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Страдательный залог в английском языке употребляется тогда, когда внимание говорящего сосредоточено не на субъекте, а на объекте действия. Глагол в страдательном залоге показывает, что подлежащее подвергается действию, а не само его выполняет. Сравните:
He translates a book. Он переводит книгу.
The book is translated. Книгу переводят.
Страдательный залог образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе и причастия II смыслового глагола, т.е. по формуле to be + Participle II.
The Passive Voice (Simple)
| Present Simple | Past Simple | Future Simple |
| I am asked Is asked. he, she, it we, you, are asked. they | I, he, she, it was asked We, you, were asked they | I, we shall be asked he, she, it, will be asked you, they |
| Меня спрашивают | Меня спрашивали | Меня спросят |
Глагол в страдательном залоге можно переводить на русский язык тремя способами:
1) Глаголом с окончанием –ся, -сь (строится);
2) Глаголом быть (в прошедшем и будущем времени) и краткой формой причастия (был построен, будет построен);
3) Неопределенно-личной формой глагола, (строят, строили).
При переводе следует выбирать тот способ, который лучше всего подходит в каждом отдельном случае.
He was sent to the library. Его послали в библиотеку.
He was sent a book. Ему послали книгу.
Упражнения
I. Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:
the written letter; the given examples; the taken book; the known rule; the shown film; the taught language; the told story.
II. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. This book was translated by my brother.
2. Fish is not eaten with a knife.
3. The letter will be written only tomorrow.
4. That nice cup was broken by little Tom.
5. Many guests were invited to the concept.
6. Engineers are wanted here.
7. Her voice was heart badly from the stage.
8. Your story won’t be understood by many readers.
9. The bridge was built in 1900.
10. I am sent for the doctor.
III. Переведите предложения на русский язык и поставьте их в отрицательную и вопросительную формы.
1. This work is usually done in time.
2. English is taught at our college.
3. These dictionaries are taken from the library.
4. This film is shown on TV.
5. The children are taken to the country.
6. I am given a good example.
7. The car is seen out of the window.
IV. Измените следующие предложения, поставив глагол в форму страдательного залога:
Образец: They speak much about the film.
The film is much spoken about.
1. We often send for the doctor.
2. They always laugh at him.
3. Everybody looks at him in surprise.
4. We listen to his lectures attentively.
5. They speak French here.
6. He usually helps us.
7. The students make many mistakes.
8. The parents give the children good advice.
9. She sings nice songs.
10. The boy asks many questions.
V. Измените предложения, употребляя пассивную конструкцию:
Образец: They spoke so much about that film.
That film was so much spoken about.
1. We asked them to wait.
2. People will read his poems.
3. They invited us to tea yesterday.
4. They sent for the policeman.
5. We look after the dog well.
6. Every morning he looks through the newspapers.
7. They will translate his speech into many languages.
8. We leave our coats and hats in the cloak-room.
9. They sent some equipment for the expedition.
10. Work in this field requires good knowledge of mathematics.
VI. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в форму действительного или страдательного залога:
1. The little house (to paint) white.
2. The children (to paint) the walls in the room.
3. I (to tell) a very interesting story by my old friend.
4. The teacher (to tell) us many interesting facts from the history of England.
5. They (to translate) the text as soon as they get the dictionary.
6. The text (to translate) soon.
7. When the letter (to write) he (to go) to post it.
8. The child (to put) to bed by his mother.
9. He (to know) as one of the best workers at the plant.
10. I (to know) many famous people.
VII. Переведите предложения на английский язык:
1. Детям дают хорошие советы.
2. Эти книги не берут в библиотеке.
3. В Канаде (Canada) говорят на английском и французском языках.
4. Нас часто спрашивают о нашей работе.
5. Французский язык не преподают в нашем колледже.
6. Их видно из окна.
7. О его книгах много говорят.
8. Эти песни поют повсюду.
9. Это правило известно всем студентам.
10. Эти истории всегда рассказывают и слушают с большим интересом.
VIII. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. How often are your meetings held?
2. Whom was the plan of our work made by?
3. Whom were you taught English by?
4. What new materials are used for clothes?
5. Books are sold in this shop, aren’t they?
6. Bread is taken from the bread plate by hand, isn’t it?
7. Is the knife used for fish?
8. What is usually eaten at breakfast?
9. Who is sent for when somebody is ill?
10. Are books in English read easily?
11. What holidays are celebrated in winter?
12. Whom are you visited by when you are ill?
13. What marks are received when students answer well?
14. What books are much spoken of?
15. Who will be invited to your birthday party?
16. What stories will be read next month?
17. What exercises will be done at home?
18. Who is always waited for?
19. What language is spoken in Italy?
20. When will the work be finished?
Дата: 2018-12-21, просмотров: 326.