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9. противоположность
a) oppositely;
b) oppositional;
c) opposite.
10. совершенный, идеальный
a) perfectible;
b) perfect;
c) perfected.
11. решение
a) solute;
b) solutioning;
c) solution.
12. производить, выпускать
a) to produce;
b) to demand;
c) to supply.
13. поровну
a) equality;
b) equal;
c) equality.
14. услуга
a) serve;
b) servant;
c) service.
15. позволить себе ч.-л. (с финансовой точки зрения)
a) to effort;
b) to afford;
c) to affect.
Соотнесите слово с его определением.
| 16. demand | a. to require (something) because it is essential or very important rather than just desirable; |
| 17. to need | b. the community of people living in a particular country or region and having shared customs, laws, and organizations; |
| 18. society | c. identical; not different; |
| 19. to share | d. a fixed regular payment, typically paid on a monthly basis especially a professional or white-collar worker; |
| 20. same | e. to give a portion of (something) to another or others; |
| 21. salary | f. the desire of consumers, clients, employers, etc. for a particular commodity, service, or other item. |
Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
22. People ….. goods and services.
a) produce;
b) is produced;
c) produces.
23. The government ….. a limit on wages increase.
a) set;
b) sets;
c) has set.
24. World trade ….. very rapidly.
a) grow;
b) have grown;
c) is growing.
25.The health of the world economy ….. greatly on international organisations.
a) depend;
b) have depended;
c) will depend.
26. The volume of world trade ….. over 4 per cent in 1975.
a) will fall;
b) has fallen;
c) fell.
Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
27. All countries …. make profits through international trade.
a) are allowed;
b) can;
c) were.
28. One ….. remember that low fields are better for potatoes, and the high ones are better for wheat.
a) was able;
b) should;
c) have.
29. For every buyer there ….. to be a seller.
a) must;
b) can;
c) has.
30. Economic anarchy ….. cause instability.
a) has;
b) will be able;
c) may.
31. The society ….. to decide how to divide the total output among its members.
a) must;
b) is;
c) may.
Заполните пропуски прилагательными в нужной форме и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
32. The ….. indicator of an economy’s health is GNP*.
a) good;
b) better;
c) best.
33. The ….. price of something, the ….. of it will be purchased and vice versa.
a) as low, as much;
b) lowest, most;
c) lower, more.
34. There are some black markets in which people buy things at prices much ….. than they should be.
a) high;
b) higher;
c) highest.
GNP * (Gross National Product) - валовой национальный продукт
Письменно переведите текст .
In London there was a new class of rich ‘aristocrats’, most of whom belonged to the nobility, but not all. Money could buy a high position in British society more easily than in Europe. After 1650 the rich began to meet in the new coffeehouses, which quickly became the meeting places for conversation and politics. Some of the old nobility, however, did not accept the new rich as equals. While the rich of London visited the coffeehouses, the ordinary people went to the drinking houses, called "alehouses", in town and country. These soon became the centre of popular culture, where news and ideas could be passed on. By the end of the century the government had secret informers watching the alehouses and listening for rebellious talk.
From: Маркушевская Л.П. Учебное пособие по страноведению: Великобритания. C. 68.
ВАРИАНТ № 4
Прочитайте и устно переведите текст.
The Planned Economy (II)
Before 1900, there were few examples of planned economies. During the 20th century, however, the planned economy became the standard for socialist governments like the USSR and China. These countries experienced amazing economic growth in a very short time. In a market economy, it takes a long time for big industries to grow from small companies. In a planned economy, however, huge industries can grow overnight. The government simply decides to spend money on factories and factories appear. Britain, for example, took centuries to develop her steel industry in a free market economy. China developed hers in a few decades.
But no economic system is perfect. The planned economy has many drawbacks. One of these drawbacks is problems with supply. It is difficult for governments of planned economies to know exactly how much to produce to meet demand. In a market economy, when the price of a commodity rises, this indicates a rise in demand. Companies then supply more to the market. This warning system doesn’t work in a planned economy because price is controlled by the government. The result is shortage.
When shortages happen, governments can do two things: ration goods or raise prices. In this situation, people then start to hoard things, and the problem gets even worse. As the population gets bigger, shortages like this become more common. For this reason, China – once the world’s biggest planned economy – is rapidly moving towards another system: the mixed economy.
From: Macmillan Guide to Economics, с. 20.
2. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы по содержанию текста.
1. When were there many examples of planned economies?
a) in the 18th century;
b) in the 19th century;
c) in the 20th century.
2. What do companies in a market economy do when the demand rises?
a) raise prices;
b) increase supply;
c) control prices.
3. What do people do when shortages occur?
a) amass money;
b) work more;
c) hoard things.
3.Закончите предложения в соответствии с содержанием прочитанного текста.
4. The planned economy is found in ….
a) capitalist countries.
b) democratic countries.
c) socialist countries.
5. In a planned economy, huge industries can grow overnight because …
a) the government doesn’t take part in the process.
b) the government allocates money in the process.
c) the government has problems with supply.
6. In a planned economy, suppliers can sell …
a) anything that is in demand.
b) anything they want.
c) anything people need.
7. In a market economy, greater demand for something …
a) makes it more expensive.
b) makes it cheaper.
c) means nothing.
8. Planned economies are difficult to run in countries …
a) with huge industries.
b) with small population.
c) with large population.
Дата: 2019-02-02, просмотров: 463.