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Основы профессиональной грамотности
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ
к практическим занятиям по дисциплине
«Английский язык» для студентов 2 курса 3 семестра
специальностей «Судовождение» и
«Эксплуатация судовых энергетических установок»
дневной и заочной формы обучения
Севастополь
2012
УДК.629.123 + 656.61.052
Основы профессиональной грамотности. Методические указания к практическим занятиям по дисциплине «Английский язык» для студентов 2 курса 3 семестра специальностей «Судовождение» и «Эксплуатация судовых энергетических установок» дневной и заочной формы обучения/Сост. Ю.А. Мороз, Е.В. Никитина. – Севастополь: Изд-во СевНТУ, 2012. - 48с.
Методические указания предназначены для практических занятий студентов групп ЭС и ЭД дневной и заочной формы обучения. В каждом уроке представлен текст, лексико-грамматические упражнения на закрепление материала урока и задания, развивающие коммуникативные навыки.
Методические указания утверждены на заседании кафедры Практики романских и германских языков (протокол № 11 от 14. 05. 2012 г.).
Допущено учебно-методическим центром и научно-методическим Советом СевНТУ в качестве методических указаний.
Рецензент: Михайлова Е.В., канд.филолог.наук, доцент кафедры Практики романских и германских языков СевНТУ.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Введение ………………………………….……………………4
1. Lesson 1. General Description of a Ship ..……………………5
2. Lesson 2. My Special Field ……………. …………………..12
3. Lesson 3. Safety Shipboard ……………….. …………….....19
4. Lesson 4. Life-Saving Appliances …………………………..26
5. Lesson 5. General Drills …………………………. …….......33
6. Lesson 6. Actions in Emergency. Types of Alarms………....40
Библиографический список ………………………………….46
Приложение А. Basic Vocabulary …………………………….47
Приложение В. Safe Working Practice ……………………….48
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Данные методические указания предназначены для студентов 2-го курса 3 семестра специальностей «Судовождение и безопасность судоходства» и «Эксплуатация силовых и энергетических установок».
Основная цель методических указаний – совершенствовать приобретенные ранее знания студентов по грамматике и лексики, расширить словарный запас по профессиональной тематике и научить вести беседу по следующим темам:
· Описание судна,
· Моя специальность,
· Основы правил безопасной работы на судне,
· Спасательные средства,
· Учения,
· Действия при нештатных ситуациях.
Методические указания состоят из 6 уроков, каждый из которых содержит основной и дополнительные тексты, упражнения для закрепления лексики соответствующего урока, а также творческие задания коммуникативной направленности. Лексический материал содержит профессиональную терминологию, фразы и команды, одобренные ИМО для общения на море. Словарный минимум каждого урока содержит слова и словосочетания, которые студенты смогут использовать при прохождении собеседования в компаниях, занимающихся набором плавсостава, и при общении на судне.
В отдельных уроках представлен дополнительный раздел «Comprehensive Reading», в котором подобраны дополнительные тексты по изучаемой теме и упражнения на закрепление лексики и терминологии.
Lesson One. General Description of a ship
Exercise 1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:
| 1. | starboard/port side | правый/левый борт |
| 2. | bulkhead | переборка |
| 3. | double bottom | двойное дно |
| 4. | freeboard | надводная часть судна |
| 5. | roll | бортовая качка |
| 6. | pitch | килевая качка |
| 7. | anchor | якорь |
| 8. | derrick | кран-стрела, деррик |
| 9. | winch | лебедка |
| 10. | to let out (mooring lines) | отдавать, выпускать (швартов) |
| 11. | hatch cover | люковое закрытие, крышка люка |
| 12. | gear | редуктор, привод, механизм |
| 13. | load line | грузовая ватерлиния |
| 14. | to stow | укладывать груз |
| 15. | tween deck | твиндек |
| 16. | poop | ют |
| 17. | forecastle | полубак |
| 18. | ||
Watertight compartment
a) пустые отсеки b) водонепроницаемый отсек c) танк для жидких грузов
Poop
a) надстройка b) полубак c) ют
Forecastle
a) полубак b) ют c) постройка
Double bottom tank
a) танк двойного дна b) двойная цистерна c) второй танк
Wing tanks
a) закрытые танки b) боковые цистерны c) топливные танки
Трюм
a) hold b) poop c) derrick
Грузовые помещения
a) accommodation spaces b) engine room c) cargo spaces
Камбуз
a) galley b) kitchen c) diner
Кают - кампания
a) cabin b) dinning-room c) mess-room
Живые помещения
a) accommodation b) cargo spaces c) living-room
Exercise 8. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. The raised part of the deck in the ship’s bow is called the forecastle and its raised part at the stern of weather deck is the poop.
2. Decks and bulkheads divide the hull up into several of watertight compartments.
3. The hull is divided into three main parts such as the bow, the stern and the part in between that is called amidships.
4. The after location of the engine room and bridge superstructure to gain more space for cargo are the most common on modern cargo ships.
5. If water floods one compartment because of an accident, closing the doors will trap the water there and prevent it from flooding other compartments.
6. On a diesel-electric ship, the engine turns a generator that supplies current to an electric motor connected to the propeller shaft.
7. Radio-telegraph equipment keeps ships in constant touch with the rest of the world.
8. Steam produced in the boilers through a series of gears drives the propeller shaft and makes the propeller revolve.
9. Different cranes, derricks and booms are necessary for cargo operations, especially if there is no possibility to use harbour's cranes.
10. The draught is the depth of the ship's bottom or keel below the water surface.
Exercise 9. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Чтобы обеспечить прочность и увеличить безопасности плавания корпус судна разделяется водонепроницаемыми переборками на ряд отсеков.
2. Форпик и ахтерпик используются обычно для забортной воды (балласта).
3. Отсеки, предназначенные для приема, воды, жидкого топлива или жидкого груза, называются цистернами или танками .
4. Отсеки судна, расположенные между вторым дном и нижней палубой и предназначенные для перевозки грузов, называются грузовыми трюмами.
5. На грузопассажирских судах в твиндеках размещают жилые помещения (accommodation).
