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9. испытывать
a) to experiment;
b) to experience;
c) to expect.
10. рост, развитие
a) growing;
b) grown;
c) growth.
11. товар
a) common;
b) community;
c) commodity.
12. дефицит
a) shortly;
b) shortage;
c) shortness.
13. распределять товары (по карточкам при дефиците)
a) to realize;
b) to request;
c) to ration.
14. быстро, мгновенно
a) overnight;
b) overman;
c) overly.
15. частый, распространенный
a) commonly;
b) common;
c) commonness.
Соотнесите слово с его определением.
| 16. to appear | a. a feature that renders something less acceptable; a disadvantage or problem; |
| 17. drawback | b. all the inhabitants of a particular place; |
| 18. an industry | c. extremely large; enormous; |
| 19. population | d. a period of ten years; |
| 20. huge | e. to come into existence or use; |
| 21. decade | f. a particular form or branch of economic or commercial activity. |
Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
22. Transport system ….. the public with important services.
a) have provided;
b) is providing;
c) provides.
23. The international economy ….. a basic change lately.
a) experience;
b) has experienced;
c) will experience.
24. The population of most developing nations ….. rapidly.
a) grow;
b) have grown;
c) is growing.
25.There ….. a great rise in the demand for coffee next year.
a) will be;
b) is;
c) was.
26. After the Second World War, more and more nations ….. economically powerful.
a) become;
b) has become;
c) became.
Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
27. Governments ….. decide to ban trade honestly or to prevent monopolies.
a) are allowed;
b) may;
c) were.
28. To decrease prices, you ….. reduce the cost of the product.
a) was able;
b) should;
c) have.
29. I ….. afford this car – it’s far too expensive.
a) must;
b) can;
c) can’t.
30. Products and services from different companies …. be the same.
a) has;
b) will be able;
c) must.
31. It ….. to do this for very long.
a) mustn’t;
b) haven’t;
c) won’t be able.
Заполните пропуски прилагательными в нужной форме и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
32. The ….. pens the company produces, the ….. these costs increase.
a) many, much;
b) more, more;
c) most, most.
33. Even in the ….. economies, like the USA, there is some government control.
a) free;
b) freer;
c) freest.
34. People in a rich country are ….. than those in a poor one.
a) healthy;
b) healthier;
c) healthiest.
Письменно переведите текст .
In England the countryside changed even more than the towns in the 18th century. Most farming at the beginning of the century was still done as it had been for centuries. Each village stood in the middle of three or four large fields, and the villagers together decided what to grow, although individuals continued to work on their own small strips of land. During the 18th century most of this land was enclosed. The enclosed land was not used for sheep farming, as it had been in Tudor times, but for mixed animal and cereal farms. People with money and influence persuaded their MP* to pass a law through Parliament allowing them to take over common land and to enclose it.
MP* (Member of Parliament) - член парламента
From: Маркушевская Л.П. Учебное пособие по страноведению: Великобритания. C. 76.
ВАРИАНТ № 5
1. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст.
The Mixed Economy
Most economists would say that there are no examples in the world today of a completely free market or a completely controlled economy. Instead, every country operates a mixture of the two systems.
Economies mix government control and free market values in different ways. One way is to let privately owned businesses exist alongside state-run industries. The economy becomes divided between the state sector and the private sector. The state sector often includes industries that the government thinks are important and need protection from the risks of the free market. These could include public transport, hospitals, schools and the postal service. The state sector can also include large industries that are important for a country’s economic health, such as oil, steel or agriculture. These are sometimes called primary industries* because they provide basic materials to manufacturers.
These state sector industries use money that the government collects in taxes. Often, they do not need to compete with other companies because no other company is allowed to provide the same product or service. However, many countries have recently started a process called deregulation.
Deregulation means freeing up the economy to allow private businesses to compete with state-run industries. The state sector should then run more efficiently in order to compete in the free market and because it now has less government protection.
Primary industry* - а) добывающая промышленность; б) базовые отрасли (угледобывающая, лесная, сельское хозяйство и т.п.)
From: Macmillan Guide to Economics, с. 21-22.
2. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы по содержанию текста.
1. What do most economists think about economies in the world today?
a) There are a number of free markets.
b) A completely planned economy exists in some countries.
c) A mixed economy exists in some way in all countries.
2. Why do governments choose to run some industries?
a) to collect taxes;
b) to be protected from the risks of the free market;
c) to encourage a divided economy.
3. Why do governments deregulate some industries?
a) to make the industries more efficient;
b) to protect them;
c) because there is too much competition.
3.Закончите предложения в соответствии с содержанием прочитанного текста.
4. Today, most economists describe economies in the world as ….
a) fully controlled.
b) a fully free market.
c) a combination of the two systems .
5. In a mixed economy, one can find …
a) only privately owned businesses.
b) only state-run industries.
c) a combination of the above-mentioned types.
6. Protection is necessary for some industries that the government considers …
a) to be slow-growing.
b) to be important.
c) to be unprofitable.
7. Money collected in the form of taxes come from …
a) the private sector industries.
b) the state sector industries.
c) primary industries.
8. In the process of deregulation, the state sector industries …
a) are able to compete with privately owned businesses.
b) are allowed to provide the same product or service.
c) have no government protection.
Дата: 2019-02-02, просмотров: 530.