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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ

БАШКИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

 

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК

В ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЕ

(АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК)

ПРАКТИКУМ

Для магистрантов Института экономики,

Финансов и бизнеса БашГУ

 

 

Уфа

РИЦ БашГУ

201 6

Печатается по решению кафедры иностранных языков

для профессиональной коммуникации
Института экономики,
финансов и бизнеса БашГУ.

Протокол № 2 (79) от 25.02.2016 г.

 

Составители: канд. филол. н., доцент С.В. Губик,                    канд. филол. н., доцент Э.Р. Шакирова.
Цель практикума – формирование навыков делового общения на иностранном языке в ситуациях профессиональной деятельности для решения задач межличностного и межкультурного взаимодействия.

Unit 1  Jobs and responsibilities

1.1   Your job is the particular work you do to earn money.You have a job title (such as Sales Consultant). The words 'post' and 'position' are more formal, and often used in job advertisements. The word 'occupation' is used on official forms.

Your job can be ... badly-paid, boring, challenging, depressing, hard, interesting, rewarding, secure, stressful,varied, well-paid.

Glossary

a job title	название должности, занимаемая должность
occupation	занятие, род или вид деятельности
badly-paid	плохо оплачиваемая работа
boring	скучная работа
challenging	работа, требующая отдачи всех сил
depressing	наводящая уныние,  удручающая работа
hard	тяжелая работа
interesting	интересная работа
rewarding	дающая результат; приносящая внутреннее удовлетворение
secure	надежное рабочее место
stressful	напряженная работа
varied	разнообразная работа
well-paid	хорошо оплачиваемая работа

 

Match the adjectives describing jobs with the most appropriate comment below.

 

Boring              challenging                    hard                

Rewarding       secure                              stressful           varied

 

1  'The job I'm doing at the moment is not easy. I haven't done anything like this before.' hard

2  'I feel worried all the time - I just can't relax. Even when I come home I think about work. _____

3  'Every day the same old thing. Nothing interesting ever happens in this office.' _____

4  'Yes, it's true that my job can be difficult at times - but I enjoy finding solutions to new problems. It makes things interesting.' _____

5  'In my job no two days are the same - different people to meet, new projects, different things to do. I never get bored.' _____

6  'I come home at the end of the day and I feel happy and satisfied. I know that I have really helped people in their lives.'_____

7  'I'm not worried about losing my job - even in a recession they will always need people like me. _____

 

Describing your job

To work internationally, you must be able to ask and answer basic business questions.

 

1	What do you do? What’s your job? What kind of work do you do? What do you do for a living?	I’m an __________. (job) I’m an accountant \ an economist. I’m in __________. (field) I’m in banking/ advertising. I work for __________. (employer) I work for BMW. I work as a ____________. (job) I work as a legal secretary.
2	What’s your position? Which department do you work in? Which division do you head up?	I’m __________. (position, area) I’m Head of the marketing department. I’m the __________. (position, area) I’m the supervisor of the production department.
3	What line of business are you in?	I’m in the __________ business. I’m in the fashion business/ interior design business.
4	Which sector are you in?	I’m in the __________ sector. I’m in the public sector /the manufacturing sector.
5	What industry are you in?	I’m in the __________ industry. I’m in the pharmaceutical industry/ the automotive industry.
6	Where do you work? Who do you work for?	I work for __________. (emphasizes the company as employer) I work for Microsoft.
7	Where do you work? Which branch? Which campus? Which location?	I work at __________. (emphasizes the physical location of employment) I work at the downtown branch of Royal Bank. I work at the Intel headquarters.
8	Where do you work? Which city? Which country?	I work in __________. (city, country or continent) I work in Brazil/ Africa.
9	Where do you work?	I work in __________. (building) I work in a research lab/ a restaurant.
10	Where do you work? Which floor?	I work on __________. (outdoor or specific locations) I work on an oil rig/ a construction site/ the 16th floor.
11	When do you work?	I work from 9 to 5/ on the weekends/ the night shift.
12	What are your working hours?	I work from 12 to 8. I work 10 hours a day.
13	When do you start work?	I start work at 8am.
14	When do you finish work? When do you get off work? (informal)	I usually finish work at 10pm. I usually go home at 6pm.
15	How long have you worked / have you been working here?	I have worked here for 12 years. I have been working here since 2005.
16	Who do you work with?	I work with the head of Marketing. I coordinate with the art department.
17	Who do you report to?	I report to Mr. Teodori.
18	Who do you manage?	I manage a team of eight architects.
19	What are your main responsibilities? What are your duties?	I am in touch with our clients weekly. I assist callers with their complaints. I counsel students regarding their scholarships. I negotiate with our suppliers. I’m responsible for PR. I’m in charge of the annual budget.

 

Now, fill in your own information below. Then, read the sentences aloud until you can say them confidently.

 

What do you do?

1. I’m a/an ___________________. (job)

2. I’m in _____________________.(field)

3. I’m in the __________________ business. (business)

4. I’m in the __________________ sector. (sector)

5. I’m in the __________________ industry.(industry)

Where do you work?

6. I work for ___________________. (name of employer)

7. I work at ____________________. (location of employment)

8. I work in ____________________. (city)

9. I work in ____________________. (type of business or building)

10. I work on ____________________. (outdoor location)

11. What are your working hours?   I work from _____ to ______.

12. What are your main responsibilities? I am responsible for _______ .

 

1.3  Use these phrases to describe your responsibilities.

Glossary

to be in charge of	быть во главе
to involve	включать
to deal with	иметь дело с
enquiries	запросы
to support	поддерживать
to report to smb	подчиняться кому-либо
responsible	ответственный
temporary	временный
permanent	постоянный
self-employed	частный предприниматель

1. I'm in charge of ... / I’m responsible for strategy.  

2. I look after / take care of .. .

3. My job involves (= includes as a necessary part) visiting customers

and discussing their needs.

4. I spend most of my time helping customers who need assistance.

5. I deal with / handle customer enquiries.

6. My role is to support the Sales Director.

7. I report (directly) to .. . I report to the Head of Customer Services

8. I don't have much to do with the financial side.

9. I'm working on the design of ... (a project)

10. I’m working part-time at the moment.

11. It's a full-time job - I work nine to five.

12. I’m on a short-term / temporary / permanent contract.

13. I’m self-employed. I work as a freelance consultant.

14. I’m unemployed right now, but I’m looking for a job as a ...

15. I’m a student at the moment - I  graduate next year.

1.4 In the dialogues below there is one word missing in each question and each answer. Find the words and write them in the correct place.

 

1  A: What you do?

 B: I'm lawyer specializing in mergers and acquisitions.

2  A: What kind work do you do?

 B: I work a scientist in the pharmaceutical industry.

3  A: What do you do a living?

 B: I work advertising.

4  A: What you doing at the moment?

 B: I'm working a project to improve the design and functionality of

   our website.

5  A: Is it a 9-to-5 full job?

 B: Yes, it is, but I'm a short-term contract - just for one year.

6  A: How do you deal a customer who has a serious complaint?

 B: If it's an important customer, I prefer to go to their office and talk

   to them to-face.

7  A: Who's charge of security in the building?

 B: We don't really have one person responsible that. but the reception 

   staff check everyone who comes in.

8  A: Who do you report?

 B: My line is Mr Robert Louis-Dreyfus.

 

1.5 Underline the correct word in italics.

 

1 Your job is the work you do to earn / gain money.

2 What's your new job name / title?

3 What do you do for your life / for a living?

4 I'm working on/with an exciting new project.

5 I work as / like a financial analyst.

6 I'm looking for a new job/work.

7 I'm on a short-term / short-time contract.

8 I'm autonomous / a freelancer.

9 I  pass / spend a lot of my time in meetings.

10  My role is support / to support the legal department.

11 I'm responsible/ the responsible for maintaining the company website.

12 I take care for / of all the travel arrangements.

Tasks and responsibilities

To give a detailed description of your day-to-day work, you might use phrases like those below.

answer hundreds of e-mails each day	отвечать на сотни электронных писем каждый день
develop the business	развивать бизнес
do market research	проводить исследование рынка
give presentations	делать презентации
implement the decisions of more senior managers	выполнять решения более старших менеджеров
interview job applicants	проводить собеседование с кандидатами на должность
keep computer files up to date	обновлять компьютерные файлы
keep on top of the paperwork	быть осведомлённым, в курсе дела документов
liaise with my counterparts in other countries	поддерживать связи с коллегами в других странах
make decisions about budgets	принимать решения о бюджетах
make sure that the IT network is working properly	убедиться, что ИТ-сеть работает правильно
maintain all the equipment and machinery	поддерживать в исправности все оборудование и механизмы
manage the production schedule	управлять производственным графиком
monitor the production process	контролировать процесс производства
negotiate with suppliers	проводить переговоры с поставщиками
organize special promotions	организовывать специальные акции
prepare the accounts	готовить счета
process customer orders	обрабатывать заказы клиентов
recruit new staff	нанимать новых сотрудников
set sales targets and make sure they are met	устанавливать планы продаж и обеспечить их выполнение
solve problems	решать проблемы
supervise the day-to-day work of my team	контролировать изо дня в день работу своей команды
support (or assist) the Marketing Director	оказывать поддержку (помогать) директору по маркетингу
write quarterly reports	писать квартальные отчеты

 

1.7 Complete the sentences below using the words in the box.

 

care                   charge            deals            handles            looks

takes                 with                   after                  for                     in

of                      of                      responsible

 

Maria	is	the sales side of      the  business
	is

1.8 Study the list of tasks and responsibilities at work a-o. Write each letter next to the name of the most appropriate department below. Find a solution that uses each item once.

 

a      attend trade fairs

b      handle telephone enquiries

c       keep on top of the paperwork

d      make sure the whole supply chain is running smoothly

e       maintain all the equipment and machinery

f       manage cashflow

g       meet and greet visitors to the company

h       monitor quality

i         organize special promotions

j       organize training

k       prepare the accounts

l       recruit new staff

m       run focus groups to test new products

n       set budgets for different departments

o       talk to the unions about pay and conditions

 

Sales and Marketing: _____ _____ _____

Production and Operations: _____ _____ _____

Finance: _____ _____ _____

Human Resources: _____ _____ _____

Administration: _____ _____ _____

 

1.9 Listening exercise (tracks 1–5). Listen to these five short extracts and write down exactly what you hear. You will hear each extract twice.

Glossary

primary	первичный
secondary	вторичный
tertiary	третичный

 

1 So, we can divide all business activities into ……. sectors.

2 Speaker 1. Hi, I’m Michael. …………..

3 Speaker 2. Hellow, my name is Jessy. My job is ……….

4  Speaker 3. ___________________________________

5 Speaker 4.____________________________

 

1.10 The reading below describes interviews and research into people’s working lives. Sentences 1–6 are what some of the people who were interviewed said. Match the sentences with paragraphs A, B, C or D from the reading.

