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Нажимая кнопку "Продолжить", я принимаю политику конфиденциальности

  1) What are independent of money loan sizes?  

  2) Public    policy   should   be directed  toward   compiling  and

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verifying an information bank‚ shouldn’t it?

  3) What companies do specialize in high risk loans?

  4) Who establishes branches in proximity to a chosen market segment?

  5) Do empirical studies have attempted to test for mortgage deficiency?

Find the English equivalent s of the following Russian

Phrases in the text.

1) Управление кредитом;  

2) процентная ставка; 

3) соотношение риска и доходности;   

4) соотношение цены товара к сумме кредита;   

5) отсутствие спроса.

 

Fill in the gaps with the words from the box.

Each word can be used only once.

monopolistic banks tradeoff lending other variables areas finance demand communities

 

1) Rational __________ policies can produce higher interest rates (or lower term to maturity) in low-income __________.

2) __________ companies typically charge higher interest rates than __________.

3) The risk-return __________ should be the same in all __________.

4) A model of lending within the framework of __________ competition across space allows the derivation of interest rates as a function of both supply-side and demand-side __________.

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5) Revenues‚ on the other __________‚ are directly proportional to __________.

Circle the Odd Word Out.

1) Costs‚ determinants‚ interest;

2) the‚ these, this;

3) and‚ of‚ with;

4) according‚ lending‚ measuring;

5) banks‚ customers, variables.

 

Translate the sentences into Russian

  using negative pronouns.

1) You have no experience at all!

2) No information comes from them.

3) None of the companies charged high interest rates last year.

4) Am afraid‚ there is no demand.

5) None of us wanted to go there for two years.

 

Section 4

ECONOMY AND PLANNING MUNICIPAL SERVICES

Text

Municipal Services

The municipal public works function is to efficiently maintain public parks, roads, sidewalks, storm water drainage, the water distribution system, sewage collection system, and solid waste collection and disposal.

The negative impact of our current growth upon the environment will worsen if the status quo continues. Development affects our wildlife and natural open space corridors, wetlands, and shorelines, forcing wildlife out of natural feeding areas, and closing shellfish harvesting areas.

Unchecked growth can lead to a degradation of the natural environment, higher dependence upon the automobile, increased greenhouse gas emissions, and a loss of neighbourhood and community  character.  A coordinated planning can reduce the impact

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 of development on the environment by directing growth to compact centres and reducing the amount of land used in development.

Municipal services are much more expensive to provide when development is dispersed. While there is currently a sufficient supply of piped water to meet our needs for the next several decades, this is not necessarily the case in all areas relying on private well water. Some of these areas are already experiencing water shortages and more problems are likely to develop if we do not take adequate water supply into account in determining where to build new subdivisions.

The coordinated planning strategies of municipal services provide

many specific benefits over continuing with the current development pattern. These benefits are all interlinked. Improved settlement patterns reduce environmental degradation. Reduced environmental degradation improves economic opportunities for tourism, resource use, and protects quality of life. The potential benefit of planning to each of these sectors of society is outlined in more detail below.

Environmental :

• Protection of natural areas through connected parks and corridors;

• reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through transportation planning;

• more land left in natural state because less land is consumed for residential development.

Economic :

• Identification and protection of industrial sites;

• long-term financial planning;

• clarity to investors and developers;

• provision of an adequate supply of business/industrial park lands;

• protection of tourism assets, such as heritage and culture, and outdoor recreation areas.

Transportation :

• Improved access to employment centres;

• improved use of the existing transportation network through reducing congestion and improving transit use;

• reduced costs and improved services through the integration of the settlement pattern with transportation planning.

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Community:

• Promotion of walkable, mixed-use communities where people can be more active in their daily lives;

• a foundation for improved urban and community/neighbourhood design by outlining design guidelines;

• affordable housing for all levels of income/employment, close to major employment centres;

• growth areas of sufficient size to easily accommodate the projected demand for new housing, while supporting the goals of cost effective and environmentally sustainable growth.

Service:

• More people will have greater access to improved services at a reduced cost;

• a much higher percentage of homes on piped services than under the base case;

• faster average police response times and more people living within five minutes of a fire station.

Financial:

• The ability to anticipate what infrastructure is required, where and when based on a known plan;

• the acquisition of strategic parcels of land while they are still available and the scheduling of construction projects in an orderly cycle;

• by encouraging the right density in proposed developments and reducing the dispersion and distance between communities.

 

Exercises