Banking

1. There are several ways in which consumers and businesses can use their savings or idle funds. They can deposit them in a commercial bank, they can take them to a savings bank or to a savings and loan association, or they can buy stocks and bonds. They can also keep excess funds completely idle by holding their cash in a safe place.

2. Since there is competition for savings, the bank must offer an attractive rate of interest. The higher the rate, the less likely it will be that savers will bring funds to the bank because people will prefer a more profitable way to save. Besides being saving institutions, banks serve another vital function. They act as a market for money. People and businesses in need of money are willing to pay for the use of it, just as people pay rent for the use of a flat or for a car they need only for some time.

Banks provide facilities for the movement of money. Businessmen borrow to expand their factories or stores, to increase their inventories and to buy machinery. They expand in the expectation that they will increase their profits. Businessmen must consider interest on loans as an added expense of any expansion.

3. Businessmen and consumers may postpone actions that require borrowed money when in their opinion the interest rate is too high.

4. There is another side to the bank's role in the economy. Since the prosperity of a bank is tied directly to the prosperity of the community in which it does business, bankers usually take an active interest in local development efforts to bring new industry to the area. They help and advise businessmen who are interested in setting up or expanding businesses. These businessmen are the biggest buyers of local government bonds. By buying these bonds they lend money for local improvements that will make their community a better place to live and to do business.

2. Ответьте письменно на вопросы после текста.

1) What are the ways in which consumers and businesses can use their savings?

2) Is there a competition for savings between banks?

3) Why do the businessmen borrow money from banks?

Какие предложения являются верными ?

1) There are several ways in which consumers and businesses can use their savings or idle funds.

2) The bank must not offer an attractive rate of interest.

3) Banks provide facilities for the movement of money.

4) Businessmen are the smallest buyers of local government bonds.

Дополните предложения .

1) Consumers and businesses can deposit their savings in a commercial bank; they can take them to a __________ bank.

2) Businessmen ________ to expand their factories or stores, to increase their inventories and to buy machinery.

3) Businessmen and consumers may ________ actions that require borrowed money when in their opinion the interest rate is too high.

4) Bankers usually take an active interest in local ________ efforts to bring new industry to the area.

5. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык:

сберегательный банк, процентная ставка, движение денежных средств, расширение бизнеса, одалживать деньги.

Контрольная работа 2

Вариант 1

Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4 абзацы. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1 и 2 абзацы.

The Internet

1. The Internet, a global computer network which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive a nuclear war. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the Internet will be able to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology is called packet-swithing. Owing to this technology, if some computers on the network are knocked out (by a nuclear explosion, for example), information will just route around them. One such packet-swithing network already survived a war. It was the Iraqi computer network which was not knocked out during the Gulf War.

2. Most of the Internet host computers (more than 50 %) are in the United States, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. Although the number of host computers can be counted fairly accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet, there are millions, and their number is growing by thousands each month worldwide.

3. The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people, who have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. However, other popular services are available on the Internet: reading USENET News, using the World-Wide Web, telnet, FTP, and Gopher.

4. In many developing countries the Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems of these countries. Commercial users can communicate over the Internet with the rest of the world and can do it very cheaply. When they send e-mail messages, they only have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for calls across their countries or around the world. But who usually pays for sending e-mail messages over the Internet long distances, around the world? The answer is very simple: a user pays his/her service provider a monthly or hourly fee. Part of this fee goes towards its costs to connect to a larger service provider. And part of the fee got by the larger provider goes to cover its cost of running a worldwide network of wires and wireless stations.

2. Ответьте письменно на вопросы после текста.

1) When did the Internet begin its work?

2) What is the most popular Internet service?

3) How does the user pay his/her service provider?