1  ‘I’m not as busy as I was when I first started.’ ___

2  ‘I like it when colleagues call me at work –sometimes it’s about work but sometimes it’s just to chat.’ ___

3  ‘I wish I could see my family more.’ ___

4  ‘My phone seems to ring every five minutes. I constantly have to stop   what I’m doing.’ ___

5  ‘I work much harder now than I did when I first started thirty years ago.’ ___

6  ‘It’s because I travel for my job. Sometimes I Ieave the house at four in the morning.’ ___

 

A  When Dr Rosemary Stewart asked 160 British managers to keep a diary of their activities for a month, she discovered the average manager had only nine 30-minute periods without interruption. Those she interviewed complained that ‘there is just no time to think’ and that ‘it’s one damn thing after another’.

B   Canadian professor Dr Henry Mintzberg found that half the tasks managers perform take only nine minutes or less. Only 10% last more than an hour. Typically, executives work very fast on several things at once, and welcome any interruption to their schedule to stop and take a break.

 

C    According to a survey published in Wired magazine, US executives work 25% longer hours than they did in the 1970s. Market researchers at Kellogg’s discovered that 13% of them eat breakfast in the car. The most shocking study shows that the average American father spends just six minutes a day talking to his kids.

 

D   In a recent interview for a profile of global business leaders, famous workaholic Bill Gates revealed that he can at last afford to slow down. ‘There are days that I work 14 hours,’ he admits, ‘but most days I don’t work more than 12 hours. On weekends I rarely work more than 8 hours.’

1.11   Socializing.  Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

 

1  been it’s to nice you talking        __________________________

2    you would excuse moment me a       _________________________?

3 have having whatever you’re I’ll __________________________

4 this on your what’s position        __________________________?

5 get you drink what I can to          __________________________?

6 me take your coat let                   __________________________

7 you can I how help                       __________________________?

 

1.12   Match sentences 1–5  to what was said next (a–e).

 

1        If you’ll excuse me.      ___

2        Let me freshen your glass.           ___

3        Do you still play?           ___

4        Is that the time? ___

5        Ricardo and I go back a long way. ___

 

a        Oh really? How do you know each other?

b        Thank you but I’m fine.

c         Not any more.

d        Yes. I have to be going too.

e         Certainly. Maybe I’ll see you again at the dinner tonight.

 

1.13 Read the article below about teleworking.

Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B or C.

Working (1)_________ have changed throughout history, and the organization of work worldwide (2)_________ through a major change nowadays, mainly due to the rise of information and communication technologies. More and more people (3)_________ from ‘virtual offices’ – at home, in cafés or other locations. The term ‘teleworking’ was invented to describe this (4) _________ of working in 1973, but it is only more recently that teleworking has become common.

Teleworking requires a new management style. In the traditional workplace employees can be monitored (5)_________ to check on their performance. This cannot be done with workers at a greater distance from management, so these days managers (6)_________ more emphasis on the successful achievement of objectives instead.

Teleworking brings many advantages. It (7)_________ the costs of running offices, and employees can enjoy more flexibility in their working schedule. Less work-related travel by commuters results in a (8)_________ in traffic congestion, and videoconferencing limits the need for international travel. Companies can therefore reduce their carbon (9)_________. As more people work from home and fewer people commute to major towns and cities, smaller towns and villages are (10) _________being rejuvenated, and local economies strengthened. There are also some disadvantages to this new working practice. In a traditional workplace much attention is (11)_________ to looking after employees’ health and safety. Stress, injury and other occupational problems are all (12)_________ nowadays because many teleworkers aren’t (13)_________ informed about health and safety regulations. Some teleworkers are also feeling a degree of isolation and loss of social contact.

 

1 A trends             B percentages                 C performances

2  A goes                     B is going                         C go

3  A works                  B are working            C work

4  A condition            B operation                     C system

5  A closely                B close                             C closer

6  A are put                B is putting                      C are putting

7  A goes down          B reduces                        C increases

8  A rise                       B decrease                      C grow

9  A footstep              B footprint                      C fingerprint

10 A slowly                B slow                              C slower

11 A giving                  B gave                           C given

12 A increasing           B shrinking                      C decreasing

13 A full                       B good                             C well

 

1. 14    Listening exercise (track 6 ). Listen to the interview with Michael.

A.   Answer the following questions.

1 How long did Michael live and work in China?

2 Where is Michael from?

3 Did he have a positive or negative experience of living and working in China?

 

B. Listen again and decide if the following are true (T) or false (F).

 

1 Michael taught secondary school students in China. 

2 Michael needed two qualifications to teach in China. 

3 Michael worked in four different areas of China. 

C.  Tick (V) the differences between China and the West that Michael mentions.

language                                   □               nightlife                            □

fashion                                      □               tipping in restaurants    □

saying ‘no’                               □               music                                □

‘please’ and ‘thank you’       □               the way people drive     □

D. Answer the following questions.

 

1 What does Michael say is like being a child again?

2 What would Michael do if he didn’t know what a sign on a shop was?

3 What is it polite to do when meeting a businessperson for the first time?

4 How did waiters and waitresses react when Michael left tips?

E.  What advice would you give someone travelling to and working in your country regarding customs and habits? Write a list of five top tips.

 

F.  Decide if you agree or disagree with the following statement.

‘In ten years’ time we will all have to learn to speak Chinese.’

 

Tapescript

I decided to go to China because I thought it would be a very interesting place, very different to where I live or where I had lived, you know, the way of life out there would be completely different to, to, what I’m used to. I thought it would really challenge myself as well.

I taught when I lived in China. I, um, I taught at a university. The students I was working with wanted to come and study in the UK and I prepared them for their studies in England. To be a teacher in China you have to, first of all, have a degree which is a requirement of your visa but, um, it’s also useful to have what they call a CELTA qualification which is a four-week intensive teaching qualification which runs you through the basics of how to teach.

I lived there for about three and a half years and in that time I worked in, I lived and worked in three different parts of China. The jobs that I had were in, were in, different parts of the country so I basically just went where an attractive job was. I think perhaps the biggest challenge of going to China was not being able to read or write any script. It was like being, being, a child again because you couldn’t read street signs. You couldn’t read menus in restaurants. You couldn’t read signs on shops so quite a lot of the time you didn’t know what buildings were without going into them and kind of looking around.

But over time you learn the basics and you do, there’s an obvious system to the characters and once you’ve learnt that, it is possible to use, to learn to read and obviously, that’s kind of the biggest challenge but aside from that, but linked to it as well, there are all kinds of communication issues not only with language but the whole issue of face in Chinese culture and the Chinese will go to great lengths to avoid having to say ‘no’ where if you’ve asked them to do something and they can’t, they’ll always find an excuse why they can’t do it instead of telling you ‘no’ straightaway.

Doing business in China is, I think, a very complicated thing as an outsider. There’s obviously the whole issue of face and that kind of thing. But a lot of weight is placed on personal relations and there’s a whole tradition of gift giving. When you’re doing business with someone in China it is the customary thing to take them a gift even when, upon first meeting. You know, typical things would be an expensive bottle of cognac or brandy or something or if it’s male-to-male business dealings, it’s, cigarettes would always be a gift that’s given.

But also, I think, as a Westerner in China, the Chinese are always very grateful, very impressed if you make an effort to at least learn some of their language or if you take the time to, um, to pick up some of their customs and habits then, um, they will be very appreciative and they’ll be very impressed.

The Chinese always thought it was very unusual how much we in the West say ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ all the time. Interestingly there is a word in Chinese for ‘please’ but in the three and a half years I was there I don’t think I ever heard anyone say it. Not because they’re rude but it’s just not in their, in their culture to say it. In the UK we say ‘thank you’ when the waitress, you know, in a restaurant when the waitress brings us the menu, when she asks us what we want, when she brings us the cutlery. And in China I found myself doing that because that just came naturally to me. But if I was ever out with Chinese friends they would always think it was very, very unusual.

It’s also not the done thing to leave tips in restaurants. The waiters and waitresses, they don’t understand, or they didn’t understand if we left some money on the table. They didn’t know what it was for. So, that’s something to avoid. Yeah, eating out was always quite an experience.

 

1.15    Read the article on the characteristics of successful business people. Are sentences 1-10 right or wrong? If there is no information in the text to answer ‘Right’ or ‘Wrong’, choose ‘Doesn’t say’.

 

You’ve got the knowledge, a great business idea and financial backing – this should guarantee business success, surely? Perhaps, but your character and personality come into the picture too. A number of particular personal characteristics are found in successful entrepreneurs in all fields and these aspects of their character are closely linked with their success in business. These characteristics are so important that in the long term they can even be more beneficial than considerations such as good contacts and a clear marketing strategy.

Ambition is high on the list of essential characteristics, with successful people being driven by a very strong desire to achieve. Successful people are also self-disciplined and hard-working. Many rich and famous entrepreneurs started out working long hours for little money, maintaining a tough work routine despite hardship. Honesty is another important characteristic. This means openness and integrity towards those you deal with as well as the ability to recognize your own strengths and weaknesses. Self-confidence and a positive attitude are also helpful personality traits, both in terms of the image you project to others and your ability to cope when you encounter problems.

Although you may believe you were born with a particular personality that is fixed, it is possible to make changes to some of your personal characteristics by changing your habits and behaviour. Setting targets and regularly measuring your own performance, for example, is a practical step associated with being ambitious. Making a forward schedule can lead to a more dedicated approach to your business. Putting on paper two positive achievements or experiences at the end of each working day can help build self-confidence and a positive attitude. It’s therefore worth periodically taking a close look at your own business habits and behaviour to see what changes you can make to bring your personal characteristics closer to those commonly found in successful entrepreneurs.

 

1 Skills, money and knowing the right people are all you need to achieve business success.

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

2 Most successful business people think positively, and are honest as well as ambitious. 

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

3 Many business leaders who are successful today started out working very hard for little money.

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

4 Successful business people never forget the importance of making a profit.

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

5 People who are positive and self-confident find it hard to cope when they meet problems.                     

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

6 Unfortunately, it is impossible to change your behaviour or your character.    

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

7 Reflecting on your past and future achievements can help change the way you think and feel.

A Right                       B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

8 It’s a good idea to write down your past successes and future plans.

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

9 Discussing your past and future achievements with other entrepreneurs is helpful.                    

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

10 You should examine your own business habits and behaviour every six months.

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

1. 16    Complete the biography of fashion designer Calvin Klein by putting the verbs in brackets into the most appropriate tense - past simple or past continuous.

Calvin Klein was born on November 19 1942 in the Bronx, New York. As a teenager he (1) _______ (love) fashion and drawing, and (2) _______ (spend) many hours drawing pictures of women in suits and dresses. After graduating from the High School of Art and Design, he studied at the Fashion Institute of Technology in Manhattan. It was while he (3) (study) _______ there that he met Jayne Centre. They (4) _______ (get) married in 1964.

Klein (5) _______ (launch) his own clothing company in 1968. It was a very small business then, but a buyer from a famous New York department store came to view his designs and was impressed with what he saw. He (6) _______ (buy) $50,000 worth of merchandise and (7) _______ (display) it in his shop windows. Amazingly, at that time just one local seamstress (8) _______ (work) for Klein, but this sale was the starting point of Klein’s success, which (9) _______ (continue) rapidly after he launched his line of designer sportswear.

