmful chemicals into the air. Petrol and gas, that are used by our drivers, also leave much to be desired. Apart from air pollution, water and soil are subjected to pollutions as well. When such fuels as coal and oil burn, they emit very dangerous smoke.
A person destroys not only environment, plants, animals, but also himself. Faster and faster man’s health starts worsening; children of weak immune system are being given birth. Forests are being cut down, and animals from the Red Book are gradually dying out. What will be next in our world of progressive technology remains undecided.
ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
a) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
b) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного;
c) признаком множественного числа имени существительного.
1. This company now develops products for Hewlett Packard.
2. At present the team of our firm consists of professional auditors, consultants and experts.
3. The state is a system of official institutions and organs.
4. John completely forgot his friend’s warning.
5. It also builds partnerships with other organisations that support such activities.
6. She presents the journalist’s material as the evidence.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их. Определите видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив.
1. So you became a scientist and I became a writer.
2. Those functions are becoming increasingly important.
3. The journalist was examining the documents all day long yesterday.
4. The electorate will increase in size from 500,000 to 813,000 electors.
5. I wrote the letters of resignation.
6. It is clear that the situation is not entirely satisfactory.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. The length of transmission lines of 400 kV and higher voltages is 4900 km.
2. This includes shop assistants, managers, automobile repair specialists, and, certainly, senior managers.
3. The contract period was 18 months.
4. The video game industry in 2005 became a 29 billion dollar business.
5. We help companies optimize their business processes, by effective using of modern IT technologies.
6. Many of the northern and Scottish cities also experience sharply enhanced rush hours.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The news is being reported in all newspapers.
2. The castle was built quite late - in eighteenth century.
3. If he starts speaking the secret will be revealed.
4. At common law, all fair and accurate reports of Parliament and the courts are protected by qualified privilege.
5. The candidates from different political parties were being discussed by the electors.
6. According to English law, people are innocent until they are proved guilty.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на обороты there is/are.
1. There are several important issues on the agenda of the meeting.
2. Today there is very limited cooperation in this area.
3. In many countries, there was not enough growth to create jobs.
4. Competition implies that there will be winners and losers.
5. Finally, there were proposals for future action.
6. There are three methods of international payment: a telegraphic transfer, a SWIFT transfer and a mail transfer.
VI. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод личных и притяжательных местоимений.
1. When she was abroad, she often used Skype.
2. We must invest in them, motivate them, and treat them with the respect that they deserve.
3. They e-mail each other all the time, they talk on the phone whenever they can.
4. I'll probably be working for him now.
5. As soon as we find out her legal address we shall contact you.
6. Please telephone him to send this message.
VII. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы
Healhty Way Of Life
Scientists say that in the future people will live longer. With healthier lifestyles and better medical care, the average person will live to 90 or 100 instead of 70 and 75 like today. When the human genome is decoded, we'll probably live up to 150. Incurable diseases will be cured, and "bad" genes replaced.
But that's tomorrow. And today, we continue to stuff ourselves with fast food — chips and pizzas, hamburgers and hot dogs. We are always in a hurry. We have no time to enjoy a home-cooked dinner with family and friends. We want to eat at that moment and we want to eat fast. What is tasty is not always healthy. Doctors say that chips and pizzas are fattening, cola spoils our teeth and coffee shortens our lives.
If we eat too much, we'll become obese, and obesity leads to heart disease, diabetes and other serious illnesses. But the world today is getting fatter and fatter. America is the world's leader in obesity, but Europe is quickly catching up.
Lack of exercise is another serious problem. We spend hours in front of our computers and TV-sets. Few of us do morning exercises. We walk less, because we prefer to use cars or public transport. Research shows, however, that young people who don't take enough exercise often suffer from heart attacks.
It's common knowledge that smoking and drinking can shorten our lives dramatically. Cigarette-smoking, for example, kills about 3 million people every year. Many of them die from lung cancer. Some aren't even smokers. They are people who live or work with heavy smokers. Yet many young people smoke and drink. Why? One answer is that tobacco and drinks companies invest enormous sums of money in advertising their products. For them cigarettes and alcoholic drinks mean money. For us they mean disease and even death.
