Независимый причастный оборот в отличие от зависимого имеет собственное подлежащее. На русский язык независимый оборот переводится придаточным обстоятельственным предложением, начинающимся союзами: если, так как, как, когда, после того как, причем, а, и, но.
Зависимый оборот | Независимый оборот |
Having translated the article, the student showed it to the teacher. – Переведя статью, студент показал ее учителю. | The article having been translated, the student showed it to the teacher. – После того, как статья была переведена, студент показал ее учителю. |
Для выполнения задания № 2 необходимо усвоить разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:
1. Пассивный залог (The Passive Voice) видовременных форм Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.
2. Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do.
3. Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив. Причастие. Герундий.
4. Зависимый и независимый причастный оборот.
Используйте образцы выполнения упражнений:
Образец выполнения № 1
Nylon was the first synthetic fiber used in clothing. – Нейлон был первым синтетическим волокном, используемым в одежде.
Used – Participle II, определение.
Образец выполнения № 2
These metal parts had to be subjected to X-ray examination. – Эти металлические детали пришлось подвергнуть рентгеновскому исследованию.
Had to – эквивалент модального глагола must.
Образец выполнения № 3
The main question has already been discussed. – Главный вопрос уже обсудили (Present Perfect Passive).
Образец выполнения № 4
You have to study hard to know English well. – Ты должен много заниматься, чтобы знать английский хорошо.
Have to – эквивалент модального глагола «must».
Образец выполнения № 5
Reading the article I learnt many interesting facts. – Читая статью, я узнал много интересных фактов.
Образец выполнения № 6
New technological processes having been developed , new types of equipment have been installed in the shop. – Когда были разработаны новые технологические процессы, в цехе было установлено новое оборудование (независимый причастный оборот).
Вариант I
1. Перепишите и переведите предложения. Подчеркните в них Participle I и Participle II и установите их функции в предложении – определение, обстоятельство или часть глагола-сказуе-мого (см. образец выполнения № 1).
1. Students can be educated not only for academic professions, but also for technical professions.
2. When placed in a strong magnetic field iron becomes magnetized.
3. The Blue Room in the white house is an oval-shaped room connecting the Green and the Red Rooms.
4. A person beginning some experiment should be very careful and attentive.
5. The importance of the scientific researches and discoveries is growing with every year.
6. Speaking about the new method of work the engineer told us many interesting details.
7. Hydrogen is the lightest substance known.
2. Перепишите и переведите предложения. Подчеркните в них модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты (см. образец выполнения № 2).
1. Making friends can be difficult in American schools, as the same group of students does not attend all the classes together.
2. Parents have to pay the sum equivalent to the school tax directly to the school the child goes to.
3. Soon we shall be able to understand many phenomena which occur on the solar surface.
4. This mixture is to be heated before the experiment.
5. Due to the energy of the atom man can produce electric energy at atomic power stations.
6. In scientific work we must measure in units of the metric system.
7. Man-made satellites had to use solar cells as a source of power.
8. This power station was to supply us with all necessary energy.
3. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого ( см . образец выполнения № 3) .
1. Hundreds of technologies have been invented to carry out energy conversion processes.
2. The expanding thermal energy is converted to mechanical energy.
3. Electric cars will be widely used in future.
4. Today plastics are being applied for car bodies.
5. The importance of scientific research is growing with every day.
6. A group of seven engineers had worked out the technology for producing a new alloy.
7. By that time Niels Bohr had already accepted Rutherford's model of the atom.
8. The data of the latest research in this field of science were discussed at our conference.
9. Gold is not affected by moisture.
10. The laboratory of our Institute was given a new task.
4. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do (см. образец выполнения № 4) .
1. Compressed steam has more power than hot water.
2. The engine walls have to be cooled or the engine will melt.
3. This material does not possess elastic properties.
4. The exam was to start in the morning.
5. They have graduated from the University this year.
6. You have to come to the language laboratory of the university to work at your pronunciation.
7. Do you really know this man?
8. The exam was to start in the morning.
5. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола (см. образец выполнения № 5).
1. Automobile has reduced effort required to transport people and materials.
2. The shaft turns the magnet, creating a magnetic field.
3. To translate a sentence is to discover its meaning.
4. Combustion makes molecules move faster causing the gas to expand.
5. Carrying out the experiment they were wearing protective suits.
6. The broken cutter must be repaired today.
7. The number of solar power plants is increasing.
8. The aim of this experiment is to investigate the properties of tungsten.
6. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения № 6).
1. A simple laboratory experiment demonstrating this principle is shown in Fig. 29.
2. Having done a number of calculations, our astronomers have shown that the basic mass of the galaxies is concentrated outside their visible part.
3. Ordinary light entering a crystal of tourmaline, the phenomenon of «selective absorption» takes place.
4. Having improved living standards, the mankind partly damaged environment.
5. There is a high level of air pollution in Eastern Europe, it causing serious health problems.
6. The water crisis being crucial for the survival of our planet, we should take care about keeping it clean.
Дата: 2018-12-21, просмотров: 633.