Klein’s designer jeans became enormously popular in the early 1970s, when shops (10) _______ (sell) over 40,000 pairs a week. From 1981 onwards the Calvin Klein label expanded to include underwear, fragrances and also home decor, and the company now exceeds $6 billion in annual sales.

 

1. 17      Read the texts and answer the questions about each one.

 

A    As well as the hard skills needed to do a job (like operating a machine or using a particular computer program), what most employers look for in a job candidate is a set of life skills, sometimes called soft skills, that go beyond these. Of course, they vary with the job but some of the skills most in demand are in the areas of communication, leadership, organisation, creativity, critical thinking and time management. Some may say that interpersonal skills are vital, while others would insist that self-awareness is the starting point for everything. Of course, there are other useful life skills too, but it is knowledge of life skills in general that makes the difference between job seekers who do well and those who do not.

 

B     Experts claim that, while your intelligence quotient (IQ) is important, your emotional quotient (EQ), otherwise called emotional intelligence (EI), is just as important, if not more so. For years, we have measured intelligence by testing IQ. In fact, in 1916 the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales formed the basis of one of the early methods of testing. A version of this test is still used today. Testing IQ involves a series of tasks that usually require a good knowledge of vocabulary and mathematics. A high score in an IQ test means that you’re probably good at problem solving and logical thinking. Emotional intelligence, on the other hand, includes the ability to know yourself, to recognise your own and other people’s emotions, and to change your behaviour to suit them.

 

C The benefits of emotional intelligence in the workplace are huge. For example, the majority of people would prefer to do business with someone they trust – and preferably with someone they like. So the most successful businesspeople tend to be more self-aware and to have better people skills – in other words, they are more emotionally intelligent. In addition, these people usually have more confidence, are more motivated, and can usually adapt more easily to different situations. They also work better in teams, have better relationships with others and are, for the most part, happier in their jobs.

 

Text A (answer with a short phrase)

1  What other phrase does the writer use to describe life skills?

2  Which other phrase is used which means ‘job candidate’ (line 2)?

3  What do you think ‘interpersonal’ skills are?

 

Text B (circle True or False)

4  EQ is different from EI.                                       T / F

5  One IQ test used today is nearly 100 years old.     T / F

6  People with a high IQ can usually think logically. T / F

7  People with a high IQ are probably good at understanding how others feel.

                                                                           T / F

Text C (circle A or B)

8  Emotional intelligence helps in business because

A  other people like you.                           B  you know how to trick people.

9   One characteristic of emotional intelligence is

A  feeling comfortable talking to others.  B  a lack of self-confidence.

10  Emotionally intelligent people

A work better alone.                                B have greater job satisfaction.

 

1. 18 Most experts now agree that there is a big difference between traditional IQ testing and testing your emotional intelligence (EI).

Try the following examples and test yourself!

Test your IQ

1. Which number should come next?

2 – 4 – 6 – 10 – 16 – ____

 

2. Which of these animals is least like the other four?

a. cat b. mouse          c. snake                           d. dog               e. elephant

 

3. ARM is to HAND as _______ is to FOOT

a. FINGER      b. LEG            c. TOE              d. BODY

 

4. What is ½ of ¼ of 100? _____

 

5. If you buy 3 cups of coffee at ?2.35 each, how much change should you get from ?10? ____

 

6. Which city is the odd one out?

a. PARIS   b. NEW YORK   c. MADRID d. MOSCOW    e. TOKYO

 

7. Find the missing letter.

A – M – B – ____ – C – K – D – J

 

8. Which of these anagrams forms the name of a job?

a. CORTOD    b. GNIRWIT   c. CUSSECS    d. PILENISCID

 

9.   SKILL is to KILLS as 12345 is to _______

 

10.  Charlie and Rob are in different towns, 200 kilometres apart. Charlie leaves home and drives at 80 kilometres per hour. Rob leaves home at the same time but drives at 120 kilometres per hour. When will they meet?

a. after half an hour      b. after 40 minutes

c. after an hour              d. after 80 minutes

 

Test your EI – Tick the relevant boxes.

 

	True	Partly true	Not true
1. I don’t think I could name my top three strengths.
2. I prefer to see things as challenges, rather than problems.
3. It takes me a long time to get started on a project.
4. I am happy to let others make important decisions.
5. I worry about what other people think of me.
6. I feel comfortable speaking in front of large groups of people.
7. I am comfortable talking about how I feel.
8. I hate big changes in my life, like relationship changes or moving house.
9. If I am in an argument, I have to win it.
10. I trust my own judgement.
11. I am sometimes so keen to give my opinion that I don’t really listen to the other person.
12. I notice when other people are in a bad mood.
13. I enjoy helping people with their problems.
14. If someone is annoying me I tell them straight away.
15. I usually tell people what I think they want to hear.

Glossary

ability	способность
acquire	приобрести
attitude	отношение
crew	группа, коллектив
degree subject	основной (профильный) предмет
encourage	поощрять
experience	опыт
fierce	жестокий, жесткий
impress	производить впечатление
internship	стажировка
opportunity	возможность
reference	рекомендация
relationship	отношения
sensitivity	чувствительность, восприимчивость
skill	умение
team spirit	командный дух
value	ценность
uncertainty	неопределенность

 

2.2   Reading for gist. Read the first three paragraphs of the article below. Why is an internship in China a good idea?

 

2.3 Reading for detail. Read the first three paragraphs again and choose the correct answers.

1 The most important part of your CV is

a) your qualifications b) your work experience c) your references.

2 It is hard to get internships in Europe because

a) there are more and more universities b) there is competition for places

c) Chinese students want internships in Europe.

3 Shaun went to China to

a) learn the language b) acquire cross-cultural skills c) find an internship.

4 Shaun is satisfied with his internship because

a) his experience impresses employers b) he is financially more independent

c) he loves talking about Shanghai.

 

2.4 Read the last three paragraphs of the article. Answer the questions.

 

1 What is Julia Barton’s job?

2 What are the four essential skills for working across cultures?

3 In Asia, how are attitudes to time different from Europe and the USA?

4 What sort of relationships do employees have with managers and with co-workers in China?

Discussion

 

1    Would you like to do an internship? If so, where and what type of work?

If not, why not?

2    Would you pay an agency to organize an internship for you?

Why? Why not?

 

2.7   Say these numbers. Then listen and check (track 9).

 

• 99 _____________                   • 900,999_____________

• 101_____________                  • 1,000,000_____________

• 1,000 _____________              • 3.5m_____________                                

• 1,500_____________              • 2.5bn_____________

• 7,777 _____________             • 2.575_____________

• 88,888 _____________           • $110_____________

• 100,000 _____________                        • ?15.99_____________

 

2.8      Learn the names of these symbols.

When people are spelling an email address, they sometimes use the name of

the symbol @ and it has quite a few different names; people call it arroba

or commercial at; they also call it the at sign and sometimes the at symbol.

 

, comma	‘ apostrophe
+ plus sign	- minus sign
& ampersand	-> arrow
© copyright sign	? question mark
: colon	; semicolon
/ forward slash	\ backslash
( open brackets	) close or closed brackets
( ) brackets	_ underscore
" " speech marks or inverted commas or quotation marks
# number symbol or hash symbol or hash sign

 

2.9 Time. Match the times that mean the same.

 

1  half past two in the afternoon       

2  four twenty a.m.            

3  twenty-five to one

4  (a) quarter past eight in the evening

5  17.01

6  (a) quarter to two

7  two thirty p.m.

8  20.15

9  oh eight hundred hours

10  twenty past four in the morning

11  twenty-three hundred hours

12  about five o’clock

13  eleven o’clock at night

14  eight o’clock sharp

15  thirteen forty-five

16  twelve thirty-five p.m.

2.10 Work with a partner. Take turns to ask what time you do the following:

 

e.g. What time do you wake up in the morning?

  I usually wake up about half past seven. But on Saturdays, I wake up after   

  ten o’clock.

 

get home          get up               go to bed          go to sleep           

have dinner     have lunch      leave home     wake up

 

2.10 Dates. We write: ‘15 September, 1983’or ‘September 15, 1983’.

We say: ‘the fifteenth of September nineteen eighty-three’or

‘September (the) fifteenth nineteen eighty-three’.

 

Say these dates.

1 9 November, 1989                    5 21 July, 1969

2 1 January, 1999                        6 22 January, 1901

3 11 February, 1990                    7 11 March, 2011

4 3 August, 1492                          8 4 July, 1776

 

Complete the sentences with the dates from above.

 

1  Columbus left Europe for America on _______ .

2  The Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami happened on _______.

3  The Berlin Wall fell on_______ .

4  Neil Armstrong walked on the moon on_______ .

5  Queen Victoria died, aged 81, on _______.

6  Nelson Mandela was released from prison on _______.

7  The USA declared independence on_______ .

8  The euro was launched on_______ .

 

2.11 Grammar. Present simple.

Facts: The earth revolves around the sun.

Routines: We have a coffee break at 11am.

Permanent situations: The President lives in Washington.

 

Complete the sentences about national stereotypes with the correct form of the verbs below.

 

Glossary

abroad	за границей
communicator	хороший собеседник
example	пример
foreign	иностранный
problem-solver	человек, разрешающий проблемы
to share	делиться
team player	командный игрок
workaholic	трудоголик

 

	Marcus	Francesca	Tina	Miroslav
finish on time	always	never	usually	sometimes
encourage the team	not often	rarely	nearly always	often
make mistakes	often	rarely	often	sometimes
find solutions	sometimes	not often	sometimes	usually
set a good example	rarely	sometimes	always	usually
go on holiday	often	never	not often	not often
help colleagues	never	not often	nearly always	nearly always
share information	not often	rarely	usually	usually

 

 

2.14 Speaking Match the sentences and questions 1–7 with the responses a–g.

 

1  Is this your first visit to Greece?

2  We’re at the Mercure Hotel. My husband is here with me.

3  I’m from Ireland, actually. But I work in London now.

4  Oh, really? Lucky you! What do you do?

5  I’m in the holiday business, too, actually. I’m a travel agent.

6  I see. By the way, can you recommend a good restaurant in town?

7  Yes, two. But they’re at home with their grandparents. And you? Are you a family man?

 

a)  Well, welcome to Greece. Where are you staying?

b)  Sure. If you like fish, the Marina is very good. I love Greek food, don’t you?

c)  No, I live here. On one of the islands, actually.

d)  Uh-huh. And where are you from?

e)  Me? No! I’m single.

f)  That’s nice. Do you have children?

g)  I’m a hotel manager. What about you? What sector do you work in?

 

2.15     Put the exchanges in  2.15  in the correct order. Then practise the conversation with a partner.

A: Is this your first visit to Greece?

B: No, I live here. On one of the islands, actually.

 

2.16 Read the article below about culture shock. Are sentences 1-10 right or wrong?  If there is no information in the text to answer ‘Right’ or ‘Wrong’, choose ‘Doesn’t say’.

 

You are a young university graduate hoping to get your first work experience abroad. Or perhaps you have decided to make a lifestyle change later in life and take your skills and experience abroad. Maybe you have just found yourself transferred overseas as your company broadens its scope on the international stage. Whatever the circumstances, there are many professional, personal and social benefits to be gained by the experience of living and working abroad. You should also be aware, though, that you will probably suffer from culture shock at some point. There are different feelings associated with culture shock, and most people go through some or all of the stages described below, though not necessarily in the same order.