6. Носовая приподнятая часть палубы называется полубак, а кормовая – ют.
7. На палубе грузовых судов размещено погрузочно-разгрузочное оборудование, например, лебедки, деррики, краны и т.д.
8. * Большинство современных судов оснащены разными системами, которые помогают эффективно использовать судно.
9. * Самые распространенные двигатели на судах – это газовые и паровые турбины, а также дизельные установки.
10. * Во время постановки судна к причалу используются механизированные лебедки, которые автоматически подают швартовы.
COMPREHENSIVE READING
Exercise 8. Look through the text and then decide which statement is TRUE/FALSE.
· In case of flooding the watertight compartments allow a ship to be afloat with a hole.
· Bulkheads are the special decks.
· All the structures below the main deck make up the superstructure.
· Overloading and faulty loading can lead to severe damage of a ship.
· Usually cargo is stowed in the tanks.
The main parts of a ship are the hull, the engines, the propellers, and the rudder. The main body of a ship is called the hull. The hull is the watertight shell of a ship. It is divided into a number of horizontal surfaces called decks. Bulkheads are walls built between the decks, forming compartments. Each compartment has special doors that, when closed, make it watertight. Those dividing up compartments are known as tween decks* on which the cargo rests. If water floods one compartment because of an accident, closing the doors will trap the water there and prevent it from flooding other compartments. Watertight compartments enable a ship to float even with a hole in its hull. The hull is divided into three parts: fore end, amidships and after end. The deck at the top of the hull is called the main deck. This deck covers the holds where the cargo is stowed. Several more decks may be above it. All the structures above the main deck make up the superstructure. At the fore end is the forecastle. At the after end the bridge superstructure and the poop are combined.
The ship's position below water must be closely watched. The overall shape of a hull is designed to make the ship as stable (steady) as possible. A ship must not roll (rock from side to side) or pitch (rock from front to back) too much. Most modern ships also use stabilizing systems to reduce rolling.
The angle that a ship is making fore and aft with the water is known as trim. The levels are read by numbers painted on the ship’s stem and called draught marks. A list or inclination from one side to another, caused by faulty loading, is known as heel. In the course of loading load lines must be watched above all. The load lines are engraved and then painted on the both sides of ships. The divided circle on the left shows the depth to which the ship may be loaded in summer time. Below this line are, on the grid to the right, two lines. The one marked W means winter loading, the lower one marked WNA means the maximum depth to which the ship may be loaded if she is going across the North Atlantic in winter. The other marks above these are: T for tropical, F for fresh water. These lines are shown on the ship’s Load Line Certificate. In case of overloading a ship, so that these lines are under water, the penalties are severe.
* the translation of the words in italics can be found in the exercise 1.
Exercise 9. Translate the text and write down all the pieces of equipment and machinery.
To have more space for cargo the engine room is located at the aft and near the bottom. The engine drives the propeller at the stern of a ship. The engines of most ships are steam turbines, gas turbines, or diesel engines. The largest and fastest ships have steam turbines. Steam produced in the boilers spins the bladed wheels of the turbine. The turbine, through a series of gears, drives the propeller shaft and makes the propeller revolve. On turboelectric ships, the turbine turns a generator that produces electricity for a motor. The motor, in turn, drives the propeller. Almost all merchant ships use oil as the fuel to heat the boilers that create the steam. Many of the most advanced ships have gas turbines. Gas turbines work much like steam turbines but use hot gases instead of steam.
On a ship, the engine room or ER commonly refers to the machinery spaces of a vessel. To increase the safety and damage stability (аварийная остойчивость) of a vessel, the machinery necessary for operations may be separated into various spaces. The engine room is one of these spaces and is usually the largest compartment of the machinery space. The ER houses the vessel's power plant, usually some variations of a heat engine - diesel engine, gas or steam turbine. It should be mentioned that the engine room of cargo ships typically contains several engines for different purposes. On some ships, the machinery space may comprise more than one engine room, such as forward and aft, or port or starboard engine rooms, or may be simply numbered. On a steamship, power for both electricity and propulsion is provided by one or more large boilers giving rise to the alternate name boiler room.
On a large percentage of vessels, ships and boats, the engine room is located near the bottom, and at the rear end of the vessel, and usually comprises few compartments. This design maximizes the cargo carrying capacity of the vessel and situates the main engine close to the propeller. With the increased use of diesel electric propulsion packages, the engine room(s) may be located well forward, low or high on the vessel, depending on the vessel use.
If equipped with internal combustion or turbine engines, engine rooms employ some means of providing air for the operation of the engines and associated ventilation. If individuals are normally present in these rooms, additional ventilation should be available to keep engine room temperatures to acceptable limits.
to house – быть оборудованным,
to comprise - содержать
power plant – силовая установка, энергоустановка
My Special Field
The name of our faculty is Marine Technologies and Navigations. Department which is one of the most popular in our Sevastopol National Technical University. The department consists of three faculties, including Navigation and Ship Power, and it trains not only specialists in the fields of Navigation and Ship Power Plant Maintenance, but also the engineers of different specialties: sea-going or marine engineers, electrical engineers, specialists for shipbuilding industry.
The students work hard on many subjects necessary for their future profession: Physics, High Maths, Strength of Materials and Theoretical Mechanics. The future engineers study Power-plant Maintenance, Motion and Ship’s Control, Strength of Ship, Marine Turbines and a lot more. As marine engineers they should know how to operate and maintain the propulsion and other systems onboard the vessel as well as carry out all repair functions onboard. Engineers are running and maintaining all machinery. They are generally more hands on and work with temperatures in the engine room spaces exceeding 45 - 50 degrees Celsius (122 degrees Fahrenheit).
The future navigators study the following subjects such as Marine Law, Navigation, Sailing Directions, Basics of Ships Steering, Astronomy, Global Marine Satellite System (GMSS) and Navigational Aids Maintenance. Before they become a navigator, the students will work as seamen. They will keep watch on the navigating bridge, paint, wash and scrub deck and complete the orders.
