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Enterprises That Immune From Antitrust Code
1. Natural monopolies are quiet popular organization form that’s widely used in many countries. In most countries natural monopolies are basically the same, they are concentrated within same sectors of economy: railroad, underground, telecommunications, post etc. The main problem in that case is to find a pure natural monopoly; today natural monopolies are partly owned by private companies and persons.
2. In the USA natural monopolies operate in different areas of economy and that makes them different from Russian or British. At the same the USA were the first to elaborate antitrust code and in 1890 antitrust act was signed into law. This act vested government officials with an authority to investigate, seek and judge cases
where the provisions of the act can be violated. The initial goal was to advocate the right of people to consume products at reasonable prices through market competition.
3. According to the act “every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, or combine or conspire with any other person or persons, to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor…”. However we can cite examples of the enterprises that immune from antitrust code. Usually government itself regulates these monopolies and set reasonable prices for the services that the company charges.
4. Sometimes natural monopoly can concentrate the whole industry. It’s essential when the product or service is limited to a degree when it’s impossible to get profit without large monopolistic structure.
VII. Answer the questions:
1. Is it possible to find a pure natural monopoly?
2. What is the initial goal of the antitrust act?
3. Who regulates natural monopolies?
VIII. Complete the sentences (1- 9) with the words (a-i):
a) surplus b) wealth c) value d) household e) currencies f) origin g) payment
H) ties i) audits.
1. Currently outside …..…….are a normal and regular part of business practice.
2. Offers usually state the terms of ………. .
3. Britain has got very sound economic…..……with various countries of the world.
4. If a country sells more goods than it buys, it will have a ………….
5. The exchange rates for various ……..…. change every day.
6. His personal ……… is estimated at $15 billion.
7. The ……….of the money that financed the deal was unclear.
8. His research has been of little practical……..
9. Water quality is another key issue at the ………… level. Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
IX. Match (1-9) with (a-i) to make up sentences:
| 1. Economic growth enables the possibility to deal with 2. Consumer services are intangible products or actions 3. Monopolies restrict free trade, 4. Stricter controls on air pollution 5. The standard of living by country depends on 6. Economists conclude that allowing free trade in an economy 7. Women are disproportionately responsible 8. A monopoly is simply a market with only one seller. 9. Scarcity of economic resources | a) preventing the market from setting prices. b) many serious problems of poverty and homelessness. c) that are typically produced and consumed simultaneously. d) who's doing the measuring. e) would help to reduce acid rain. f) for child-care and home duties. g) improves welfare for society overall. h) forces people to make tradeoffs. i) with only one seller. |
Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
Variant IX
I. Choose the correct item.
1. They … two enterprises in Vietnam.
a) close down b) are closing down
2. She … the answers to our most recent questionnaire.
a) is now processing b) now processes
3. By the end of the next year the company ...this contract.
a) will have signed b) has signed Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:
| 1 | 2 | 3 |
Дата: 2019-07-24, просмотров: 434.