 

1 Fascination This is the exciting part of culture shock, when everything seems wonderful, exotic and exciting. When you first arrive your priority will, naturally, be to deal with practical considerations such as registering with a doctor and sorting out your new accommodation, but it’s also important to take this opportunity to get out and enjoy the new culture in which you find yourself.

 

2 Frustration Once the initial thrill of being in a new culture has passed, even the simplest aspects of life abroad can feel difficult and annoying. Topping up your mobile phone, using your credit card, paying the domestic bills - all these things are often done slightly differently in other countries, and this can suddenly feel frustrating and difficult. You may find yourself thinking, ‘Why don’t they do it here the way we do it in my country?’ This can affect your professional life too, if you find yourself feeling irritated by work habits and customs that are very different from those that you are used to. 

 

3 Depression For some people, frustration can turn to depression. Stress, anxiety and even flu-like symptoms can make life very difficult, and may affect how well you perform your duties at work. This stage is the hardest to deal with, but fortunately not everyone who works abroad experiences it.

 

4 Adaptation It takes longer for some people than others, but at some point you will adapt to the new culture, and enjoy it on a deeper level than at the fascination stage. Most people who adapt successfully are those who make the effort to learn at least some of the language, find out about local customs and social etiquette, and make friends with local people.

 

5 Re-adjustment If your work abroad is a temporary placement, there is one more stage to go through. Just as you have adapted to life abroad, it’s time to return home. And at that point, you are faced with a different kind of culture shock – re-adjusting to life in your home country again.

 

1  University graduates often spend some time working abroad.           

A Right                          B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

2  Culture shock affects all people in the same way.                               

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

3  More people are working abroad than in the past.

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

4  Working abroad can help you develop personally as well as professionally.

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

5  All foreign workers experience fascination, frustration and depression before they adapt to a new culture.                         

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

6  When moving to a new country, you should try to enjoy the excitement of the new culture as well as making practical arrangements.                    

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

7  Cultural differences in working practices can be frustrating for workers abroad.                                

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

8  If depression makes you feel ill when you live abroad you should visit a doctor.

A Right                            B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

9  Trying to learn even a few words of the local language can help you adapt

A Right                          B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

10  Re-adjustment is the final stage of culture shock for everyone who goes to work in another country.                                          

A Right                           B Wrong                C Doesn’t say

 

2.17 Complete the text about looking for work abroad with words from the box.

 

ladder º   recruitment º placement º candidates º process  

subject º shortlisted º cover º attend º foreign

 

‘When you graduate from university, many of you may feel that your degree

(1) __________ hasn’t really prepared you to make the first step onto the career (2) __________ . A work (3) __________ abroad can be a great solution, offering you the chance to combine hands-on work experience with the adventure of (4) __________ travel. A word of advice: once you’ve chosen where you want to look for work, it’s a good idea to find out about the application (5) __________. For example, you need to know whether to send a (6) __________ letter with your CV. It’s also good to know how many interviews you will be invited to (7) __________, if you are fortunate enough to be one of the (8) __________ to be (9) __________. Alternatively, you could use an international (10) __________ agency, who will help you with all these things as well as informing you what jobs are available internationally.’

 

2.18 Join the question and answer to make one complete sentence, adding words and changing the grammar as necessary.

 

1  ‘What time do you generally start work?’ ‘8.45 a.m.’

We __________________________________________________.

2   ‘When do the managers usually have meetings?’ ‘The afternoon.’

The managers __________________________________________.

3   ‘When do you usually go on holiday?’ ‘June.’ He __________.

4 ‘When does the factory close?’ ‘Christmas Day.’ It ___________.

5   ‘When do you relax?’ ‘The weekend.’             She __________.

 

2. 19 Look at the statements below and the extracts from an article on work placements. Which section (A, B, C or D) does each statement 1–7 refer to?  You will need to use some of these letters more than once.

 

1 The employer should offer their opinion on how successful a student has been on the placement.

2 You might have to do many different tasks.

3 There are many advantages for students doing a work placement.

4 Doing a work placement will make you more attractive to future employers.

5 You can watch how one person does their work.

6 It is better for a company to employ someone they know already.

7 Doing an internship can help you check if you have chosen the most appropriate career.

 

A There are many benefits if you do a work placement or internship. You will have the opportunity to practise your skills in the workplace and you can test your career plans to see if you have made the right decision. You can make contacts for the future, if you make a good impression. You will learn how to take responsibility for your work and how to behave in an environment which is different from being a student. A work placement also enhances the look of your CV (many jobs are unavailable to those with no experience) – and, of course, you'll earn some money.

 

B Employers can also benefit from work placements. Students have up-to-date knowledge and skills which can be put to good use on a project. Students are often highly motivated and work hard, and staff and students learn from each other as they do their work tasks. If a student works really well, the employer can offer them a full time job with less risk than with an unknown person. The student will be familiar with the organization and its unwritten rules and will fit in better than someone who is completely new.

 

C There are different kinds of work placements. ‘Work shadowing’ means following someone around as they do their work to see how they do it. A general role will mean being involved in many different aspects of work in a department or company and learning how a wide range of things work in the organisation. Taking on a specific role on a project or in a department is more like having a real job and you will probably be responsible for a specific area of work.

 

D The most important quality the employer is looking for is attitude. When you approach an employer for a work placement you must show that you are enthusiastic and willing to learn. This is more important than previous experience. You will be able to learn from any work experience but it is best to apply for a role which you are interested in and in which you can offer the employer some benefit. You should also expect the employer to assess your work and to offer you a written appraisal of how you performed in such areas as meeting deadlines and dealing with your workload.

 

2.20 Read the article below about Global Volunteers. Choose the best sentence from A–E below to fill each of the gaps. Do not use any letter more than once.

 

Are you bored with the nine to five routine? Are you looking for a new challenge? (1) ____ If you answered ‘yes’ to any of these, then you are who we are looking for.

We need enthusiastic, qualified and passionate people of all ages to work with us to help in the developing world. We send volunteers all over the world on one-year placements to train local people in your skills. When you return home, your skills remain and enrich the lives of the people you worked with – how’s that for job satisfaction? (2) ____

We need experts in many different sectors – from accountancy to project management to teaching. You will receive a local salary and housing, as well as flights and medical insurance. And we aren’t just looking for professional skills. Your personal integrity, strength and fitness are important, as well. (3) ____ Working closely with local people, you will find the experience extremely satisfying, and you will return home having really achieved something.

This is a really exciting opportunity. You’ll be able to test yourself and your knowledge in demanding conditions. (4) ____

When you return home you’ll find employers really take a positive attitude to these experiences on your CV. You’ll be seen as being more mature and responsible. (5) ____

 

A Your investment in the lives of the people you work with will be an investment in yourself.

B You’ll really find out what your strengths and weaknesses are.

C This is an opportunity for you to work with a passion, where you can make a real difference.

D Would you like to make a valuable contribution in an underprivileged area of the world?

E You will be working in difficult situations which are physically demanding.

 

2.21 Read the text  below about  cross-cultural differences.

 

What are the main differences in the way that people from different cultures behave?

Greetings and introductions

Level of formality is one area where cultures differ, and you often notice this on first contact with another person.

Study the formal (F)  and informal (I) versions below .

Greeting

F: Good morning. My name is Linda Taylor. It's a pleasure to meet you.

I: Hi! I'm Linda. Nice to meet you.

Introduction

F: Feng, I'd like to introduce you to Olivia Dubois. Olivia is our Public Relations Officer.

I: Feng , this is Olivia. Olivia handles all our contacts with the media.

Some cultures move quickly to first names, others continue to use titles and surnames (= family names) for many years as a sign of respect. If in doubt, start formally and use whatever  the other person has on their business card. They (or you) might then say: Please call me ... .

Punctuality

For some cultures it's very important to be on time (=punctual). For others it's OK to be a bit late. If you are late, apologize fully and blame it on the traffic or parking.

I'm so sorry, the traffic was really bad this afternoon.

Directness

If people say exactly what they think, they are direct. If they are more careful with their language, they are indirect. Both sides have good reasons. Direct people say it's easier to do business when everyone knows your real opinion. They think that indirect people hide their true feelings and so can't be trusted. Indirect people want to maintain harmony and avoid confrontation. They don't want the other person to 'lose face' (= be publicly embarrassed). When they disagree, it is done diplomatically. They think that direct people are rude. The best solution in  a new culture is to follow the example of the people you are with.

Here are some examples of direct (D) and indirect (I) language:

D: Can you help me?

I: I wonder if you could help me?

D: That will be very difficult.

I: That's not going to be easy.

D: Can I open the window?

I: Would you mind if I opened the window?

D: No, that's not right.

I: Really? Are you sure?

Meals

Having a meal together is one of the best ways to break down barriers between cultures. And one of the best topics of conversation is  ... cross-cultural communication! Other safe topics are: food and drink, the city you are in, the history of the other country, and the current economic situation. A 'taboo' topic is one you must not talk about - obvious examples are party politics and jokes about the other person's religion or culture. In some cultures a working lunch where you continue to talk business is normal, in others it isn't. An evening meal, however, is nearly always a purely social occasion.

Humour

Humour (being funny) sometimes travels across cultures. It's OK to tell a funny story at dinner that doesn't offend anyone (= make them angry and upset). And laughing at yourself is a good way to put the other person at ease. However irony can be dangerous and is often misunderstood.

Body language

Here are some physical actions that some cultures do more than others:

• Shake hands in the office every morning.

•  Kiss someone on one (or both) cheeks.

•  Make gestures (= head, arm and hand movements), wave your arms in the air, etc.

• Make/Not make strong eye contact.

• Slap someone on the back.

• Smile/Not smile.

• Stand close, and sometimes hold an arm.

 

2.22 Underline  the correct word /s in italics.

 

1 Try to have good working relations / relationships with people from other cultures.

2 My  name is Aga. It's pleasant / a pleasure to meet you.

3 Bjorn, I'd like to introduce/present you to Sergey.

4 My name is Josephine, but please call me / say Jo.

5 Avoid making people lose face / lose their face.

6 It's not very nice to be in a situation where you are embarrassed / have shame in public.

7 It's OK to speak / talk business at a working lunch.

8 Laughing at yourself can put the other person at ease / make the other person easy.

9  Irony is often mistaken / misunderstood.

10 Some people judge you by how firmly you shake hands /shake the hands.

 

2.23  Complete sentence b) with one word so that the meaning is the same as sentence a).

1   a) American business people are usually very relaxed and friendly - not at all official.

b) American business people are usually very i……… .

2   a) Indirect people disagree politely and sensitively.

b) Indirect people disagree dip……… .

3   a) Jokes about people's race are offensive and should not be told.

b) Jokes about people's race are t ……… .

4   a) Italians are famous for their head, arm and hand movements that show their feelings.

b) Italians are famous for their g…….. .