We all know that the healthier we are, the better we feel. The better we feel, the longer we live.
1. Why do scientists say that people will live longer in future?
2. What unhealthy food do we eat?
3. What leads to heart disease?
4. What is one of the serious problems today?
5. What can shorten our lives?
6. Why do many young people smoke and drink?
VIII. Письменно переведите текст.
Internet
Internet is a worldwide network that transmits data to different parts of the Earth. Owing to the internet, humanity has a chance to share information, download or transfer files, communicate in various chat rooms as well as learn the latest news in the split second.
Every year users in a network are not growing smaller. On the contrary, their number is increasing. Two thirds of Americans regularly use the internet. The second place has been taken by the Asian countries - China and Japan. However, data are constantly changing. We can draw one conclusion from these indices - every day the number of users is growing rapidly.
Advantages of the global network are obvious. Internet is not only an entertaining place, but also a learning platform. Want to learn something - search the answer to your question on the internet. The answer won’t make you wait. Want to learn, for example, a foreign language – it’s all in your hands. Even higher education can be acquired via the World Wide Web. The only minus of the Internet is abundance of information. There is so much of it that at times you get lost in this web of communication.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка.
1. Особенности употребления и перевода неопределенных местоимений some и any и отрицательного местоимения no, а также их производных.
2. Функции глагола to be. Употребление to be в качестве глагола-связки, смыслового, вспомогательного и модального глагола.
3. Функции глагола to have. Употребление to have в качестве смыслового, вспомогательного и модального глагола.
4. Perfect Tenses (Active and Passive Voice).
ВАРИАНТ 1
I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности употребления местоимений some , any , no и производных от них.
1. Is there anybody here who can speak Japanese?
2. There's nothing that distinguishes them structurally from any of their competitors.
3. There are some interesting theories that, if I had time, I would tell you about.
4. Have you got any brothers or sisters?
5. I’ve tried phoning, but every time I phone there’s nobody in.
6. Is there any petrol in the car?
7. I’ve prepared something for dinner which you’ll like very much.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите, является ли глагол to be смысловым, глаголом-связкой, вспомогательным или модальным. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Don’t rush me. I am working as fast as I can.
2. He was at home when it happened.
3. Its mission is to encourage and promote development and maintenance of better roads.
4. I was to tell the professor that the book was a riddle.
5. I was wondering what she was doing there.
6. She is to be married soon.
III. Определите, является ли глагол to have смысловым, вспомогательным или модальным. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык.
1. After all, someone had to do it.
2. The value of increased flexibility has become obvious.
3. To have courage one must have faith.
4. Some countries have raised tariffs and have introduced other trade defence mechanisms.
5. Moreover, they had to work long hours, received very low wages and had to pay heavy fees to job placement agencies.
6. Learning has to be continuous and the training provided has to be responsive and flexible in order to reflect evolving needs.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения. Выпишите из каждого глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Computers had been installed and information technology training was provided.
2. I have received information from my colleague in France.
3. During that inspection no immediate intervention had been undertaken.
4. He will have done his homework by tomorrow.
5. Numerous topics have been suggested.
6. Now, new discoveries have revealed some of the most spectacular dinosaurs ever found.
7. I had prepared all papers by the time my chief entered the room.
8. By 2001 computers will have been supplied to all schools.
V. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы
ART IN OUR LIFE
Art is a way to show one’s emotions or communicate one’s thoughts. Art is an important part of people’s cultural life. There are different forms of art.
Painting is a practice of applying paint or color to a surface. There are a lot of genres and styles. For example, there are landscape, portrait and still life paintings. There are a lot of famous painters, such as Leonardo da Vinci with his Mona Lisa and Rafael with his Sistine Madonna.
Sculpture is one of the plastic arts. The process of work involves carving or modeling. Stone, clay or wood are the most typical materials.
Photography is also a form of art but is characterized by usage of various technical tools. Thanks to technological progress a photographer can create unforgettable images.
