Exercise 7.16. Find the sentences with the Complex Object and translate them into Russian:

1) I want you to explain the following phenomena. 2) This observation permits us to draw some conclusions on the pathogenesis of the disease. 3) His physician did not allow him to start work until January. 4) Objective physical laboratory examinations showed them to be healthy. 5) Improved pre- and postoperative cardiopulmonary care can allow more patients to undergo surgery safely.6) We considered this method to be an interesting finding deserving confirmation. 7) Dr S. found the lipofuscin granules to appear for the first time at the age of 16 months. 8) The results lead us to believe that the technique is useful. 9) The use of such probes permits a general assessment of an extended region of the lesion to be made. 10) The scientists watched the levels change with the increase of temperature.

Exercise 7.16. Change the sentences as in the example:

Ex.         Не believes that they are experts in the field.

Не believes them to be experts in the field.

I think that she studies English.

I think her to study English.

We know that Dr Hill worked in this hospital last year.

We know Dr Hill to have worked in this hospital last year.

1) The therapeutist did not think that chills would recur after this course treatment. 2) At the follow-up examination the surgeon noticed that the patient had become better nourished. 3) Everybody believed that the initial diagnosis would be confirmed by X-ray and laboratory examinations. 4) The X-ray examination confirmed that the patient had organic change in the mitral, aortic and tricuspid valves. 5) The physician determined that the primary focus of infection had been eliminated due to antibiotic therapy. 6) Physicians consider that the loss of weight is one of the typical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis. 7) At the Institute of Cardiology in Moscow the researchers have found that mental overstrain is the factor causing the infarction in 35% of patients. 8) They have observed that the direct association between infarctions and the nerves occurs only in the age-group of patients over 40. 9) At the Institute of Experimental Medicine in St. Petersburg the scientists have found that cholesterol is produced in the body itself in the amounts sufficient to cause atherosclerosis. 10) Cardiologists have observed that children with congenital heart defects have no clinical manifestations of the disease until years after birth, when it may be too late to operate.

Exercise 7.17. Change the sentences from Active Voice into Passive:

1. The nurse sponges the patient's skin. 2. A poisonous remedy causes death. 3. This healing ointment relieves skin irritation. 4. The child takes cod liver oil. 5. The surgeon rinses his hands. 6. The doctor administers healing ointments. 7. The patient takes sedatives. 8. The doctor prescribes sleeping-draughts. 9. He rubbed in a healing ointment to relieve pain. 10. That drug caused a skin irritation. 11. I bought a medicine dropper at the chemist's department. 12. He handed in a prescription for the cough mixture. 13. The doctor administered laxatives. 14. The therapeutist heard moist rales. 15. The X-ray examination revealed lung troubles. 16. The doctor checked up my kidneys. 17. Professor will deliver a lecture in Histology tomorrow. 18. The therapeutist will put my sister on a sick-leave tomorrow. 19. My sister applies a hot- water bottle to her feet in the evening.

Exercise 7.18.Make the verbs in Active or Passive:

Oral hygiene _______ (to be) necessary to prevent cavities. This ________ (to consist of) regular professional cleaning (every 6 months), brushing at least twice a day, and daily flossing. X-rays ________ (to take) yearly to detect possible cavities in high risk areas of the mouth.

Chewy, sticky foods (such as dried fruit or candy) _______ (must/eat) as part of a meal rather than as a snack. If possible, brush the teeth or rinse the mouth with water after eating these foods.

Dental sealants ________ (can/prevent) some cavities. Sealants are thin plastic-like coatings which ________(to apply) to the chewing surfaces of the molars. These coatings _______ (to prevent) the accumulation of plaque in the deep grooves on these vulnerable surfaces. Sealants _______ (to apply) usually on the teeth of children, shortly after the molars erupt. Older people _______ (may/benefit from) the use of tooth sealants.

Fluoride ________often (to recommend) to protect against dental caries. It _________ (to demonstrate) that people who ingest fluoride in their drinking water or by fluoride supplements _______ (to have) fewer dental caries. Fluoride ingested when the teeth are developing ________ (to incorporate) into the structure of the enamel and _________ (to protect) it against the action of acids.

Topical fluoride _________ also (to recommend) to protect the surface of the teeth. This _________ (may/to include) a fluoride toothpaste or mouthwash. Many dentists ________ (to include) application of topical fluoride solutions (applied to a localized area of the teeth) as part of routine visits.