 

2.24 Put the words into order to make examples of indirect language.

 

a   I wonder could you help me if for a moment?

b  I'm very not happy about that.

c   Unfortunately we 've had problems little one or two .

d   Could me tell you the r es troom where is ?

e  With respect, be better wouldn't it to start next year?

 

Now match sentences a-e with the direct versions below.

 

1 I need your help.

2 It's all a complete disaster. 

3 It 's obvious that we should wait. 

4 I'm very angry about that. 

5 I  need to go to the toilet. Where is it?

 

2.25 Read the text, then answer the question below.

 

What is culture? There are two helpful ways to see it: the X and the Y. The X model of culture says that there are two parts to culture: the bigger part is below the surface - you can't see it. This includes values, attitudes, beliefs, history, etc. The smaller part is above the surface - you can see it. This includes food, dress, behaviour, music, art and architecture, etc .

The Y model of culture says that there are many different layers. Think of your culture at work. At the centre of the Y there is you as an individual (influenced by your family culture). Then, moving outwards. there is your team culture, company culture, functional culture (marketing, finance) and industry culture (banking. engineering). To this you  might add your national (and/or regional) culture. All  these elements make a contribution.

 

1 The text includes the words 'values', 'attitudes', 'beliefs' and 'behaviour'. They are all useful words when discussing culture in a general way. Write the correct word next to its definition below.

 

a  the particular way that someone does something

b   a set of ideas that you think are true

c   your beliefs about what is important in life

d   opinions or feelings that you show by your behaviour

 

2.26 Read the definitions below and answer the questions.

 

Effective communication is a two-way street. Many people make the mistake of thinking that communication is all about getting your point across. This is only half of the story. To be a good communicator, you also need to be a good listener.Otherwise, you are not respecting the other person’s point of view.

Cooperation is the act of doing something together to achieve a single goal. This involves respecting the views of the other person, even when you do not agree. Sometimes, a compromise is necessary – when you don’t agree with someone, you still need to find a solution, and that could be somewhere between what each of you wants to do. Cooperation is also used to mean ‘doing what someone tells you to do’.

 

1 What misunderstanding exists about the meaning of communication?

2 Why do people sometimes need to reach a compromise?

3 What is different about the second meaning of cooperation?

 

2.27   Match these words to their definitions. Be careful – some of the meanings are very similar.

 

1 acknowledge	a disagree strongly or loudly
2 approve	b put your thoughts into words
3 agree	c answer or reply
4 argue	d admit that what the other person said is true or has value
5 express	e make someone believe something
6 respond	f support something or believe that it is a good thing
7 persuade	g make someone do something
8 convince	h share the same opinion with someone else

 

2.28 Experts say that acknowledging what a person has said will help them feel good and make them more likely to listen to your viewpoint. Look at the examples below and choose  the correct word.

 

1  I recognise / approve what you’re saying and I understand your point. However, ...

2  I can see that you believe / feel strongly about this and it is important to you.

3  Of course you want to go and I can see / look how disappointed you are. Nevertheless, ...

4  I know what you mean / say when you express your concern about ...

5  You’re true / right to be worried about this, as it is an important point. But ...

6  You hear / sound very dissatisfied with the situation, and I can imagine how you feel.

 

Now suggest ways of acknowledging what the people say below.

 

1  “I would love to go to Paris this spring.”

2  “You don’t understand – I have no way of paying for this!”

3  “No. I don’t like that idea. In fact, it would be disastrous if we did that.”

4  “You’re giving me 15 out of 20? Is that all? I think I deserve 18 at least.”

5  “What do you mean you don’t want to go? We’ve already paid for the tickets!”

6  “I think it’s awful what we’re doing to the planet. Those poor animals! They’ll all be extinct soon.”

 

Glossary

sole trader (BrE) sole proprietor (AmE)	индивидуальный (частный) предприниматель
self-employed	частный предприниматель, самозанятый
freelancer	внештатный
partnership	партнерство
private company	частная акционерная компания (закрытого типа)
shareholders	акционеры
public company	публичное акционерное общество, государственная компания
listed on stock exchange	зарегистрированный на фондовой бирже
purchasing	закупка
quality assurance	контроль (гарантия) качества
Treasury	управление кассовых операций, финансовый отдел
payroll	фонд заработной платы, платежная ведомость
Research and Development (R&D)	исследования и разработки (НИОКР)
Chief Executive Officer	директор компании, руководитель
Chief Financial Officer	главный финансовый директор
assistant, deputy	помощник, заместитель
hierarchical	иерархический
senior	старший

Types of company

Here is a simplified list of the different types of legal structures for a business.

● Sole trader (BrE) /Sole proprietor (AmE). This is a one person business. The person may describe themselves as ‘self-employed’ (e.g. the owner of a small shop), or as a ‘freelancer’ if they are a professional who works for different clients (e.g. a photographer).

● Partnership. A group of people who work together as equals (e.g. a firm of lawyers or architects). They share the risks and the profits.

● Private company. The shares of the company are privately owned, usually by a small number of people. These shareholders typically include the founder of the company, possibly some close family members, and perhaps a few business associates who provided money for the company.

● Public company (BrE) /Corporation (AmE). These are the large companies that are listed on stock exchanges like Germany’s DAX, France’s CAC or the UK’s FTSE. They are called public because anyone can buy their shares.

Note: do not confuse a state-owned enterprise with a public company.

Departments

The list of departments below is typical for many business – each one corresponds to a business function. Companies also have other departments related to their own particular business activity.

● Production might also include Purchasing and Quality Assurance (QA).

● Operations refers to all the internal processes of a company and might include, for example, Logistics.

● Sales might also include Business Development.

● Customer Services might include Technical Support.

● Marketing might include Market Research.

● Communications refers to all promotional activities including a strong focus on Public Relations (PR).

● Finance has many subdivisions, such as Financial Control, Treasury, Accounts and Payroll (= managing salary payments).

● Human Resources (HR).

● Information Technology (IT).

● Research and Development (R&D).

● Legal.

As well as departments, an international company may also have divisions organized according to geographical area or major product lines.

Company culture

The structure of a company is often closely connected to its culture. In a small company it’s easier to be dynamic and innovative, whereas in a large company things are often slow-moving and bureaucratic.

Similarly, if the company is hierarchical (many levels), then people at the bottom aren’t allowed to take initiatives without permission from their seniors; decision-making and communication are top-down. If the structure is flat (few levels), then the flow of information can be more bottom-up.

In all cases you hope that the company culture is honest, open and transparent (= not trying to keep things secret).

3.2    Underline the correct word in italics.

 

1 My brother is a plumber. He’s autonomous / self-employed.

2 The people who own a private company might include the founder of the company, some family members, and perhaps a few business associates / companions.

3 In a public company anybody can buy the actions / shares.

4 A public company is listed / posted on a stock exchange.

5 Our railways were recently privatized. I think the service was better before, when they were a public company / state-owned enterprise.

6 The Purchasing Department is responsible for buying parts and raw materials / making the final product.

7 If you have a complaint, please contact Consumer Services / Customer Services.

8 All recruitment and selection is done by our Human Relations / Human Resources Department.

9  Innovation is the key to our success and we have recently expanded the Research and Design / Research and Development Department.

10 In the Legal Department we have three lawyers / advocates trained in commercial law.

11 It’s the CEO’s job to control / run the company.

12 Our Business Development Officer is responsible for / the responsible for finding new business opportunities.

13 I can’t take that decision. It will have to be referred to higher people / more senior people.

14 That decision will have to be taken at a higher level / a more superior level.

15 In the department there are six Sales Representatives and their line director / line manager.

16 The Sales Department has to liaise / liaison closely with Marketing.

17 She is part of / makes part of a team of designers.

18 I am the Financial Controller, and I relate directly / report directly to the Finance Director.

3.3   Complete each sentence with a verb from the box.

Glossary

entrepreneur	предприниматель
a gap in the market	дефицит на рынке (недостаток предложения, ниша)
to raise capital	привлекать капитал
to rent premises	арендовать помещения
to purchase equipment	приобретать оборудование
to employ staff	нанимать персонал
venture capital	венчурный капитал
to make a profit	получить прибыль
turnover	объём продаж; товарооборот
to break even	достичь уровень безубыточности
to expand  operations	расширять операции
to issue new shares	выпустить новые акции
private equity	частный акционерный капитал
maturity	срок платежа, погашения
exit strategies	стратегии выхода, порядок прекращение участия
a going concern	действующее (преуспевающее) предприятие
cash flow	движение наличных средств, денежный поток

                              

Start-up

The founder is now ready to set up (= start) the business. The first steps are to rent premises (= the buildings that a company uses), purchase equipment and supplies, and employ and train staff. The company can now begin its operations. One thing is certain: the first few years will be difficult.

Sometimes a start-up company can get help from venture capital (= money invested in a new business by a specialist company who work in high-growth areas like new technology). VC money is used to run the business, pay salaries, etc in the early years. In exchange the VC company will take part ownership of the company and hope to sell it later for a large profit.

Growth

In a successful business the number of customers grows, turnover increases, and eventually the company breaks even and then makes a profit. The company employs more staff and divides them into different functions: operations, sales, marketing, accounts, etc. The company develops a network of suppliers. The brand name starts to become well-known among customers. What happens if the business needs to raise additional capital to expand its operations? There are various options.

● The company can ask the bank for a loan.

● The company can issue new shares and sell them to outside investors.

● The company can attract private equity. Private equity is very similar to venture capital, but it comes at a later stage in the company’s growth.

Maturity

All being well, the company continues to grow. This growth may be organic (through increased sales and developing the product range) or by acquisitions/takeovers (buying other companies).

Exit strategies

There are various exit strategies available to the owners if they want to sell the company.

● The business can be sold as a going concern (= as an established, profitable business) to other private individuals.

● The business can be sold to a competitor, or to a large foreign company wanting to enter the market.

The company that is taken over may or may not keep its brand name.

● The company goes public. This means it is listed on a stock exchange and its shares are sold to individual and institutional investors. The original owners may continue to run the company.

Risks

The majority of businesses fail (= go out of business).

There are many reasons, which include:

● The founder can’t get a loan, perhaps because of insufficient collateral (= property you agree to give the bank if you fail to give back the money you borrowed).

● The company can’t meet its monthly repayments to the bank.

● The company fails to get enough customers.

● Competition from other companies.

● Changes in the market (demand for the products falls).

● Poor management of cash flow and/or insufficient capital.

● Management problems (eg the founder finds it difficult to delegate work to other people).

● Failure to integrate an acquired business after a takeover.

 

3.11  Rearrange the letters to make words. Use the definitions in brackets to help you.

 

1 enrtrepeenur entrepreneur       (someone who starts a company and makes   

                                                    business deals)

2 citapal                                                     (money used to start or invest in a business)

3 funoder                                        (someone who starts an organization)

4 prmeeiss                                       (the buildings that a company uses)

5 puchrase                                      (formal buy something)

6 tunvorer                                       (the money a business makes = revenue)

7 seahrs                                           (the equal parts of a company which people

                                                    can buy and sell)

8 actisiquion                             (buying another company; = take-over)

9 cotellaral                                      (property or money that you promise to give

                                                    the bank if you cannot pay back a debt)

10 damend                                     (the desire or need that customers have for a

                                                     product)

3.12  Match an item on the left with an item on the right to make phrases from the text above. Make sentences with these phrases.