Theatre is a form of art where a group of people performs in front of a live audience. The performance is usually based on a real or imagined event. The actors communicate this experience to the public through gestures, songs and words.
Cinema is a relatively new form of art. The action is performed on the screen. Today, cinema is a very popular leisure activity.
Music has always been an important part of human’s life. Different genres of music can be used for relaxation, awakening, and what not. Everyone has heard about Ludwig van Beethoven, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and other great composers.
Architectural works are often perceived as a form of art. Architecture is quite versatile. There are a lot of styles, shapes and trends. One can’t help admiring the Sagrada Familia by Antoni Gaudi or the Winter Palace by Francesco Rastrelli.
1. What is art?
2. Enumerate the forms of art.
3. What is painting?
4. What are the most typical materials for sculpture?
5. Which form of art is characterized by usage of technical tools?
6. What kind of art is a popular leisure activity?
VI. Письменно переведите текст.
Advertisement
Advertisement is a marketing tool used to raise public awareness of a certain object. The main purpose of advertisement is to gain an interest of a prospective client in a product.
One of the main functions of advertisement is to attract public interest to something. It is also used to maintain this interest and constantly remind us of a product or a service. Along with that, advertisement is a good way to inform people of a brand or a company.
A lot of different types of advertisement have appeared with the development of mass media. Depending on a purpose, advertisement can be political, commercial or social.
According to the place, it can be outdoor and indoor. Advertising on TV, radio and in newspapers is, without any doubt, something that everyone is familiar with.
The main advantage of advertising is that it helps to generate sales. Thanks to advertising we learn about new products and services.
On the other side, advertisement is beyond our control. We cannot fully eliminate it, because it is everywhere.
It is not just an economic role advertising plays in our life. It influences on and forms our views and preferences. Besides, it makes us aware of a technological progress and development of other parts of our life.
ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности употребления местоимений some , any , no и производных от них.
1. I haven't accused anybody of anything.
2. There's nothing to worry about and nothing to investigate.
3. And you'll see, there's some damage to the surface of the coral.
4. Have you any facts to support this?
5. When I phone them nobody answers.
6. Is there anybody here who can help me with these models?
7. I'm trying something... to learn something new.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите, является ли глагол to be смысловым, глаголом-связкой, вспомогательным или модальным. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Undoubtedly, we are faced with both opportunities and serious challenges.
2. He did an internship there years ago when he was at the University of Miami Law School.
3. The task is to create the institutions that make that global society work.
4. I became his pupil, and he was to be my counselor and guardian.
5. When he came, I was writing a letter.
6. We are to do our job properly.
III. Определите, является ли глагол to have смысловым, вспомогательным или модальным. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык.
1. His insurance policy was expiring when he was 55, so he had to do it before his birthday.
2. Swensen has written two books about investing, one for professionals and one for the general public.
3. You don't have to buy anything, since we have everything we need.
4. The Government has taken a sound interest in the technical support service programme.
5. Maybe they had some business dealings?
6. Various activities had been undertaken in the field of human rights education.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения. Выпишите из каждого глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. As a result of the test, many recommendations have been suggested.
1. The United Nations had begun its peacekeeping operations in the Middle East approximately half a century earlier.
2. Some of those candidates had been selected but never recruited.
3. The family will have got serious financial difficulties by the time their guardian returns.
4. Where agreements have been reached, they have been broken soon after.
5. The process will have been completed by the end of 1998.
6. He has written a number of articles for magazines.
7. I had expected to get news by the end of the last week.
8. Recently there has been a constant increase in crime, including organized crime.
V. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы
EDUCATION IN MODERN WORLD
It is impossible to overestimate the importance of education in the modern world. Education has become the leading power of the technological progress and thus of the whole development of the humanity.
There are different levels of education in our country: pre-school, primary, secondary and a higher one.
Pre-school education comprises nurseries and kindergartens. Children there are looked after by professional nannies and educators. They are often taught to read and count.