As shipping is an international industry, both future engineers and navigators will call at many foreign ports. For this reason they are also taught the English language to be able to communicate properly in case of necessity or urgency (emergency).
Exercise 3. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the name of your faculty?
2. What is your specialty?
3. What are the main subjects you study at the University?
4. When will you have your practical training? What is the main task of it?
5. What are the most important things you should know?
6. What do the marine engineers/future navigators do?
7. Why should you master your English skills?
Exercise 4. Give equivalents:
· in Russian: Sailing Directions; machinery space; GMSS, an electrical engineer, Strength of Material; bunkering operation, galley and laundry, mechanical equipment; to keep watch, officer-in-charge, to relieve each other of the watch; electrician; in the case of urgency;
· in English: вахта в машинных отделениях, служба эксплуатации, вахтенный (судовой) журнал, управлять, эксплуатация навигационных приборов, осушительная система, заводить (механизмы), эксплуатация силовых установок, быть ответственным за что-либо, быть подчиненным кому-либо, основы управления судном, теоретическая механика.
Exercise 5. Continue the following sentences:
1. My department is called … and consists of… .
2. The future navigators/engineers study the following subjects… .
3. We call navigators/engineers according to their rank … .
4. Every navigator/engineer must know… .
5. At first the future engineers/navigators usually work as … .
***
6. The engine department is headed by … .
7. A Chief Engineer subordinates only to the … .
8. … should know how to operate and maintain the propulsion and other systems onboard the vessel as well as carry out all repair functions onboard.
9. Motormen maintain … in the machinery spaces.
***
10. Deck hands participate in….
11. The master is responsible for … .
12. The chief officer in the absence of the master is ….
13. … keeps the Deck Officer’s log book.
14. … paint, wash and scrub deck.
COMPREHENSIVE READING
Question
Answer
Exercise 6. Read an abstract of the conversation between Port Inspector and Watch officer and then make up your own dialogue.
A: I am authorized to inspect your ship’s safety equipment. Show me your ship’s International Certificate issued to you under SOLAS Convention.
B: Here you are. I think everything is all right, as we were surveyed only a year ago.
A: Let me have a look. Well, all certificates are valid. And now if you don’t mind I’d like to make survey of your ship’s safety equipment. Will you show me to the boat-deck?
B: This way, please. We are on the boat-deck.
A: I see all boats are available here and provided with proper supplies and equipment. You’ve got only 7 life buoys, but under SOLAS Convention you are to have 8 ones. You should get the missing life buoy within 1-2 days through your agent.
B: So it will not delay our departure, won’t it?
A: Certainly, it won’t. I’ll visit you before the ship’s departure and check the availability of all lifesaving appliances once more.
B: Good. Settled.
Exercise 7. Choose the right variant.
1. Replace the life raft ___ the next port. a) within b) in c) through d) from
2. Jump ___ the water and board the life raft. a) near b) off c) into d) above
3. The life buoys are ____ the deck railing. a) through b) on c) from d) in
4. ___ each other when entering lifeboat.
a) Are not pushing b) Have not pushed c) Do not push d) Does not push
5. ____ the new crew members instructed on occupational safety?
a) Has b) Had c) Are d) Is
6. You ___ your immersion suit.
a) brings b) is bringing c) must bring d) to bring
7. ____ to your lifeboat stations. a) To go b) Go c) Goes d) Going
8. Lifejackets _____ in your cabins.
a) storing b) to store c) are stored d) is stored
9. Only twelve people ____ in the lifeboat.
a) is fitting b) can be fitting c) fits d) can fit
10. The safety manuals ____ last month.
a) issued b) has been issued c) was issued d) were issued
COMPREHENSIVE READING
Exercise 8. Look through the text and complete the following sentences.
1. Nowadays most of lifeboats are of …
2. Partially enclosed lifeboats are not suitable for …
3. Rescue boats can in calm water reach speeds of …
4. For launching life rafts they may be …
5. The main characteristics of the life rafts …
6. In case of flooding or abandoning a ship the seamen should …
7. … can be of different shapes, for example, … to keep a man afloat.
8. An Inflatable PFD is …
9. Modern ships are equipped with…
Types of Lifeboats
There are several types of lifeboats that are used on large and small ships. The material of this safety equipment can be wood, steel or aluminum, plastics and even rubber. Wooden or metal lifeboats require significant maintenance. Metal boats tend to corrode quickly if neglected, wooden ones can dry out and then become leaky. Glass-fiber carbon reinforced plastic lifeboats on the other hand have a high corrosion resistance and a low maintenance requirement.
Let’s speak about other classification of lifeboats. Totally enclosed lifeboats are self-regulating if all openings are closed watertight and the persons on board are belted into their seats. That is the normal condition even at launch. If a totally enclosed boat capsizes with the across or ventilation openings open it still possible to leave it above water. In open lifeboats everyone holds onto the lifelines. Before climbing into free-fall boats (спасательная шлюпка свободного падения), lifejackets are taken off and stowed in the boat.
Partially enclosed lifeboats are also used, particularly on passenger vessels. They are not suitable for free-fall launching.
Free-fall boats are totally enclosed lifeboats stowed on specially designed launching appliance at the stern.
Rescue boats may be of rigid or inflatable construction or of combination of both. Rescue boats have either an inboard or an outboard motor. That enables them to achieve a speed of at least 6 knots running and 2 knots towing.
Life Rafts
Each ship no matter its size is equipped with approved life rafts. Regulations and some additional requirements determine the number, type and carrying capacity of such a safety equipment.
There are different life rafts, they are thrown overboard type, davit launched type and large life rafts without any protective canopy and usable either way up.
Life rafts are automatically inflammable. For launching they may be thrown overboard or designed and positioned near launching appliances for launching fully manned.
All life rafts are so installed that they can be launched quickly, securely and safely – if possible by one man – even with 20° list, over the high side. For that reason life rafts are nowadays almost always stowed on swinging-out storage frames, inclined ramps or equivalent appliances.
Depending on the size of the raft the weight of a life raft including its packing and full distress equipment lies between 100 kg and 185 kg.
