Affect – influence

Attempt – try

Calculate – compute

Challenge – question

Demonstrate – show

Identify – distinguish

Include – involve

Investigate – study

Provide – give

Exercise 3. Read extracts from academic books containing other key verbs. Give the synonyms to the following:

1) divide things into groups according to their type

2) discover or get proof of

3) explain

4) given

5) proved

6) (formal) tries

- In developing methods to explain the significance of health status measures, one can classify (divide things into groups according to their type) ways of establishing (discover or get proof of) quality of life into two main types.

- The length of time spent on the tasks may account for (explain) the decrease in motivation which was seen in many of the participants.

- The data presented (given) in Chapter 3 showed (proved ) that the age of the subjects was not the main factor.

- Political theory attempts ((formal) tries)to build bridges between different schools of political thought.

Exercise 4. Consider the table of using a verb + the noun form of the key verb in academic style and give your own examples with the words in bold. Rewrite sentences given below using the word in brackets and make any necessary changes to other words.

1 Erikson's theory explains provides an explanation the fluctuations in the figures for this period. (provides)

2 Bevan explored carried out an exploration into the relationship between family background and political ambition. (exploration)

3 The book describes provides a description of the life and times of Abraham Lincoln. (description)

4 Cheng's theory emphasizes puts emphasis on the importance of extensive reading in language acquisition. (puts)

Exercise 5. Complete each phrase with the appropriate noun.

1) investigate = conduct, carry out an came

into/of                   

2) illustrate = provide an consumes, generate of             

3) analyse = provide, carry out an played of

4) affect = have an investigated on

5) attempt = make an invalidate to/at

6) classify = make, provide a combincs/combined of

Exercise 6. Choose the best verb from Exercise 3 or Exercise 4 to complete these sentences. Put the verb into the correct form.

1 As can be seen from Table П, participation figures have been steadily falling since 1970.

2 Different authors have amounted for the President's actions in different ways.

3 Mendel attempted to devise a system for classifying the many different types of pea plant that he grew.

4 It is often most effective to present your data in a chart or table.

5 The data we have collected show that there has been a downward trend with regard to job satisfaction over the last 50 years.

6 The aim of the research is to develop a new software application which will help aviation engineers design more sophisticated aircraft.

7 The archaeologists should be able to use carbon dating techniques to establish exactly how old the bones are.

8 Charles Darwin attempted to explain the existence of different species in terms of evolution.