There are different kinds of schools in Russia. All schools begin with primary education. It lasts up to the 5th form. The most of pupils go to secondary schools, others choose lyceums, gymnasiums, specialized schools. If pupils finish a secondary school successfully, they get a secondary education certificate. It gives them an opportunity to enter a university or an academy which are the institutions of a higher education.
Higher education institutions nowadays prepare Specialists, Bachelors and Masters. A diploma of a higher education makes it possible to find a better job.
The systems of education are not similar in different countries. In Britain there are three stages of schooling. The British have primary school, secondary school and post-secondary education. The latter includes further and higher education.
In the USA the system of education is very decentralized. That means every state has its own education laws. Generally, they have got elementary schools (6-11 years), intermediate schools (11-15 years) and senior high schools (9-12 grades). There are several ways to continue education: universities, colleges, community colleges, technical and vocational schools.
1. Why is education so important in modern world?
2. What levels of education are there in our country?
3. What does pre-school education comprise?
4. What kinds of schools are there in Russia?
5. Whom does higher education institutions prepare?
6. Is there any difference between educational systems in different countries?
VI. Письменно переведите текст.
Cinema
At the end of the XIX century the cinema started to gain its popularity. First motion pictures were very short, lasting for about a minute. They were black and white and silent. A few years later the duration of the films was already 15-20 minutes.
There are several types of films, such as short films, documentaries and feature films.
Short films may be considered as a separate genre. A lot of professionalism is required to convey a whole range of emotions within 15-20 minutes.
Documentaries are based on real stories and facts. Usually these are the films about historical events, famous people and so on. Educational films also relate to this category.
Feature films are the films where actors play a certain part. There are many different genres of feature films such as melodrama, comedy, thriller and other ones.
The rapid development of the cinema of Russia started at the beginning of the XXI century. A lot of films are aimed at large audience and are mostly entertaining. There are plenty of high-quality films.
Hollywood is the most popular film production place in the world. Every year thousands of films are created there. Hollywood films are full of special effects which attract millions of people to the cinemas.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка.
1. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
2. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
3. Perfect Continuous Tenses (Active Voice)
4. Согласование времен.
ВАРИАНТ 1
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимания на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий, а также конструкции, содержащие the…the; as…as.
1. The new class of electors had different and greater demands than those of the existing middle-class electors.
2. He spent much more money for defense than he expected.
3. Go to our office and choose the most reliable document.
4. The more I read it the more astonished I was.
5. He was as nervous as never in his life before the exam.
6. She is the most experienced specialist I have ever met.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The technology must be sufficiently flexible to provide useful results at many different levels of technological development.
2. Our goal is to provide the best service possible to our clients. Thus, we are able to carry out any necessary repairs.
3. Astronomy and solar physics should permit a global vision of the universe and a better understanding of how it evolved.
4. Additional calculations may be necessary.
5. The mechanic is asking if he is allowed to go now.
6. Science can explain everything nowadays.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения. Выпишите из каждого глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. We are all agreed on the need for change, we have been discussing it for years.
2. They had been correcting their mistakes for half an hour.
3. The Olympic Ideal has been living in the hearts of the Greek people for more than 30 centuries.
4. He will already have been learning German for four years when he enters the Institute.
5. The clerk has been collecting information on this matter of law for a month.
6. The had still been debating that matter long after the meeting was over.
IV. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на особенности перевода косвенной речи.
1. I thought they wouldn't come.
2. She wanted to know if it was connected to the symbols.
3. But when we got there he said he was thirsty.
4. He wondered if the agreement had been signed.
5. We were sure he would demand a ransom.
6. The Prime Minister announced that he would resign within a few weeks.
V. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы.
Mass Media
Mass media can be defined as channels of communication with the help of which information is delivered to the audience.
Despite today's abundance and variety of mass media, not everything can be ranked as such. Thus, for example, libraries or press conferences cannot be attributed to mass media.
There are 3 main features which characterize mass media. First, they must be periodic. Second, they are always aimed at a large audience. Third, there must be a speaker or any other source of information.