Every inflatable life raft afloat withstands all weather conditions at sea for 30 days. It can be thrown into water in its container and it has adequate stability in a seaway when inflated, the floor is waterproof and can be inflated for installation against cold. Life raft has a light on the top, inside and outside, an arrangement for collecting rainwater and a fitting for the radar responder or the aerial of the portable radio apparatus.
* the translation of the words in italics can be found in the exercise 1.
Exercise 9. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Life raft has a light on the top, inside and outside, an arrangement for collecting rainwater and a fitting for the radar responder or the aerial of the portable radio apparatus.
2. Some modern life buoys are fitted with a seawater-activated light, or lights, to aid rescue at night.
3. The material of the lifeboats safety equipment can be wood, steel or aluminum, plastics and even rubber.
4. Standard lifejackets must be orange, yellow or red, and have a whistle attached.
5. Life rafts are automatically inflatable and can be launched either automatically thrown overboard or by manually.
6. Most inflatable PFDs use a carbon dioxide cartridge to inflate.
7. Lifejackets use air or gas to keep the water afloat and must be inflated before they provide buoyancy.
8. Instructions for putting a lifejacket on are on the inside of the door to the wardrobe and/or on display cards on alleyway bulkheads.
9. Among the collective life-saving appliances the main ones are lifeboats, life rafts and lifebuoys.
10. Glass-fiber reinforced plastic lifeboats on the other hand have a high corrosion resistance and a low maintenance requirement.
Exercise 10. Translate the sentences into English
1. Спасательная шлюпка должна отвечать всем требованиям Морского Регистра.
2. Открытые шлюпки приводятся в движение с помощью двигателя и вдоль бортов шлюпки есть спасательные леера с деревянными или пластмассовыми ручками, за которые может ухватиться человек, находящийся в воде.
3. При опрокидывании полностью закрытая шлюпка самостоятельно возвращается в нормальное положение.
4. Плоты рассчитаны на 6 или 10 человек, они с наружной и внутренней сторон окрашены в оранжевый цвет.
5. Спасательные шлюпки изготавливаются из металла или стеклопластика.
6. Современные суда оснащены только полностью закрытыми шлюпками.
7. Спасательные плоты - очень эффективное спасательное средство, а на малых судах - основное.
8. Количество спасательных кругов зависит от длины судна.
9. Применение надувных жилетов на танкерах и пассажирских судах запрещено.
10. * Спасательный надувной плот состоит из основной камеры плавучести овальной формы, разделенной посредине на две равные по объему автономные секции.
11. * На внутренней стороне тента помещены: инструкция по первоочередному обслуживанию плота, схема расположения клапанов (предохранительных, поддува и сдува) и знаки азбуки Морзе.
12. * В случае аварии плот сбрасывается на воду, где с помощью механизма газонаполнения в течение нескольких минут приводится в рабочее состояние.
Lesson Five. General Drills
Exercise 1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:
| 1. | general drills | общесудовые учения |
| 2. | to excuse (from) | освобождать от (работы, обязанности) |
| 3. | muster list | расписание по постам (на случай аварийной или пожарной тревоги и шлюпочных учений) |
| 4. | emergency station | аварийный пост |
| 5. | crew on watch or watchkeepers | члены экипажа, находящиеся на вахте/вахтенные |
| 6. | fire drills | пожарные учения |
| 7. | boat drills | шлюпочные учения |
| 8. | life raft | спасательный плот |
| 9. | life buoy | спасательный буй |
| 10. | lifejacket , immersion suit | спасательный жилет, гидрокостюм для погружения |
| 11. | general alarm bell | общесудовой сигнал тревоги |
| 12. | to extinguish, extinguisher | тушить, огнетушитель |
| 13. | Emergency squad | аварийная команда/партия |
| 14. | port | иллюминатор, лацпорт |
| 15. | air shaft | вентиляционная шахта |
| 16. | fan, blower | вентилятор, воздуходувка или компрессор |
| 17. | fire hose | пожарный шланг |
| 18. | to lead out | разносить |
| 20. | affected area | аварийная зона |
| 21. | rank | должность, звание |
| 22. | fire and emergency station | пост по пожарному и аварийному расписанию |
| 23. | embarkation ladder | посадочный трап (шторм-трап) |
| 24. | general announcing system | общесудовая система оповещения |
| 25. | to stand by | стоять наготове, приготовиться к |
| 26. | boat stations | места по расписанию по шлюпочной тревоге |
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text, paying attention to the words in italics.
General Drills
General drills aboard ship are designed to prepare the crew to handle emergencies. By using a standard system of drills it is possible for a sailor to move from one ship to another and know what to do in an emergency. Any crewmember should know where his station is and what his duty is for each drill or emergency. This information is stated on the Muster List.
No one is excused from any drill unless permission has been granted by the department head. All crewmembers must familiarize themselves with the location and duties of their emergency stations upon reporting on board. Each crewmember is provided with an individual muster list card, which shows in detail the special duties to perform. Watchkeepers will remain on watch on signal to Emergency Drill.
Depending on the ship’s type and company’s safety policy fire drills are held once a week or once a month. The main function of each drill is to check the state of fire-fighting equipment and to improve the skills of the crewmembers during such an emergency. Fire drills are normally held in conjunction with boat drills.
During boat drills the special attention should be paid to the location of all lifeboats, life rafts, lifebuoys and lifejackets on board. Each boat drill must be entered in the logbook.
Any crewmembers must consult the Muster List immediately upon joining the ship.
It should be mentioned that all crewmembers must be instructed in the performance of their special duties. So, drills are held to train seaman to cope with real emergencies.
Exercise 3. Give brief answers to the following questions:
1. What is the function of general drills? 2. Where can any crewmember find any information about emergencies and his behaviour during them? 3. Who can leave a crewmember from participating in the drills? 4. Should you find out the particularities of new ship and its organization, if you join the ship? 5. Does crew on watch take part in the drills? 6. How many types of drills do you know? 7. What is the function of fire drills? 8. How often is fire drill carried out? 9. What is the equipment that is used during boat drills? 10. What is the main thing that should be mentioned about boat drills? 11. What is the logbook? 12. How often are boat drills carried out? 13. What is the difference between lifeboats and life rafts, if any? 14. Where are the lifejackets stored? 15. What do you know about the fire-fighting equipment?
