The Organization of American States is the world’s oldest regional organization, dating back to the First International Conference of American States, held in Washington, D.C., from October 1889 to April 1890. That meeting approved the establishment of the International Union of American Republics, and the stage was set for the weaving of a web of provisions and institutions that came to be known as the inter-American system, the oldest international institutional system.

The OAS came into being in 1948 with the signing in Bogotá, Colombia, of the Charter of the OAS, which entered into force in December 1951. It was subsequently amended by the Protocol of Buenos Aires, signed in 1967, which entered into force in February 1970; by the Protocol of Cartagena de Indias, signed in 1985, which entered into force in November 1988; by the Protocol of Managua, signed in 1993, which entered into force in January 1996; and by the Protocol of Washington, signed in 1992, which entered into force in September 1997.

The Organization was established in order to achieve among its member states—as stipulated in Article 1 of the Charter—"an order of peace and justice, to promote their solidarity, to strengthen their collaboration, and to defend their sovereignty, their territorial integrity, and their independence."

Today, the OAS brings together all 35 independent states of the Americas and constitutes the main political, juridical, and social governmental forum in the Hemisphere. In addition, it has granted permanent observer status to 69 states, as well as to the European Union (EU).

The Organization uses a four-pronged approach to effectively implement its essential purposes, based on its main pillars: democracy, human rights, security, and development. (

To strengthen the peace and security of the continent;

To promote and consolidate representative democracy, with due respect for the principle of nonintervention;

To prevent possible causes of difficulties and to ensure the pacific settlement of disputes that may arise among the Member States;

To provide for common action on the part of those States in the event of aggression;

To seek the solution of political, juridical, and economic problems that may arise among them;

To promote, by cooperative action, their economic, social, and cultural development;

To eradicate extreme poverty, which constitutes an obstacle to the full democratic development of the peoples of the hemisphere; and

To achieve an effective limitation of conventional weapons that will make it possible to devote the largest amount of resources to the economic and social development of the Member States.")

The Law of Treaties.

The Law of Treaties is a set of international and national rules that governs the life of treaties from their formation to termination, passing through all their effects and disturbances. The majority of international rules have been codified by conventions of universal vocation, the most important of which is the Convention on the Law of Treaties concluded between states (Vienna, 23 May 1969). The content of the convention is comprehensive but not exhaustive. It covers only interstate relations and excludes issues such as the international responsibility for noncompliance, the effects of the outbreak of hostilities, and state succession in respect of treaties. The conventional relations between states and international organizations and between different international organizations are regulated by the convention of 21 March 1986, which conforms to the 1969 convention. Besides, the succession of states in respect of treaties is the subject of the convention of 23 August 1978. Customary rules are applicable to all issues that fall outside the scope of application of these conventions. The dispositive character of a number of international norms and their references to domestic law explain the existence of numerous national provisions applicable to treaties. Treaties have existed since political communities have been willing to interact peacefully and are the best sources of rights and obligations. The coexistence and cooperation among international subjects rests substantially upon them. The progressive expansion of their material objects has been accompanied by a growing technical complexity.

Международное договорное право - ряд международных и национальных правил, который управляет жизнью соглашений от их формирования до завершения, проходя через все их эффекты и беспорядки. Большинство международных правил шифровалось соглашениями универсального призвания, самым важным из которых является Соглашение по Международному договорному праву, завершенному между государствами (Вена, 23 мая 1969). Содержание соглашения всестороннее, но не исчерпывающее. Это покрывает только межгосударственные отношения и исключает проблемы, такие как международная ответственность за несоблюдение, эффекты вспышки военных действий и государственную последовательность в отношении соглашений. Обычные отношения между государствами и международными организациями и между различными международными организациями отрегулированы соглашением от 21 марта 1986, которое соответствует соглашению 1969 года. Кроме того, последовательность государств в отношении соглашений - предмет соглашения от 23 августа 1978. Нормы обычного права применимы ко всем проблемам, которые выходят за пределы области применения этих соглашений. Установочный характер многих международных норм и их ссылок на внутригосударственное право объясняет существование многочисленных национальных условий, применимых к соглашениям. Соглашения существовали, так как политические сообщества были готовы взаимодействовать мирно и являются лучшими источниками прав и обязательств. Сосуществование и сотрудничество среди международных предметов опираются существенно на них. Прогрессивное расширение их материальных объектов сопровождалось растущей технической сложностью.

VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES

OSCE – The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europeis a treaty concerning the international law on treaties between states. It was adopted on 22 May 1969 [4] and opened for signature on 23 May 1969. [2] The Convention entered into force on 27 January 1980. [2] The VCLT has been ratified by 114 states as of April 2014. [3] Some countries that have not ratified the Convention, such as the United States , [5] recognize parts of it as a restatement of customary law and binding upon them as such.

Diplomatic Law.

Diplomatic law is that area of international law that governs permanent and temporary diplomatic missions A fundamental concept of diplomatic law is that of diplomatic immunity, which derives from state immunity

Key elements of diplomatic law are the immunity of diplomatic staff, the inviolability of the diplomatic mission and its grounds, and the security of diplomatic correspondence and diplomatic bags Famous cases involving the breaking of diplomatic laws includes the Iran hostage crisis in 1979, the shooting of a British police woman from the Libyan Embassy in London in 1984, and the discovery of a former Nigerian Minister in a diplomatic crate at Stansted airport1 in 1984

It is also an accepted principle of customary international law and is recognised between countries as a matter of practicality Diplomatic law is often strictly adhered to by states because it works on reciprocity For example, if you expel diplomats from a certain country, then your diplomats will most likely be expelled from that country

Consular Law.