Press is a classic form of mass media. It includes newspapers, magazines, brochures and all other printed publications issued with a specific periodicity. Unfortunately, with the development of Internet and other means of media, press is experiencing difficult times.
Another category includes radio, television and Internet. Radio is a popular means of media, especially when travelling or driving. Television is, without any doubt, the most effective one with the biggest audience of all. Nowadays, with Internet playing a significant part in our life, mass media is gradually moving into virtual space.
It is difficult to overestimate the role of mass media in our life. Media influence people's consciousness, creating a certain public opinion. They also play a great role in the formation of a personality. With the help of mass media, it becomes possible to quickly learn about things that happen around the world.
1. What is mass media?
2. Name the main features of mass media.
3. What is the classic form of mass media?
4. What does press include?
5. What does another category of mass media include?
6. What is the role of mass media in our life?
VI. Письменно переведите текст.
Computer
Computers appeared in people’s life not long ago. In the middle of the 20th century common people had no idea about them. In 1951 the first commercially available computer was introduced. In 1975 personal computers appeared.
It is hard to imagine modern life without computers. The sphere of their application is very wide.
Most offices are equipped with computers to make calculations and work with documentation. Surgical operations which were not previously possible are performed thanks to computer technologies. Technologies are also used in modern education both by students and teachers.
Teenagers use computers for many purposes. Firstly, they play computer games, watch cartoons and films. Secondly, they do school tasks, read books and find various information on the Internet.
A comparatively new trend is communicating online. Such applications as Skype give an opportunity to talk to people who may be very far away in real time.
Computers do not have only a positive influence on children. One of the threats is being captured by a virtual reality. Some kids spend so much time at the computer that they forget about real people around them.
Consequently, they will lack important social skills in the future. Sitting at the computer children spoil their eyes and posture. So, adults should be very attentive to how long their kids use computers.
ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимания на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий, а также конструкции, содержащие the…the; as…as.
1. The new class of electors had different and greater demands than those of the existing middle-class electors.
2. He spent much more money for defense than he expected.
3. Go to our office and choose the most reliable document.
4. The more I read it the more astonished I was.
5. He was as nervous as never in his life before the exam.
6. She is the most experienced specialist I have ever met.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. We must create; we must build; we must innovate.
2. On the other hand, we agree that a decision does not have to be made right now.
3. Nuclear tests must cease and must cease immediately.
4. Market forces may also affect wage levels.
5. They are also allowed to have a bank account.
6. We can demonstrate that cooperation can work and that it can generate economic growth.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения. Выпишите из каждого глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. UNESCO has been collecting science and technology statistics from its member countries since the late 1990s.
2. They have been waiting for the decision of the Committee for an hour and a half.
3. We will have been having dinner for half an hour when you call for us.
4. This is the breakthrough we have been waiting for.
5. She had been searching for him since he ran off with Trixie.
6. The Government had been collecting information
7. I had been reading a magazine for some time when she came.
IV. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на особенности перевода косвенной речи.
1. Bruce confirmed that she had been living there for 2 years.
2. He said that he had worked the day before.
3. Mom said that Tom was tired because he had studied hard.
4. My son said that he had read the book twice.
5. They answered that they were looking for a place to live.
6. He said that he would be with me whatever what.
V. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы.
Television
The first attempts to get an image on the screen were made in the late XIX century. But the large-scale production of the first televisions did not start until 1930s. Soon, with the development of science and technologies, television became an essential part of our life.
Today, it is hard not to get lost in this diverse TV world. Thus, there is high definition television, which is characterized by images and sound of high quality. There is also smart-TV – television with integrated Internet. There is also 3D-television, which can only be watched with the help of special goggles.
Television is one of the mass media with the largest audience of all.
Due to its accessibility everyone can watch television despite their age and social status. Some people get an update on the latest news; others watch soap operas and talk-shows.
However, television does not exist for information and entertainment only. It can also be educational. That is why students and little children may find it useful as well.
Television came to our life about 100 years ago, but nowadays there is hardly a household without a TV set. Despite the development of other sources of information, TV remains one of the most important ones.