Exercise 4. Give equivalents:
· in Russian: life rafts, to be on watch, joining the ship, general announcing system, oiler, rank, officer in charge of, to familiarize oneself, wiper, muster list, to be instructed, to grant permission, department head, boat station, ordinary seaman, to ensure, fire extinguisher, to lead out, helmsman, to keep the watch, boat drills, to give the alarm, emergency station;
· in English: шлюпочные учения, спустить шлюпку, пожаротушения, карточка со сведениями из аварийного расписания, общесудовая система оповещения, тревога, спасательный плот, разнести пожарный шланг, принимать участие в общесудовых учениях, получить разрешение, вахтенный, каюта, аварийный трап, иллюминатор, одеть спасательный жилет, поднять шлюпку, сделать запись в судовой журнал, покидать судно, спасательный буй, аварийный пост, ознакомиться с, освобождать от.
Exercise 6. Read the dialogue and then make up your own one.
A: You joined our ship only two days ago. A crewmember should be ready for general drills.
B: Thanks for your help. I have already got and learned my muster list card. But…
A: First of all, the locations of lifejackets and lifeboats should be known. Check the best way to get muster station and be ready to use fire extinguisher.
B: I see. By the way, how often are boat drills carried out?
A: They should be held with fire drills, but in practice we’ll take part in fire drills once a week, in boat drills and the exercise of man overboard one time in four months or when more than 5 crewmembers join the ship.
B: It means that next Sunday as far as I know next fire drill will be held together with boat drill.
A: yes, you are right.
Exercise 5. Match the term with its definition.
| term | definition |
| 1. muster or emergency station | a. It’s the place assigned to crew where they have to meet before they will be ordered to enter the lifeboats. |
| 2. boat station | b. A sound signal of seven blasts and one long blast given with the vessel’s sound system. This alarm is sounded to make aware the crew on board that an emergency has occurred. |
| 3. blast | c. It is sounded as continuous ringing of ship’s electrical bell or continuous sounding of ship’s horn. |
| 4. fire alarm | d. Place on deck that is assigned to crew where they have to meet according to the muster list when the corresponding alarm is released or announcement made |
| 5. general emergency alarm | e. A sound signal made with the whistle of the vessel. |
Exercise 7. Choose the right variant.
| 1. ____ the last man-overboard drill? a) Where are b) How is c) Why was d) When was | |
| 2. Is extra power available _____ an emergency? a) above b) near c) in d) within | |
| 3. _____ the company’s safety manual? a) Have read b) Read c) Have you read d) Read you | |
| 4. Have fire patrols ready ____ all areas. a) through b) in c)over d)with | |
| 5. Operate the lifeboat engine and then ___ back to the bridge. a) reported b) report c)reporting d)to report | |
| 6. ____ fire extinguishers are in the galley? a) How long b) How far c) How much d) How many | |
| 7. Some fires _____ because of electrical faults. a) occurs b) occur c) occurring d) does occur | |
| 8. ____ did the accident happen? a) That b) Which c) Who d) What time | |
| 9. Switch ___ the fire alarms. a) at b) from c)near d) off | |
| 10. Smoke is coming ____ the engine room. a) from b) for c) between d) on | |
Exercise 8. Choose one of the texts and translate it, then answer the questions. Be ready to make a brief report about the main sense of the text.
· What is the main function of the drills?
· What equipment is used during the drills?
· Who is responsible for the equipment?
· How often are the drills carried out?
· What is the signal to the beginning of the drills?
Text A. Fire Drills
Alarm for a real fire may be given at any time and it will be rapid ringing of the General Alarm Bells for a period of at least 10 seconds. An announcement is made twice over general announcing system.
For drill purposes, a fire may be in a specific place. The person who discovers an actual fire must give the alarm. Once the alarm has sounded personnel nearby should act to check or extinguish the fire. All other crewmembers respond to the alarm in accordance with the Muster List.
Emergency squad or party will assemble with equipment immediately upon the Emergency Signal. Fire pumps must be started, all watertight doors, ports and air shafts must be closed, and all fans and blowers stopped. Fire hose must be led out in the affected area.
All fire-fighting equipment must be kept in good operating condition ready for immediate use. The deck department is responsible for the maintenance and care, inspection and refilling of all portable fire-fighting equipment: fire extinguishers, fire hoses, fire nozzles, etc. The engine department is responsible for the maintenance and care of all fixed fire-fighting systems, fire pumps, fire mains and fire hydrants and sand boxes in the boiler rooms. This equipment includes piping, valves, bottles, controls and alarms.
Fire drills are held weekly or monthly depending on the ship’s safety and company’s safety policy. At each drill, the crew is instructed in the proper use of the various types of fire-fighting equipment.
Text B. Boat Drills
According the regulations boat drills should be held just before the departure of the ship, especially if new crewmembers have embarked, and at sea at least once a week.
During boat drills new crewmembers are familiarized with the working of the life-saving equipment and each seaman has an opportunity to improve his skills. The Third Officer is in charge of the life-saving equipment. From time to time some drills should be held with the life saving equipment, such as lowering a lifeboat in the water. Crewmembers test the engines in the lifeboats and check the emergency radio equipment in the lifeboat. Also they are shown video’s about the use of the life rafts and demonstrated the use of marine pyrotechnics.
Upon emergency signal the crewmembers should go to the muster station, where the tasks and instructions are made by the officer in charge. He determines the order in which seamen embark.
Drills are to be carried out under the best possible conditions for supervision in still water. Boat drills are if possible to be held when the ship is loaded to its deepest draft. That above all reduces the danger form the propeller. Everyone in the boat wears an immersion suit or lifejacket. RT communication using VHF radiotelephones is established between the bridge and the officer in charge of the drill and is maintained throughout the drill.
* the translation of the words in italics can be found in the exercise 1.
Exercise 9. Study the abstracts of muster list with the help of the dictionary. Lean by heart the name of the emergency stations and duties of the crewmembers.
