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Нажимая кнопку "Продолжить", я принимаю политику конфиденциальности

1. What countries are the most popular tourists' destinations, do you think? Why?

2. What makes a country popular for tourists?

3. Can the tourists' popularity of a particular country be increased? Which way?

TEXT 1

Vocabulary

to define - определять purpose — цель recreation — отдых

comprehensive — исчерпывающий, всеобъемлющий

tangible — материальный, ощутимый, реальный

intangible — нематериальный, неощутимый, нереальный

insurance — страховка

hospitality — гостеприимство

safety — безопасность

escape — побег, избегание

adventure — приключение

experience —■ опыт, жизненный опыт

sovereignty — суверенитет, суверенное государство

to depend on/upon — зависеть от...

expenditures — расходы

source of taxation — источник налоговых поступлений source of income — источник дохода enterprise —• предприятие consequently — следовательно

non-governmental organization — неправительственная организация to promote — рекламировать, содействовать, поддерживать goods — товары

commerce — коммерция, коммерческая деятельность

interchangeably — взаимозаменяемо

to imply — подразумевать

pejoratively — уничижительно

198

shallow — мелкий, поверхностный

Unit 1. Forms Of Tourism 199

wonder — чудо

prerequisite — необходимый предварительный, необходимый как

предварительное условие essential — существенный, существенно необходимый, основной disposable income — располагаемый доход; доход, которым населе­ние располагает после уплаты налогов sufficient — достаточный inclination — желание, склонность furthermore — более того restriction — ограничение legal — юридический wealth — богатство cuisine — кухня (еда) to gain — приобретать, набирать acceptance — принятие, приятие upbringing — воспитание nobleman — дворянин aesthetic — эстетический to gather — собирать treasure — сокровище volume — объем equal — равный, одинаковый

grand tour — истор. путешествие по Франции, Италии и др. стра­нам для завершения образования to aim at — целиться, стремиться, нацеливаться ladder — лестница

to undertake — предпринимать, брать на себя

artist — художник

architecture — архитектура

literature — литература

art — искусство

to draw visitors to — привлекать посетителей в/к... movement — движение to inspire — вдохновлять to extend — расширять(ся) gorge — теснина, узкое ущелье

Read and translate the text.

TOURISM AND ITS HISTORY

Tourism can be defined as the act of travel for the purpose of recre­ation, and the provision of services for this act. A tourist is someone who

Английский язык для турбизнеса и сервиса

travels at least eighty kilometres (fifty miles) from home for the purpose of recreation, as defined by the World Jourism Organization (a United Nations body).

A more comprehensive definition would be that tourism is a service industry, comprising a number of tangible and intangible components. The tangible elements include transport systems — air, rail, road, water and now, space; hospitality services — accommodation, foods and bev­erages, tours, souvenirs; and related services such as banking, insurance and safety & security. The intangible elements include: rest and relax­ation, culture, escape, adventure, new and different experiences.

Many sovereignties, along with their respective countries and states, depend heavily upon travel expenditures by foreigners as a source of tax­ation and income for the enterprises that sell (export) services to these travellers. Consequently the development of tourism is often a strategy employed either by a Non-governmental organization (NGO) or a gov­ernmental agency to promote a particular region for the purpose of in­creasing commerce through exporting goods and services to non-locals.

Sometimes "Tourism" and "Travel" are used interchangeably. In this context "travel" has a similar definition to "tourism", but implies a more purposeful journey.

The term "tourism" is sometimes used pejoratively, implying a shal­low interest in the societies and natural wonders that the tourist visits.

Prerequisite Factors

"Travel", as an economic activity, occurs when the essential param­eters come together to make it happen. In this case there are three such parameters:

1. Disposable income, i.e. money to spend on non-essentials.

2. Time in which to do so.

3. Infrastructure in the form of accommodation facilities and means of transport.

Individually, sufficient health is also a condition, and of course the inclination to travel. Furthermore, in some countries there are legal re­strictions on travelling, especially abroad.

History

200

Wealthy people have always travelled to distant parts of the world to see great buildings or other works of art; to learn new languages; or to taste new cuisine. As long ago as the time of the Roman Republic places such as Baiae were popular coastal resorts for the rich.

Unit 1. Forms Of Tourism

The terms "tourist" and "tourism" were first used as official terms in 1937 by the League of Nations. Tourism was defined as people travel­ling abroad for periods of over 24 hours.

The Grand Tour

The word "tour" gained acceptance in the 18^th century, when the Grand Tour of Europe became part of the upbringing of the educated and wealthy British nobleman or cultured gentleman. Grand tours were taken in particular by young people to "complete" their education. They travelled all over Europe, but notably to places of cultural and aesthetic interest, such as Rome, Tuscany, Ustka and the Alps.

The British aristocracy were particularly keen on the Grand Tour, using the occasion to gather art treasures from Europe to add to their collections. The volume of art treasures being moved to Britain in this way was unequalled anywhere else in Europe, and explains the richness of many private and public collections in Britain today. Yet tourism in those days, aimed essentially at the very top of the social ladder and at the well educated, was fundamentally a cultural activity. These first tourists, though undertaking their Grand Tour, were more travellers than tourists.

Most major British artists of the eighteenth century did the "Grand Tour", as did their great European contemporaries such as Claude Lor- rain. Classical architecture, literature and art have always drawn visitors to Rome, Naples, Florence.

The Romantic Movement (inspired throughout Europe by the En­glish poets William Blake and Lord Byron, among others), extended this to Gothic countryside, the Alps, fast flowing rivers, mountain gorges, etc.

TEXT WORK