 

1	start-up	equity
2	exit	name
3	brand	company
4	a going	market
5	private	concern
6	a gap in the	strategy
7	do	a profit
8	employ	capital
9	fail	staff
10	make	some market research
11	raise	to get enough customers
12	rent	premises

3.13  Complete the sentences with phrases from 3.12.

 

1 The founder of the company is going to retire next year. I think he’ll probably sell the business as ________ . But first he needs to to see who might be interested in taking over the business.

2 If the company is going to expand, they will need to________. They can either ask the bank, issue new shares, or try to attract________ .

3 She wants to start her own business and she thinks she can see________ . She has money of her own, so the first steps are to_______ in a suitable location, purchase equipment and employ staff.

3.14  Underline the correct word in italics.

 

1  The bank lends you / borrows you money.

2  You lend money / borrow money from the bank.

3  So ‘lend’ is temporary giving / taking.

4  And ‘borrow’ is temporary giving / taking.

5  The bank gives you a lend / a loan.

3.15  Complete sentence b) with one word. The meaning must be the same as sentence a).

1 a) How are we going to distribute our product?

b) What distribution channels are we going to use?

2 a) She was the founder of the business.

b) She set the business.

3 a) The company is growing strongly.

b) The company has strong .

4 a) This year the company will make neither a profit nor a loss.

b) This year the company will break .

5 a) Who supplies them?

b) Who are their s?

6 a) A lot of people know their brand name.

b) Their brand name is very well- .

7 a) They’re an established business and they make a profit.

b) They’re an established, business.

8 a) The company is going to be listed on the stock exchange.

b) The company is going to go .

9 a) Why did the business fail?

b) Why did they go of business?

10 a) Their customers were late in paying them so they couldn’t pay their bills.

   b) Their customers were late in paying them so they had cash problems.

3.16 Reading Match the links from a business news website (questions 1–6) to the readings from the different web pages (A–F).

1        Business News ___

2        People in business ___

3        Work and life ___

4        Business advice ___

5        Questionnaire ___

6        Contact us       ___

 

A        A certain amount of pressure brings out the best in our work. In the initial stages of stress there is a sensation of excitement and increased mental concentration. However, too much stress is negative. It is bad for you, your company and your family…

B        Inditex, one of the world’s largest fashion groups, has opened 300 shops in Spain in the last four years and net profits this year have risen again…

C        We always like to hear from you. E-mail us with your views and comments.

D        When you think of farming do you think of worms? Simon Taylor does. As a business worm farming has low start-up costs and a potential market of fishermen using around 250 tons of worms every year…

E        Is modern business too stressful? This week we want to know what you think about stress in the workplace. Answer these questions…

F        I think you should change your job. Your boss shouldn’t talk to you like that and it’s time to look for a new position with a better salary…

3.17 Read the article on the world of business and trade in the 21^st century. Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B or C below.

 

What (1) _________ the world of business and trade be like in the 21^st century?

(2) _________ such as the growing concern for the environment and the increasing youth and leisure markets will affect the demand for certain products and services. Changing population patterns, the (3) _________ of e-commerce, (4) _________ technological change and economic (5) _________ will all have a dramatic impact on the way the workforce and the workplace are organized in the future.

(6) _________ growing awareness of global warming and a concern to look (7) _________ the environment, businesses will look for sources of energy to replace oil and gas, and a (8) _________ growth in the market for alternative fuels is predicted. Developments in areas such as information technology, biotechnology and nanotechnology will (9) _________ an impact on many aspects of business. 

The workforce will be (10) _________ in gender and age, and there will be more ethnic diversity. Employees will have much more freedom (11) _________ in the past and have more involvement in decision-making. Companies will be smaller and more specialized, with less of a traditional hierarchy. Instant messaging will become increasingly accepted as a form of business communication, in the way that email (12) _________ for many years now.

 

1 A does                                       B will                                C is

2 A Figures                                   B Graphs                         C Trends

3 A decline                                   B rise                                C drop

4 A rapid                                      B rapidly                         C rapider

5 A globalization                        B franchising                  C subsidiaries

6 A As a result of                        B Because                       C Due

7 A for                                          B up                                 C after

8 A huge                                       B dramatically               C shoot up

9 A to have                                  B have                             C having

10 A more balanced                   B much balanced          C the most balanced

11 A as                                          B that                               C than

12 A is                                       B was                               C has been

3.1 8  Read the article below about the history of Amazon.com Inc.

Choose the best word to fill each gap from A, B or C below.

 

Based in Seattle, Amazon.com Inc was one of the first major companies to sell goods over the Internet. It now operates (1) _______, with separate websites in many countries around the world, selling itself as ‘The Earth’s biggest bookstore’.

Amazon was (2) _______ up by Jeff Bezos in 1994, who saw a (3) _______ in the market for an online bookstore and started the business based in his garage. Bezos needed to (4) _______ money for the (5) _______ and was fortunate that businessman Nick Hanauer believed in the company’s potential and invested US$40,000. Originally Amazon only sold books, but then Bezos (6) _______ the decision to give people the chance to write book reviews on the website, and this not only (7) _______ more customers but also made the website more of an online community. The company went public in 1997, selling (8) _______ at US$18. Bezos subsequently added CDs, videos and DVDs to the Amazon website, and since then it has diversified into computer software, electronics and many other product lines.

 

Compared to owners of other dot.com businesses, Bezos did not expect to become an overnight millionaire. While other Internet companies were instantly successful and grew (9) _______ in the late 1990s, Amazon only showed (10) _______ growth, which worried some of its (11) _______. It did not (12) _______ its first annual profit until 2002. However Bezos’ business (13) _______ proved to have been good: when the bubble burst and many dot.com companies ran (14) _______ difficulties, Amazon survived, and since then it has remained highly successful.

 

1. A nationally          B globally                        C locally

2. A made                  B put                                C set      

3. A gap                      B hole                              C door  

4. A raise                    B rise                                C earn   

5.  A outlet                 B franchise                     C venture

6. A made                  B had                               C did     

7. A attached             B attracted                      C attended

8. A products             B shares                      C prices

9. A slightly                B slowly           C rapid ly

10. A dramatic            B dramatically               C steady

11. A entrepreneurs    B franchisees                  C shareholders    

12. A make                  B take                              C do

13. A agreement          B plan                              C paperwork       

14. A up                        B out of                      C into    

               

3.19 Sentences A–h are from a business letter. The sentences have been mixed up. Number the letter in the correct order.

1 ___ 2 ___ 3 ___ 4 ___ 5 ___      6 ___ 7 ___ 8 ___

a  I’m sorry that you were unable to attend our presentation in São Paulo last month.

b Best wishes

c Thank you for your letter of February 9 and for your interest in the new Xenon digital communication system.

d In the meantime, I enclose a copy of our latest catalogue and current price list.

e I look forward to hearing from you.

f   However, I am delighted to tell you that we are planning another one in Brasilia on April 30.

g Dear Ms Ramalho

h If you have any questions or would like further information concerning our company and its products, please do not hesitate to contact me again.

3.20 Here are six voice-mail messages for Peter Carter. Match the second half of the messages (a–f) with the first half (1–6).

1 Hello. This is Cheryl. I phoned you about five times yesterday, but you weren’t in.           ___

2 Hi, Peter. Anne here. I wanted to talk to you about the project meeting tomorrow morning, but you’re obviously not there. The good news is we finished Phase One on time. ___

3 Er, this is Zoltán. Just to let you know, I started the report this morning and just e-mailed you the first part. ___

4 Mr Carter. It’s Philip Heath. I talked to our stock control manager about the Venezuelan consignment and he says we despatched the goods a week ago. ___

5 Hello, Mr Carter. This is Ryan Hope from SilverStar. I called you a couple of weeks ago about an estimate for a contract in Malaysia.    ___

6 Pete, it’s me. Sorry, mate, I tried everything, but head office say we can’t have any more. They say they waited six months for the preliminary report, another six months for the feasibility study and now they want to see some results. ___

 

(a)      Oh, I included the quarterly accounts in the report, too. Let me know what you think.

(b)      Anyway I corrected those figures you faxed me. OK, speak to you later, if you’re in today.

(c)      As I explained, I may be a little late for the meeting. So just go ahead and start without me. I’ll join you about 10.

(d)      Erm, we discussed my client’s requirements and, well, I expected to hear from you last week. Could you give me a call on 01865 555959 as soon as possible, please?

(e)      The shipping agent says they delivered them this morning. So,       

         problem solved.

(f)      Anyway, I booked the conference room for three tomorrow. Give me a  

         call when you get in. We need to talk.

 

3.21 Choose the best alternatives (in italics) in the following conversation.

1     A: Hi Gill. I haven’t seen you for a long time. What do you do? / How are you? / How are you being?

2     B: Fine. And you? / Well. / How do you do?

   A: Actually I’m a bit nervous. I’m going for an interview at

      Infonet next week.

      You had an interview with them, didn’t you?

   B: That’s right.

   A: How did it go?

3     B: It was OK. The interview take / taken / took about two hours.

4     A: Two hours! That’s long / longer/ the longest than any interview I’ve had before.

5     B: The trickyest / trickiest / most tricky question was what I

      thought my main weakness is.

6     A: Did they had offered / offered / offer you the job?

7     B: No. But the salary weren’t / wasn’t / didn’t was very good anyway.

        

3.22 Read the text and decide if statements 1–5 are true (T) or false (F).

1  James Bond movies make more money than any other film series.               T / F

2 Turnover from Bond films equals the earnings of the Star Wars and Star Trek series and Gone with the Wind.                                               T / F

3 Special effects are more expensive on a Bond film than on a Spielberg   

film.                                                                                            T / F

4 All the books have been made into film versions.                                T / F

5 You don’t have to see a Bond movie to know who James Bond is.                T / F

 

The James Bond movies are the longest-running, highest grossing film series in history. Current turnover stands at over $6 billion. In fact, the combined earnings of the Star Wars and Star Trek series and the most successful single film ever, Gone with the Wind, still fall $750 million short of Bond at the box office.

 

Bond is the most profitable film series ever. The special effects may cost much more these days, but the films still enjoy 30% profit margins, not including merchandising. Even Steven Spielberg’s blockbusters ET, Jurassic Park and the Indiana Jones trilogy can’t compete.

 

Bond appeals to men and women, adults and children alike. From Russia with Love was one of President Kennedy’s top ten favourite books. But James Bond is no longer a Hollywood hero; he’s a bestselling brand. Although the actor playing Bond has changed several times over the last forty years, and although there are no more Ian Fleming novels on which to base the films, the series goes on and on.

 

The film business is risky – seven out of ten movies lose money. But brand awareness of Bond is so strong that even people who don’t like the films instantly recognise the Bond music, fast cars and glamorous women.

3.23 Complete the text about the company Greenspace using words from the   

      box.