Muster List (extract)
| № | Rank | Fire and Emergency Station and Duty |
Deck Department
Engine Department
life line – спасательный леер
length of hose – кусок/отрезок пожарного рукава
fire hydrant – пожарный кран
spanner – гаечный ключ
messenger - посыльный
foam extinguisher – пенный огнетушитель
Deck Department
Engine Department
inboard - внутренний
outboard – внешний, наружный, направленный от диаметральной плоскости к борту
after fall – кормовой фал
forward – носовой, передний
to secure plug – ввернуть пробку
davit - шлюпбалка
guy - оттяжка
gripes – найтовное крепление шлюпок
painter – фалинь
to attend – обслуживать какое-либо устройство
to turn out – проворачивать наружу
boat chocks – шлюпочные киль-блоки
Exercise 10. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Общесудовую тревогу объявляет вахтенный помощник в аварийных случаях (пробоина, взрыв, пожар и т. п.).
2. Тревогу «Человек за бортом» объявляет вахтенный помощник при падении человека за борт или обнаружении его за бортом.
3. Шлюпочную тревогу объявляют по указанию капитана в случае угрозы гибели судна.
4. Учебные тревоги объявляют только по указанию капитана, при этом вид тревоги должен предваряться (to be anticipated) словом «Учебная», например «Учебная общесудовая тревога».
5. Учения по общесудовой и шлюпочной тревогам должны проводиться не реже одного раза в неделю на пассажирских судах и не менее одного раза в месяц — на остальных.
6. На учениях по шлюпочной тревоге, проводимых как в море, так и на рейде (on the exterior anchorage), шлюпки спускают на воду поочередно, чтобы каждая из них спускалась не реже раза в 4 месяца.
7. Учения по тревоге «Человек за бортом» на всех судах проводят в море или на рейде не реже раза в месяц.
8. По этой тревоге на воду спускают полностью укомплектованную спасательную шлюпку.
9. По всем тревогам, кроме шлюпочной и «Человек за бортом,», экипаж жилеты не надевает, но обязательно подносит их к месту сбора.
10. Все учения записываются в судовой журнал.
Lesson Six. Actions in Emergency. Types of Alarms.
Exercise 1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:
| 1. | to tackle (emergency) | справляться с (нештатной ситуацией) |
| 2 | training/drills | тренировка/учения |
| 3 | seafarer/seaman/sailor | моряк |
| 4 | to be aware/ to familiarize oneself | быть осведомленным, знать |
| 5 | life-saving appliances | спасательные средства |
| 6 | rough weather | непогода, буря, ненастье |
| 7 | machinery malfunction | неисправная работа оборудования |
| 8 | collision | столкновение |
| 9 | flooding | затопление |
| 10 | grounding; to run aground | посадка на мель; сесть на мель |
| 11 | emergency team | аварийная партия/команда |
| 12 | standby team | резервная партия/команда |
| 13 | roving commission | команда, руководящая операцией |
| 14 | engine control room (ECR) | помещение пультов управления двигателем |
| 15 | EPIRB (emergency position-indicating radio beacon) | аварийный радиомаяк для обнаружения кораблекрушения |
| 16 | SART | аварийно-спасательный передатчик |
| 17 | ship specification | технические характеристики судна |
| 18 | salvage vessel | спасательное судно |
| 19 | shipwreck | кораблекрушение, обломки судна |
| 20 | second in command | заменяющий, заместитель |
| 21 | sick bay, galley | судовой лазарет, камбуз |
| 22 | distress call | сигнал бедствия |
| 23 | oil spill | разлив нефти |
| 24 | to be on stand by (engine) | быть наготове |
| 25 | to raise/to give/to sound the alarm | подавать сигнал тревоги |
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.
Actions in Emergencies
An emergency situation on ship must be handled with confidence and calmness, for haste decisions and “jumping to conclusions” can make the matters even worse. Efficient tackling of emergency situations can be achieved by continuous training and by practical drills onboard vessel. However, it has been seen that in spite of adequate training, people get panic attacks and eventually do not do what they should in an emergency situation.
As far as the seafarer is concerned, first and foremost, he or she must be aware of the different types of emergency situations that can arise on board ship. This would help in understanding the real scenario in a better way, and would also lead to taking correct actions to save life, property, and environment.
Officers and crew should familiarize themselves thoroughly with the Fire Training Manual and the training manual on Life Saving Appliances of the ship.
A ship crew must be prepared all the time to tackle and fight against any kind of emergencies which can arise due to reasons such as rough weather, machinery malfunction, pirate attack, human error etc. Such emergencies can lead to fire, collision, flooding, grounding, environmental pollution, and loss of life. To stress the importance of training for different emergency procedures and duties of personnel, muster list is provided onboard ship.
It should be mentioned that different teams are made to tackle emergencies like fire, flooding etc. these are command team that is operated from bridge, emergency team 1 that operates at the point of scenario, while emergency team 2 is a standby team and helping hand for emergency team 1. And also there are two more special groups such as roving commission that is a team working along with all other team and engine room team that stands by in engine control room (ECR).
The muster list is posted to keep the crew aware of the different emergency situations and duties to be performed if such situations occur in reality. Some of the important areas where the muster list is posted are bridge, engine, and accommodation alleyways etc., areas where ship’s crew spends the maximum of their time.
Exercise 3. Give brief answers to the following questions:
1. What emergency situations do you know? 2. Where can the crewmembers find out about their duties in emergency and types of alarms? 3. What is “emergency team”? 4. Where is the muster list posted? 5. What manuals should any crewmember look through regularly? 6. What kinds of trainings can be carried out? 7. What are the possible reasons of emergencies?
