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GLOBAL SPREADING
People who speak English as a first or second language have their own variety of the language, each of which is changing independently of other varieties. There are many differences, for instance, between British English and American English, and between Australian, South African, Indian, African and Jamaican English, though all can be understood, more or less, by speakers of other varieties. Foreign learners of English learn one of the major varieties, usually British or American English or some sort of international English. As a global language, English can no longer be thought of as belonging only to British or American people, or to anyone else. This loss ownership is often uncomfortable, especially in Britain. As the number of people using English as their second language increases faster than the number who speak it as a first language, there a lot of drifts away from a British or American standard.
The status of English as a global language has unfortunately tended to mean that American people assume everyone speaks English, so they don’t bother to learn foreign languages.
However, better language teaching and an awareness of the advantages or speaking another language are slowly changing this situation.
Дайте відповіді на запитання.
1. How many varieties of English do you know? Name them.
2. Are there any differences between American English and the British one?
3. Why is the loss of a language ownership considered as disadvantage?
4. How do you understand the phrase “global language”?
5. How can the situation with the drifts away from a British or American standard be changed?
Знайдіть еквіваленти слів у тексті англійською мовою:
Мовний варіант, незалежно від, наприклад, світова мова, втрата власності, зростати, відхилення від, на жаль, припускати, не піклуватися про вивчення іноземної мови, однак, усвідомлення переваг.
Поясніть наступні терміни своїми словами:
Second language, global language, ownership, to drift, foreign learner.
ВИВЧАЄМО ІНОЗЕМНУ МОВУ
БРИТАНСЬКИЙ ВАРІАНТ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ. ДІАЛЕКТИ
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BRITISH ENGLISH
The term British English is used by linguists to contrast the form of English used in Britain with American English and also with Australian English, Indian English, South African English etc.
From the 15th century standards of pronunciation and vocabulary gradually became established. In the 18th century there was a lot of discussion about correct English, and Samuel Johnson dictionary, published in 1755, came to be considered an authority on the correct use of words.
Today standard English is used by educated speakers and is taught in schools and to foreign students.
COCKNEY
If you visit east London (the «East End» as it’s called) you can find some people who speak Cockney, a dialect of English. Even English people may have difficulty understanding a Cockney because of it’s pronunciation. And if he uses a «rhyming slang» and «back slang» they will probably not understand him at all.
RHYMING SLANG
In rhyming slang, words are replaced by other words or phrases, which rhyme. For example: dog and bone means ‘phone’; apples and pears means ‘stairs’; plates of meat means ‘feet’.
Sometimes names of places and people are used. For example: Rosie Lee means ‘tea’ (Rosie Lee was a gypsy fortune-teller). Often only the first word is used, so Rosie is used for ‘tea’.
BACK SLANG
Back slang is sometimes used by Cockney street traders or salesmen at Spitalfield — a fruit and vegetable market in the East End. Words are said back to front. For example: He’s taf means ‘He’s fat’.
The letters are not always changed exactly. For example: a delo namow means ‘an old woman’; Dug yed means ‘Good day’.
Cockneys use back slang to speak to each other when they don’t want other people to understand. For example in the market a salesman may be trying to sell the same thing at different prices to different people. To a Cockney friend he can say: «Right George, you can have it for rouf while he sells to another customer for five pounds.»
IT’S THE WAY YOU SAY IT
Most of the world considers English to be the lingua franca. Perhaps, but not all the world fully grasp it. Here are some examples of «alternative» English, found by the European Community translation service.
Spotted in a Moscow hotel room: «If this is your first visit to Moscow, you are welcome to it.»
Then there is the notice in Paris hotel lift, which reads: «Please, leave your values at the desk», while an Athens hotel might be getting more than it bargain for when it states: «Visitors are expected to complain at the office between the hours of 9am and 11am daily.» In a Tokyo hotel they warn the visitors: «It’s forbidden to steal hotel towels. If you are not a person to do such thing, please don’t read this notice.»
Дайте відповіді на запитання.
1. What does the term “British English” mean?
2. When did the standards of correct use of English words become established and how?
3. What dialects of English do you know?
4. What is ‘cockney’? Give some examples.
5. What is ‘rhyming slang’?
6. Who uses back slang and what for?
7. What do you know about ‘alternative’ English’?
Знайдіть еквіваленти слів у тексті англійською мовою:
Протиставлять, тощо, вимова, словник, поступово, труднощі, римований сленг, ззаду наперед, торговець, ціна, споживач розуміти, цінні речі, Афін, скаржитися, попереджати, заборонено.
Доповніть речення словами з тексту:
1. From the 15th century standards of ………… and vocabulary gradually became ………….
2. Today standard English is used by …………….. and is taught in schools and to foreign students.
3. If you visit east London you can find some people who speak ………, a ………….. of English.
4. Most of the world considers English to be ……………..
ВИВЧАЄМО ІНОЗЕМНУ МОВУ
АМЕРИКАНСЬКА АНГЛІЙСЬКА
Дата: 2016-10-02, просмотров: 311.