 

      resources º increasing º green light º milestone º

deadlines º phase º operate

 

“The number of discontented people young people in big cities is (1) ______. Greenspace works to reduce this problem by turning areas of waste land into green areas that they can use for free time activities. A typical Greenspace project falls into three stages. The first (2) ______ is when Greenspace finds a piece of land to buy and asks the city council for permission to (3) ______ there. Once the city council has given the (4) ______, the main part of the work begins. As well as creating a safe and exciting outdoor space for the city’s young people to use, Greenspace also gives a team of disadvantaged young people the opportunity to be involved in running the operation. Some do the manual labour while others are involved in aspects of the project such as planning and setting (5) ______. This helps create motivation amongst the team to work hard and achieve. In each of our projects a real (6) ______ is achieved when the young project workers first express pride and satisfaction in their work, feelings which many of them have never experienced before. We are a charitable organisation and depend on donations to pay for the (7) ______we need. Please give generously.”

 

3.24 Complete the text by putting the correct verb from the box into each gap.

 

pay º attend   º do º fit º make º

take º raise º sign º run º buy

 

“In 2012 I (1) ________ a risk and left my job in a clothes shop to set up and (2) ________ my own business – a retail outlet of a French clothing company. I (3) _________ a lot of phone calls and (4) ________ a lot of market research before deciding which franchise to (5) ________. The initial costs were quite high, as I had to (6) ________ the shop in a certain way and (7) ________ a large franchise fee. Fortunately I was able to (8) ________ all the money I needed. I (9) ________ a course in Paris, which gave me excellent training and support. I finally (10) ________ the agreement and opened my shop. I haven’t once regretted my decision.”

 

3. 25 Read the article about writing a business plan and sentences 1–9 below. For each sentence 1–9 mark one letter (A, B or C).

 

On one hand a business plan is an external document which is seen by people such as banks, donors and other stakeholders. In this sense the plan is a marketing tool, as the business owner tries to convince others that the business is a realistic proposition with potential for growth over the next five to ten years. However, a good business plan is also an important management tool used within the organization to guide developments and measure progress. The process of analyzing the organization’s strengths, weaknesses, competition and finances when writing the plan helps to clarify key areas and may also reveal strong and weak points in a business proposition.

 

There are no exact rules for how to present a business plan, but it should be clear and concise, and written in a way to hold the reader’s attention. Graphs and charts can be used, but only as many as are necessary and ones which will be clear to the target reader of the plan. The main purpose of the plan is to provide information about the organization’s present status and future performance. Certain questions need to be answered about the organization. Is it a partnership, private limited company or sole trader, for example? What are the staffing arrangements? What is the product’s USP? Who are the target consumers? A detailed section on finances is essential, as any potential investors will want to see what money is needed and what the estimated profit and loss account is. The plan shouldn’t make any unrealistic claims or future projections about future costs and sales.

 

While the objectives on a business plan show specifically what the company aims to do, the mission statement explains the general purpose and values of the organization. This can either be very short, simple and powerful, or express a complex set of ideas, beliefs and projections about the organization. It often also states the company’s responsibilities towards its clients. Although the mission statement is not the place to make claims about the high quality of products or services of the company, like an advertisement a good mission statement can say a lot about the company in just a few words.

 

1 A business plan is usually seen by

A customers and managers.

B stakeholders and the competition.

C  investors and managers.

2 A business plan should be able to persuade people that the business

           A has been successful in the past.

           B is successful now.

C will be successful in the future.

3 When writing a business plan an entrepreneur usually

           A convinces others that the market is growing.

B thinks more deeply about the issues facing their organization.

C reveals to other people the weak points in their business  

proposition.

4 A good business plan

           A is clearly written and covers certain points.

B follows certain rules.

C makes some unrealistic claims and projections.

5 Graphs and charts in a business plan

           A are essential.

           B should be kept to the minimum.

           C  are unnecessary.

6  Which of the following items in a business plan doesn’t the article refer to?

           A Personal details

B The type of organization

C Market research and a marketing strategy

7  The objectives on a business plan should be

           A general ideas.

B  realistic plans.

C  powerful statements.

8  A good mission statement can be used to

           A advertise the company.

           B show what the company believes in.

           C explain why the company’s products or services are so good.

9  What is the purpose of the article?

           A  To explain in detail how to write a business plan.

           B  To explain why business plans are needed.

           C  To give general advice on writing business plans.

 

3.26 Complete the phrasal verbs in the text by putting the correct particle in each gap.

 

after º away º for º into º into º out    

up º up º up º up º with

 

‘I had always wanted to start (1) __________ my own company. In 2008 I saw a gap in the market and set (2) __________ PetMinders, a small company which looks (3) __________ people’s pets while they are away on holiday. I spent a long time looking (4) __________ the right staff, as I needed to employ people who not only were committed to the job but could also cope (5) __________ all different kinds of animals.

 

Although I ran (6) __________ a few financial difficulties in the early stages, I didn’t give (7) __________. I didn’t actually run (8) __________ major debts, but I needed to raise some extra money. Fortunately I found someone willing to put money (9) __________ my business. A friend had pointed (10) __________ that I hadn’t invested much in marketing, so I decided to give (11) __________ free gifts to new customers. In 2010  PetMinders made its first profit. The company has recently expanded and is doing well.’

 

3.27 Listening exercise (track 10). Listen to five people talking about their experiences working in another culture. Take notes about the things that they found different or unusual in the business culture of the other country.

 

home country / visiting	observations
China / USA
UK / Saudi Arabia
Japan / Brazil
USA / France
UAE / Australia

 

 

Unit 4                      Revision

4.1         Your job. Read and translate the text.

 

“I work for a medim-sized, family-owned business. We offer specialized services to the construction industry. I personally specialize in lighting installations inside buildings - my background is in electrical engineering. l'm responsible for the initial contact with the client -  I visit them at their offices and discuss their needs. My role is to talk to the architects and the developers, to try to persuade them of the importance of modern lighting design inside a building.

I show them how it can create a good working atmosphere and add to a company's image. I explain our track record in this field and show them a portfolio of other lighting installations that we've done. Once the initial contact has been made and the client is ready for a detailed proposal, I take a back seat for a while.

Somebody else looks at the detailed specifications for the installation and then another colleague researches the cost of the labour and materials. Those two people work under me, and I supervise their work quite closely. Finally our

legal department draws up the proposal. I oversee the whole process and sign off the proposal before it's sent to the client.

There are a number of other people that I liaise with on a day-to-day basis. We have an Office Manager who handles incoming calls, organizes my schedule and keeps on top of the filing and administration. And then outside the company I have close contact with the architects and with the project

management team responsible for the whole construction.

I report to the Head of Business Development and she reports directly to the CEO, so there are not many layers in the company and it's not at all bureaucratic.

My work is challenging, of course, because it involves both a sales function and a technical function - and every project is different. But the atmosphere in the office is great. It's very informal and I'm on first-name terms with everyone, even the CEO.

So that's me. Now about my wife. Well, she works for a large, multinational bank  with its head office in Switzerland. It's a back-office function: she works in the loans department. Her job involves checking the credit history of companies who want to borrow money, and then assessing the risk of the loan. She deals with both small and medim enterprises. She's doing well - she was promoted last year. Now she's in charge of a small team of four people, so there is a management dimension to her job as well, it's not simply number-crunching.

 

4.2   Find a word in the text above that matches each definition below. The words appear in order.

 

1 (fwo words) the things that a person or organization has done in the past which show how well they have done _________

2 (phrasal verb) prepares a written document (e.g. a list, plan, contract) _________

3   be in charge of a group of workers and check that their work is done satisfactorily (= supervise) _________

4 (phrasal verb) officially agree to something _________

5  exchange information so that everyone knows what is happening ________

6  (two words) the process of working with a lot ot numbers and calculating results _________

4.3 Underline the correct words in italics.

 

1  A job that is challenging / demanding is difficult, but also interesting because you have to use a lot of sklll; a job that is challenging / demanding needs a lot of your time and attention, but isn't necessarily either difiicult or interesting.

2  The phrase 'my line manager'/'my boss' could be a little informal, particularly if that person is present (e.g. being introduced by you), so instead we can say 'my line manager'/'my boss'.

3   The word colleague / coworker is more common in Europe; the word colleague / coworker is more common in the US and Asia.

4  The word counterpart / opposite number refers to someone with the same job as you in another organization; the word counterpart / opposite number may have the same meaning, but is also commonly used for someone in your own organization who has the same job but in a different place (e.g. a different country).

 

4.4 Study the following collocations with 'task'

 

approach / get down to / tackle a task

carry out / do / get on with / perform a lask

complete / fulfil / succeed in (doing) a task

assign somebody / give somebody / set somebody a task

Complete 1-3 with endings a-c.

 

1 lf you get down to a task, you ...	a complete it successfully.
2 lf you get on with a task, you ...	b start doing it seriously or with effort.
3 lf you fulfil a task, you …	c continue after stopping for a short time.

               

4.5     Underline the correct wods in italics.

 

1 I work for /on / to a family-owned business.

2 I specialize in /on /to lighting installations.

3 My background is  for / in /with engineering.

4  l'm responsible about / for / of  the initial contact with the client.

5 My role is for /in /to talk to the architects.

6 Somebody else looks at /on /to the detailed specifications.

7 There are a number of other people that I liaise from / to / with

on a day-to-day basis.

8 I report for /to /under the Head of Business Deveopment.

9 My wife works in /on /to the loans department.

10 She deals of /on / with both small and medium enterprises.

11   She is in charge from /of / to a small team.

12 I'm working  for / on / to an interesting project.

13 I'm a journalist - I spend a lot of time working at / for /on my own from home.

14  My brother s off work / out of work - he's been unemployed for two months. My sister is off work / out of work   today - she’s got a bad cold.

15   Every morning I leave for work / the work at 7.30 am. I arrive to / get to work at about 8.45 am. I’m at / in work until 6pm.

16   Her job involves checking / to check the credit history of companies.

4.6 Listening exercise (track 11). Listen to the interview with Jemma. Identify the subjects that Jemma talks about.

 

□  her daily routine

□  lunchtimes

□  her relationship with her boss

□  car parking facilities

□  the atmosphere at work

□  commuting to work

□  what she wanted to be when she was a child

 

4.7  Listen again and complete the first paragraph with the correct words.

 

I work for an ____________ company and I work in ____________ marketing. I look at____________ statistics, monitoring visits and ____________ to the site. I update the ____________ for my company and look at the ____________ and the customer____________ on the site as well. The main website is ____________ at a multitude of different people.

 

4.8  Answer the following questions:

 

1  What is the first thing that Jemma usually does when she arrives at work?

2  What does Jemma say about lunchtimes?

3 How does Jemma describe her working environment and the people she works with?

4  What job did Jemma want to do when she was younger?

5  Why did she not choose this career path in the end?

6  What type of company did Jemma work for before her current job?

 

Discuss in pairs.

Jemma talks a bit about what her company does for people’s health and wellbeing. Do you think a company has a duty to pay attention to people’s health and wellbeing or do you think it is up to the individual? Compare your ideas with a partner.

Tapescript   

I work for an internet company and I work in online marketing. I look at web statistics, monitoring visits and traffic to the site. I update the websites for my company and look at the content and the customer experience on the site as well. The main website is aimed at a multitude of different people.