Exercise 4. Give equivalents:
· in Russian: emergency team, to tackle emergency, alleyway, life saving appliances, search and rescue manual, to inform the bridge, officer on watch, to give the alarm, muster list, prescribed actions, accommodations, engine control room, equipment malfunction, collision, proper actions to be taken, dedicated alarm, to throw life buoy, to hoist and launch lifeboat;
· in English: штатное расписание, механизмы в исправном состоянии, выполнять распоряжения, спускать спасательную шлюпку, сообщить на мостик, одеть спасательные жилеты, содержать судовое оборудование в рабочем состоянии, нападение пиратов, бросить спасательный круг, расположение огнетушителей, предотвращать загрязнение окружающей среды, не создавать паники, человек за бортом, различать сигналы тревог, короткий сигнал, длинный гудок.
Exercise 5. Read the dialogue and then make up your own one.
A: What should be done on receiving a distress report from a ship?
B: The ships management is to establish at once whether assistance can be provided. Then the course of the ship will be laid for the distress position and the ship heads with all possible speed to the place of the disaster.
A: What precautions can be considered and made aboard the salvage vessel in regard to the shipwrecked?
B: Compartments are prepared for accommodating the shipwrecked, blankets and dry clothing are placed ready. The galley prepares warming food. The sickbay is prepared for looking after injured or sick persons.
A: Where are the details of the procedures to be used described?
B: In the “Search and Rescue” manual which is on the bridge.
Use the words and expressions:
1) a man has fallen overboard (to throw a life buoy, to take care not to hit him, to sound the alarm signal, to lower lifeboat, to inform the Master, to send for a doctor, to render first aid)
2) unknown vessel is asking for help after the collision (to respond to SOS distress call, to break off the voyage, to proceed to the place of the disaster, to take command of search and rescue)
Exercise 6. Choose the right variant.
| 1. The muster list must be promptly updated when ___ crew changes. | a) have | c) there are |
| b) are there | d) are | |
| 2. It must be placed in charge of each boat and life raft a deck officer and also be _____ a second in command. | a) designates | c) designating |
| b) designated | d) designate | |
| 3. The Master should ensure the boat carrying the lifeboat radio has one crewman _____ this equipment. | a) will operate | c) operates |
| b) to operate | d) operate | |
| 4. A life buoy or a life jacket will help the man overboard to survive until he ____. | a) is rescued | c)will rescued |
| b) will rescue | d) be rescued | |
| 5. The Master decides when the ship is abandoned and if necessary he ____ a distress message to other ships. | a) sends | c) will send |
| b) is sent | d) will be sent | |
| 6. Any drill _____ to prepare the crew to handle emergency. | a)be designed | c) designed |
| b) is designed | d) is designing | |
| 7. Any crewmember is ______ with an individual muster list card with the special duties to perform. | a) providing | c) provided |
| b) provides | d) be provided |
Exercise 7. Look through the text and then decide which statement is TRUE/FALSE.
1. The special signal should be given in such an emergency.
2. Once a crewmember informs the bridge about the fallen person, he can be free.
3. The main concern is the location of a person overboard.
4. The ship should stop and not to move, because the fallen man will swim to it.
5. No flag should be hoisted in order not to distract another ship.
Man Overboard
Man overboard is a situation where in a ship’s crew member falls out at sea from the ship, no matter where the ship is sailing, in open seas or in still waters in port. A seafarer has to be very careful while performing his duties onboard vessel as a person can fall off the ship due to bad weather, swell in the sea, accidents, and due to negligence during. A man overboard is an emergency situation and it is very important to locate and recover the person as soon as possible as due to bad weather or rough sea, the crew member can drown or else due to temperature of the cold water the person can get hypothermia. A person will get unconscious after 15 minutes in water with temperature of 5 °C.
There is a dedicated alarm signal used onboard vessels and is same for all entire vessels sailing in international waters. Three prolong blast on the ship’s electrical bell and ship’s whistle is an alarm signal used for man overboard emergency situation. The first and foremost thing is Never to lose the sight of fallen person and inform others onboard by shouting “Man overboard” along with side of the ship i.e. port or starboard side until someone informs the bridge and raises an alarm.
As soon as bridge officer knows the situation, raise the ‘man overboard alarm’ and hoist signal flag “O” to inform all the ship staff and other ships about the vicinity. Throw a lifebuoy with smoke float, light (and SART if available) near to the fallen person. Ship’s engine must be slowed down and ship should be turned toward the fallen crew for recovery manoeuvre. Engine is to be on stand by all the time.
Exercise 8. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Regular training and drill must be conducted by the master of the ship to ensure that all crew members are familiar with life saving and fire fighting appliances.
2. A muster list is basically a list which is displayed in prominent areas of the vessel so that every crew member on onboard can read it on a go.
3. If someone falls overboard, you should shout “Man Overboard” and throw him a life buoy.
4. To tackle any emergency efficiently and fast, it’s necessary to inform the bridge and the watchkeeping officer as soon as possible.
5. If you get overboard get clear of the ship and continue shouting and splashing water as long as there is a chance that you will be heard and seen, then swim on your back to keep your body warm.
6. Life jackets and where appropriate, immersion suits, should be worn by the rescue boat crew.
7. If for some reason a ship is going to sink the crew must abandon it, but only the master can decide when and if the ship will be abandoned.
8. The muster list is posted to keep the crew aware of the different emergency situations and duties to be performed if such situations occur in reality.
9. Efficient tackling of emergency situations can be achieved by continuous training and by practical drills onboard vessel.
10. Officers and crew should familiarize themselves thoroughly with the Fire Training Manual and the training manual on Life Saving Appliances of the ship.
Exercise 10. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Предотвратить аварийную ситуацию является самой важной задачей экипажа судна, поэтому экипажу следует соблюдать меры предупреждения, содержать судно, его устройства и оборудование в рабочем состоянии и проводить тренировки.
2. У каждой тревоги есть свой сигнал, сигналы тревог повторяются 3-4 раза, а капитан или вахтенный помощник отдают приказ.
3. Существует несколько видов тревог – Человек за бортом, шлюпочная тревога, нападение пиратов, но самой основной является общесудовая тревога.
4. В аварийных ситуациях действия членов экипажа, находящихся на вахте, определяются судовыми расписаниями и распоряжениями капитана.
5. В судовом расписании указываются обязанности экипажа по каждому виду судовых тревог и тип одежды и снаряжения.