1. When did the large-scale production of televisions start?
2. What is the high definition television characterized by?
3. What is a smart - TV?
4. Why can everyone watch television?
5. What does television exist for?
6. What is one of the most important source of information nowadays?
VI. Письменно переведите текст.
Internet
There is hardly anyone who has never heard about Internet. A lot of people use Internet every day, among those students and teachers, children and businesspeople, housewives and pensioners.
Internet is a storehouse of every sort and kind of information and possibilities. With the help of Internet, we can communicate with those, who are far away, we can read books, watch films, shop without leaving the house. Some people work on the Internet, others treat it as a source of inspiration and personal development.
Internet helps us keep up to date. However, there are not only positive things to say about Internet.
Unfortunately, some people become incredibly dependent on it. They live in the, so-called, virtual reality, forgetting about their everyday responsibilities. Choosing to have Internet in our life, we must remember that too much pudding will choke the dog.
It is difficult to imagine what else Internet can surprise us with, however, one can be sure that its potential has not been fully discovered yet. Whether it will be something useful and necessary will depend on us.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 4
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 4, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка.
1. Неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения.
2. Функции глаголов . should, would
3. Типы условных предложений.
ВАРИАНТ 1
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения.
1. There isn’t anything in the table.
2. Somebody is speaking at the door.
3. Did you flight anywhere last year? No, I didn’t, but I’m planning to go somewhere this year.
4. Have you got any interesting books?
5. She asked me some questions.
6. Mary didn’t make any mistakes in the test.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, употребляя some , any , no .
1. Are there … pictures in your album?
2. We brought … good books from the library.
3. There are … people in the park because it is cold.
4. I can see … children in the yard. They are jogging .
5. Give me … juice, please. I am thirsty.
III. Переведите письменно следующие предложения на английский язык.
1. Дайте мне что-нибудь посмотреть.
2. Боюсь, она ничего не знает об этом.
3. Может ли кто-нибудь перевести это предложение?
4. У вас нет свободных мест? К сожалению, ничего не могу вам сейчас предложить.
5. Не хотите ли еще торта? Спасибо, но я больше не хочу.
6. В этом году мои родители посадили кое-какие цветы, но не сажали никаких овощей.
7. У него нет никаких причин сердиться на вас.
IV. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should, would.
1. He said that he would come at ten o'clock.
2. I told them that at two o'clock the following day I should be having a music lesson.
3. He said yesterday that by the time we were back he would have finished the letter.
4. We asked her several times to be careful, but she wouldn’t listen to us.
5. You shouldn’t give the children everything they want.
V. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы have to , has to или had to .
1. Susan can’t see us quite well. She … put on my glasses.
2. In London we … drive on the left side. In Moscow we … drive on the right side.
3. Jack … wear a uniform to his company.
4. Не knew he had to stay in because his friend was going to ring him up.
VI. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы must , mustn ’ t .
1. Kate looks pale. I think she … see the doctor.
2. It’s very slippery outside. We … run there.
3. You … throw litter on the pavement.
4. Pupils … look neat and clean at school.
5. You … make noise in the book store.
VII. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы mustn ’ t , don ’ t have to . Вставьте модальные глаголы.
1. You … leave your kids unattended at the railway station.
2. We … be late for the interview.
3. She … eat the soup if she doesn’t want to.
4. He … shout at us.
5. We … run. We have plenty of time before the concert.
VIII. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Раскройте скобки в условных предложениях 2 и 3 типа и поставьте глаголы в правильную форму.
1. If you … (have) a diploma, you … (get) this job.
2. My cat … (be) 10 years old today if it … (be) alive.
3. You … (not have) a car accident if you … (choose) another road.
4. I … (visit) Kate yesterday if I … (know) that she was ill.
5. I … (go) to the doctor if I … (be) you.
6. If people … (not buy) guns, the world … (become) safer.
IX. Прочитайте и выполните задания по тексту.
Дата: 2019-02-25, просмотров: 336.