My daily routine: I work from 9 till 5.30pm Monday to Friday. We have quite a flexible working environment. I usually start the day with a strong cup of coffee and then would go on to sort of answering emails and then depending on, it’s quite a varied role, so depending on what’s pressing I’ll deal with various projects and tasks as and when they come up.

Most of my work is computer based but there are often lots of meetings. It’s always good to discuss things so that everybody’s on the same page and moving projects in the right direction because sometimes email’s not the best method of communication.

I think it’s just, sort of, the nature of, of, the job. It’s a fairly flexible company and it’s not rigidly 9-5 sat at your desk with very strict working hours. It’s, I think the hours are suitable to the role and it works for me and it doesn’t feel excessive in the slightest.

Yeah, we have an hour every day and there’s an area we can go and eat and bring our own food or there’s loads of places locally, cafés etc that we can pop and grab a bite to eat.

We’ve got a really strong culture. The people are really friendly and everybody, kind of, buys into the values of the company and, kind of, there’s a really good ethos so everybody works really closely together to, kind of, achieve an end goal which is really good. It’s a fairly small company and we have a really, kind of, relaxed atmosphere. It’s a really good balance between home-life and work-life and so, kind of, there’s a focus on, you know, taking time out to, kind of, rest and lunchtimes etc so we’ve got a really nice relaxing area for lunching.

We have a really strong focus on, sort of, health and wellbeing and we, sort of, have, sort of, various activities throughout the year that, kind of, encourage a healthy mind etc. We, there’s often activities where, you know, staff are encouraged to take regular walks and get outside and have fresh air. There’s often, kind of, charity events and social events outside of working hours as well to encourage people to, kind of, engage with one another and do fun things. It’s very much like a family feel.

When I was a child I wanted to be a nurse but I realised that I couldn’t stand the sight of blood so I thought it wasn’t the best career move for me so went into marketing.

From studying business and marketing at university I had a really strong interest in advertising and, kind of, getting involved with people and, kind of, consumer environments and then after university I got a job in an international publishing house. I moved into the online marketing side which I found really interesting and an area that’s growing quite rapidly, so that’s it.

Five years’ time? I’m not sure yet. I think I’ll see what comes up. As long as I’m still enjoying working I’ll be happy.

 

4.9 Networking. Read the definition of networking and answer the questions that follow.

 

Networking is the word we use to describe building up our contacts so that we get to know more like-minded people. Usually, we use it in business circles so that people can exchange advice and get information about job opportunities. Traditionally, people would network by going to each other’s houses for dinner, or to social events where they would expect to find others from the same profession. Nowadays, although people still network in person, a lot of networking is done online.

 

1. What do you think ‘like-minded’ means?

2. What do people usually expect to gain from networking?

3. In your own words, how has networking changed?

4. Which word or phrase in the definition means the opposite of ‘online’? 

5. Think of some advantages and disadvantages of networking

 

4.10   Complete the sentences using these words.

 

achieve connect contact exploit     manage succeed

 

1. If you want to ____________ in business, you have to network.

2. Some people think that by networking, you ____________ your friends, and this is a bad thing.

3. I believe that if you work hard, you can ____________ anything – the sky’s the limit!

4. Professionals often use networking as a way to ____________ with other professionals.

5.  Throughout his career, he could never ____________ to rise above the position of Assistant Supervisor.

6. All I did was ____________ the manager on a social networking site and the following week, he invited me for an interview!

 

4.11 Read the two stories below and complete the table. Which of the two people do you agree with most? Who is the most successful? Who do you think is the happiest? Say why.

 

Two networking success stories

1. Andrew

Even at school, Andrew realised the value of networking. He used it to good effect when he was studying for his exams and he was always talking to older students so that he could find out the important things to study. Later, he took every opportunity he could to discover the best university to study at – attending careers fairs, and meeting students all over the country. He never missed the chance to ask everyone he met where they studied and what it was like.

Networking also led to him getting a good job and, during his early career, Andrew was promoted regularly, quickly reaching a very high position. He put this down to making all the right connections, mainly through attending social events every weekend and sometimes on weeknights too. Networking in this way was hard work, though, and it took up most of his free time, so when online social networking became popular, Andrew welcomed it with open arms. Making connections became easier and Andrew continues his rise to the top, changing jobs every year or so, and each time getting a higher salary. Only now, he can network from the comfort of his desk!

 

2. Danny

At school and university, Danny had heard the word ‘networking’ but he hadn’t fully understood the meaning. When, years later, someone explained it to him, Danny was not keen on the idea. In fact, he felt quite strongly about keeping his work and social life separate. He was quite disgusted by the idea that people would exploit friendships and social contacts just to improve their own job prospects. Meanwhile, Danny had a reasonable career – but one that he chose not to think about too much during his free time.

As the years passed, times got hard and Danny was keen to change jobs because he felt he was not getting anywhere. Someone suggested registering for an online social networking service which put professionals in contact with each other. At first, Danny was reluctant, but he reasoned that at least it wasn’t taking advantage of his friends. When one of these online contacts offered Danny a job, his whole life changed, and so did his attitude to networking. As Danny became secure and successful in his career, he began to enjoy networking. He sees it as a way of giving a helping hand to others who are just starting out or are struggling with their careers, and he is very proud of the number of people he has helped in this way.

 

Which person ...	Andrew	Danny
1 has used networking the most?
2 sees networking as a two-way process?
3 was enthusiastic about online networking from the start?
4 has benefited the most from networking?
5 thinks it is wrong to mix work and pleasure?
6 has given more than he has gained from networking?

 

4.12 Your company has sent you to an international meeting. It starts in five minutes.You don’t know the person sitting next to you. Use the chart below to

make conversation with a partner and to find out about them.

 

Question word	Auxiliary	Subject	Verb
Where What How Why When How many employees	do does are has have	you your company he she they	live work do doing have got like go travel studying speak	here? English? at the moment? any other languages? your job? this book? any children? to work? much in your work?

 

 

Answers

1.4

1 A What do you do 1 B a lawyer 2A kind of work 2B as a scientist 

3A for a living 3B in advertising 4A are you doing 4B on a project 5A full-time

5B on a short-term 6A deal with 6B face-to-f ace 7 A in charge 7B responsible for 

8A report to 9B line manager

1.5

1 earn 2 title 3 for a living 4 on 5 as 6 job 7 short-term

8 a freelancer 9 spend 10 to support 11 responsible 12 of

1.6

1 in charge of 2 responsible for 3 deals with 4 looks after 5 takes care of 6 handles

1.8

Sales and Marketing: a, i, m

Production and Operations: d, e, h

Finance: f, k, n

Human Resources: j, I. o

Administration: b, c, g

1.15     1B 2A 3A 4C 5B 6B 7A 8A 9C 10C

1.18 IQ test  (Accept other answers if they can be justified!)

1 26 (Each number is made from the previous two numbers added together)

2 c. Snake, because it is not four-legged (although students could argue that the answer is e – elephant because of its size)

3 b. LEG (At the end of the arm is the hand; at the end of the leg is the foot)

4 12.5

5 ?2.95

6 b. NEW YORK because it is not a capital city

7 The missing letter is L (The odd letters follow the alphabet in order – A-B-C-D; the even letters are doing this in reverse)

8 a. DOCTOR

9 23451 (The first letter or number is placed at the end)

10 c. After an hour (200 km minus Charlie’s 80 km and Rob’s 120 km)

2.26

Suggested answers

1 That it only involves getting your point across

2 Because they do not agree / When they have to reach a decision even though they don’t agree

3 It doesn’t involve doing something together, but being told what to do

2.27

Answers: 1 d; 2 f; 3 h; 4 a; 5 b; 6 c; 7 g; 8 e

2.28

1 recognise        2 feel  3 see   4 mean 5 right 6 sound

3.3

1 checks 2 arranges 3 answers 4 collects 5 deals 6 maintains

3.4

1 meet their needs 2 makes a profit 3 day-to-day basis

4 back - office functions 5 liaise closely 6 recruit 7 behind the scenes 8 step on someone's t oes

3.5

1 estate - owned state-owned 2 cultural culture 3 bureaucracy bureaucratic 

4 responsible responsibility 5 relegates delegates

6 bottom down bottom-up  7 top up top-down 8 innovation innovative

3.6 1. Receptionist 2. Human Resources Manager 3. Secretary 4. Trainer 5. Technical Support Consultant 6. Company Director 7. Managing Director 8. Chief Executive Officer 9. Personal Assistant 10. Company Secretary 11. Chairman 12. Non-executive Director 13. Production Manager 14. Assistant Manager

Unit 4 Revision

4.3

The Podcast – Jemma

1 her daily routine, lunchtimes, the atmosphere at work, what she wanted to be when she was a child

4.4

I work for an __internet__ company and I work in ___online___ marketing. I look at___web___ statistics, monitoring visits and ____traffic___ to the site. I update the__websites___ for my company and look at the ___content__ and the customer__experience__ on the site as well. The main website is ___aimed___ at a multitude of different people.

4.5

1 has a strong cup of coffee

2 they have an hour for lunch, they have an area where they can go and eat and bring their own food or there are loads of places locally, such as cafés, where they can go and eat

3 really friendly and everybody buys into the company values, there a good ethos and everybody works closely together, relaxed atmosphere

4 nurse

5 she couldn’t stand the sight of blood

6 an international publishing house

 

Before you start, ask students to make a note of what Jemma says about what her company does for its workers. You may need to listen to the recording for a third time for this exercise. Then ask students to list other things that a company may do for its employees. Discuss your ideas about a company’s duty to its workers and their health and wellbeing.

 

4.9

Suggested answers

1. People who share similar views, interests, etc.

2. (Information/Advice about) job opportunities

3. People can now do it online, rather than attending social events.

4. in person

Advantages:

► It can help you find a better job.

► It can increase your self-esteem and confidence.

► Learning from others’ experience and practice saves time, energy and resources.

► It allows you to meet new people and gain experience of dealing with people from different backgrounds.

► It is a source of free information.

Disadvantages:

► It requires mixing business with pleasure.

► It can feel as though you are bothering people when they might be busy.

► It can be embarrassing to ask for help or advice.

► It is not easy to talk to strangers.

 

4.10

1. succeed 2. exploit 3. achieve

4. connect 5. manage 6. contact

 

4.11

1. Andrew

2. Danny

3. Andrew

4. Andrew

5. Danny

6. Danny

 

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ

БАШКИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

 

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК

В ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ СФЕРЕ

(АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК)

ПРАКТИКУМ

для магистрантов Института экономики,

Финансов и бизнеса БашГУ

 

 

Уфа

РИЦ БашГУ

201 6

Печатается по решению кафедры иностранных языков

для профессиональной коммуникации
Института экономики,
финансов и бизнеса БашГУ.

Протокол № 2 (79) от 25.02.2016 г.

 

Составители: канд. филол. н., доцент С.В. Губик,                    канд. филол. н., доцент Э.Р. Шакирова.
Цель практикума – формирование навыков делового общения на иностранном языке в ситуациях профессиональной деятельности для решения задач межличностного и межкультурного взаимодействия.