6. Каждый член экипажа обязан знать устройство и особенности судна, расположение всех спасательных средств и противопожарного оборудования, свои обязанности и действия по тревогам.
7. Три длинных сигнала означает тревогу «Человек за бортом», все не занятые на вахте обязаны встать по местам штатного расписания по шлюпочной тревоге, остальные поднимаются на ют и выполняют распоряжения старшего вахтенного офицера.
8. Если прозвучит общесудовая тревога (непрерывный сигнал в течение 25-20 секунд) а все аварийные действия будут начаты аварийной партией.
9. Сигнал из семи коротких и одного длинного означает шлюпочную тревогу, следует встать на места согласно штатному расписанию и необходимо быть в спасательном жилете и со своими документами.
10. Учебные тревоги подаются с разрешения капитана и предваряются (to be anticipated) словом «Учебная», по всем тревогам, кроме шлюпочной и «Человек за бортом», экипаж жилеты не надевает, но обязательно подносит их к месту сбора.
БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СПИСОК
1. Пивненко Б.А. Базовый учебник английского языка для инженеров-судомехаников./Б.А. Пивненко. - Одесса: Негоциант, 2007. – 352 с.
2. Ивасюк H.А. English for maritime cadets./ Н.А. Ивасюк. – Одесса: Феникс, 2005. – 206с.
3. Англо-русский морской словарь, 1500 терминов./под редакцией проф. Грибовского В.Ю. – СПб, издательский Дом «Литера», 2004. – 180 с.
4. Русско-английский разговорник для курсантов-судомехаников. Russian-Tnglish Phrase Book For Marine Engineer Cadets. / под ред. Шерешевская А.Д. – СПб., ГМА им. акд. Макарова О.С., 2005. – 255 c.
Приложение А. Basic Vocabulary
| starboard/port side | правый/левый борт |
| roll | бортовая качка |
| pitch | килевая качка |
| anchor | якорь |
| derrick | кран-стрела, деррик |
| winch | лебедка |
| to let out (mooring lines) | отдавать, выпускать (швартов) |
| hatch cover | люковое закрытие, крышка люка |
| poop | ют |
| forecastle | полубак |
Приложение В . Safe Working Practice
| safe working practice | техника безопасности |
| goggles | защитные очки |
| safety helmet | защитный шлем/каска |
| clogs | обувь с толстой деревянной подошвой |
| shoes with steel toe inserts ботинки с металлическими накладками | |
| welder shields | щитки сварщика |
| safety belts | ремни безопасности |
| sunstroke | солнечный удар |
| sunburn | солнечный ожог |
| safe shoes with heels and laces безопасная обувь с каблуками и шнурками | |
| special outfit | спецодежда |
| gloves | перчатки |
| nonskid boots | нескользящие ботинки |
| warm vest | теплая куртка |
| waterproof overall | водонепроницаемый комбинезон |
| respirator (in dusty conditions) | респиратор (в условиях запыленности) |
| breathing apparatus | дыхательные аппараты |
| first aid boxes | аптечки первой помощи |
Заказ № от Тираж экз.
Изд-во СевНТУ
Основы профессиональной грамотности
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ
к практическим занятиям по дисциплине
«Английский язык» для студентов 2 курса 3 семестра
специальностей «Судовождение» и
«Эксплуатация судовых энергетических установок»
дневной и заочной формы обучения
Севастополь
2012
УДК.629.123 + 656.61.052
Основы профессиональной грамотности. Методические указания к практическим занятиям по дисциплине «Английский язык» для студентов 2 курса 3 семестра специальностей «Судовождение» и «Эксплуатация судовых энергетических установок» дневной и заочной формы обучения/Сост. Ю.А. Мороз, Е.В. Никитина. – Севастополь: Изд-во СевНТУ, 2012. - 48с.
Методические указания предназначены для практических занятий студентов групп ЭС и ЭД дневной и заочной формы обучения. В каждом уроке представлен текст, лексико-грамматические упражнения на закрепление материала урока и задания, развивающие коммуникативные навыки.
Методические указания утверждены на заседании кафедры Практики романских и германских языков (протокол № 11 от 14. 05. 2012 г.).
Допущено учебно-методическим центром и научно-методическим Советом СевНТУ в качестве методических указаний.
Рецензент: Михайлова Е.В., канд.филолог.наук, доцент кафедры Практики романских и германских языков СевНТУ.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Введение ………………………………….……………………4
1. Lesson 1. General Description of a Ship ..……………………5
2. Lesson 2. My Special Field ……………. …………………..12
3. Lesson 3. Safety Shipboard ……………….. …………….....19
4. Lesson 4. Life-Saving Appliances …………………………..26
5. Lesson 5. General Drills …………………………. …….......33
6. Lesson 6. Actions in Emergency. Types of Alarms………....40
Библиографический список ………………………………….46
Приложение А. Basic Vocabulary …………………………….47
Приложение В. Safe Working Practice ……………………….48
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Данные методические указания предназначены для студентов 2-го курса 3 семестра специальностей «Судовождение и безопасность судоходства» и «Эксплуатация силовых и энергетических установок».
Основная цель методических указаний – совершенствовать приобретенные ранее знания студентов по грамматике и лексики, расширить словарный запас по профессиональной тематике и научить вести беседу по следующим темам:
· Описание судна,
· Моя специальность,
· Основы правил безопасной работы на судне,
· Спасательные средства,
· Учения,
· Действия при нештатных ситуациях.
Методические указания состоят из 6 уроков, каждый из которых содержит основной и дополнительные тексты, упражнения для закрепления лексики соответствующего урока, а также творческие задания коммуникативной направленности. Лексический материал содержит профессиональную терминологию, фразы и команды, одобренные ИМО для общения на море. Словарный минимум каждого урока содержит слова и словосочетания, которые студенты смогут использовать при прохождении собеседования в компаниях, занимающихся набором плавсостава, и при общении на судне.
В отдельных уроках представлен дополнительный раздел «Comprehensive Reading», в котором подобраны дополнительные тексты по изучаемой теме и упражнения на закрепление лексики и терминологии.
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