1. What does the word «law» describe in the language of science?
2. What does Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation state?
3. What is the scientific meaning of the word «theory»?
4. How can gravity be explained as the law?
5. How can gravity be described as the theory?
Task 5. Fill in the map below and write the summary of the text «Is Gravity a Theory or a Law? ».
| a) Should we be talking about the Law of Gravity or the Theory of Gravity? b) The meaning of the word «law» c) The explanation of gravity as the law and as the theory d) The scientific meaning of the word «theory» |
Task 6 . Enjoy the jokes.
1) Little Johnny in a science class, learning about «Gravity»...
Teacher : When you throw something up.. Where will it go next?
Someone shouted: Down!
Johnny: Nooo.. It goes side first.
Teacher: Why?
Johnny: It should be Up-Side-Down!
2) Question: What is the center of gravity?
Answer: The letter V!
3) Physics Teacher: «Isaac Newton was sitting under a tree when an apple fell on his head and he discovered gravity. Isn't that wonderful?»
Student: «Yes sir, if he had been sitting in class looking at books like us, he wouldn't have discovered anything».
OPTICS
«Music is the arithmetic of sounds as optics is the geometry of light».
Claude Debussy[4]
Vocabulary
| aid ( V ) – помогать application ( N ) – применение broaden ( V ) – расширять data processing – обработка данных detector ( N ) – прибор для обнаружения, детектор, индикатор carrier ( N ) – носитель coherent ( Adj ) – связанный, последовательный concern ( V ) – заниматься, интересоваться expound ( V ) – объяснять, разъяснять extend ( V ) – расширять extensively ( Adv ) – в значительной степени, широко genesis (N) – происхождение, возникновение image aberration – погрешность изображения | information content – объем информации in relation to – по отношению к involve ( V ) – касаться, затрагивать, включать в себя lens (N) – линза photographic plate – фотопластина procedure ( N ) – процедур, процесс, алгоритм propagation ( N ) – распространение receiver ( N ) – приемник, получатель resurgence ( N ) – возрождение, восстановление vision ( N ) – образ, изображение (на экране) ultimate ( Adj ) – основной, окончательный undergo ( V ) – подвергаться, испытывать, переносить |
Task 1. Discuss with a partner.
1. Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above?
2. What does optics study?
Task 2. Skim the text and choose the best title of it.
a) Two branches of optics
b) The history of the development of optics
c) The general considerations of optics
______________________
Optics is the science concerned with the genesis and propagation of light, the changes that it undergoes and produces, and other phenomena closely associated with it.
There are two major branches of optics, physical and geometrical. Physical optics deals primarily with the nature and properties of light itself. Geometrical optics has to do with the principles that govern the image-forming properties of lenses, mirrors, and other devices that make use of light. It also includes optical data processing, which involves the manipulation of the information content of an image formed by coherent optical systems.
Originally, the term «optics» was used only in relation to the eye and vision. Later, as lenses and other devices for aiding vision began to be developed, these were naturally called optical instruments, and the meaning of the term «optics» eventually became broadened to cover any application of light, even though the ultimate receiver is not the eye but a physical detector, such as a photographic plate or a television camera.
In the 20th century optical methods came to be applied extensively to regions of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum not visible to the eye, such as X-rays, ultraviolet, infrared, and microwave radio waves, and to this extent these regions are now often included in the general field of optics.
(From Britannica Online Encyclopedia)
Дата: 2018-12-28, просмотров: 408.
