РАЗДЕЛ 3
«УЧЕБНО-ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ СФЕРА ОБЩЕНИЯ»
МЕХАНИЗАЦИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА
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TEXT A «MECHANIZATION OF AGRICULTURE»
VOCABULARY INDEX
NOUNS
VERBS | |
decline | уменьшаться, идти на убыль |
design | проектировать, конструировать |
develop | развивать, совершенствовать |
haul | буксировать, тащить, тянуть, |
improve | улучшать |
increase | увеличивать, повышать |
install | устанавливать |
obtain | получать, достигать, |
plow | вспахивать, пахать |
provide | обеспечивать, предоставлять, |
pull | тянуть, тащить |
replace | заменять |
tow | буксировать |
try out | испытывать, подвергать испытанию; проверять на опыте |
use | использовать, применять |
ADJECTIVES | |
common | общий, всеобщий, общепринятый, распространённый |
driverless | самоходный |
mobile | мобильный, подвижный |
prevalent | распространённый, общепринятый, общеупотребительный |
primitive | примитивный |
space space technology | космический космические технологии |
useful | полезный |
READING
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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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(А ) Exercise 1. Guess the meanings of the following international words.
Mechanization, history, method, mechanical, device, engineer, revolution, industrial, stimulate, combine, transport, tractor, contact, productivity, technology, integration, intensive, energy, chemicals, primitive, function, start, electrical, cultivator, computer.
(A) Exercise 3. Find in the text word combinations built on the model V+N, corresponding to the Russian phrases:
Осознать значимость, получить высокий урожай, разработать химикаты, использовать технику, обеспечить энергией, испытывать плуг, проектировать комбайн, изобрести двигатель, буксировать технику, контролировать функции.
(B) Exercise 3. Match the word in A and its synonym in B.
A | B |
1. significance | a. company |
2. modern | b. simple |
3. engine | c. device |
4. enterprise | d. to enlarge |
5. tool | e. up- to- date |
6. to increase | f. profitable |
7. useful | g. importance |
8. primitive | i. motor |
(B) Exercise 4. Complete these world-building tables.
VERB | NOUN |
mechanize | |
contact | |
produce | |
develop | |
invent | |
eliminate | |
design | |
introduce | |
control | |
install | |
NOUN | ADJECTIVE |
efficiency | |
significance | |
electricity | |
mechanics | |
industry | |
technology |
(C)Exercise 5. Write down sentences of your own using new word combinations.
· labor-saving technologies
· manual labor
· primitive tools
· to provide energy
· to obtain high yields of crops
· to install on-board computers
· to produce a driverless tractor
TEXT STUDY
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(A)Exercise 1. Find the adjectives in the text which are used with the following words or phrases:
§ mechanization § yields § tools § power § plow | § revolution § engine § equipment § switches § tractors |
(А ) Exercise 2. Match the columns.
1. The history of agriculture | A. because they work in close contact with science. |
2. Nowadays every country | B. to mechanize the work of agriculture. |
3. In 1897 a German engineer Rudolf Diesel | C. contains many examples of the use of primitive tools, such as the hoe and the plough. |
4. The use first of water power and then of steam power | D. has realized the importance of farm mechanization. |
5. Farm mechanization is the process | E. invented a new engine known as a diesel which began a transport revolution in cars, lorries, trains and ships. |
6. Farm mechanization is the process of using agricultural machinery | F. stimulated the invention of agricultural machinery replacing manual labor. |
7. Agricultural enterprises are able to obtain high yields of crops and animal produce | G. of using agricultural machinery to mechanize the agricultural work, greatly increasing farm productivity. |
(A) Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions.
1. Every country has realized the importance … farm mechanization..
2. Science and technology provide farmers … labor-saving technologies
3. The history of agriculture contains many examples … the use … primitive tools, such as the hoe and the plough.
4. … greatest significance was the development … mechanical power … farm work.
5. Wind, water and animals were used to provide energy … various devices.
6. The Industrial Revolution began … putting water and steam … work.
7. … the middle of the 18th century farmers tried … a moldboard plow.
8. … World War I gasoline- powered tractors became common.
9. Modern agriculture is known ….. its full-scale mechanization.
(B) Exercise 4. Complete each sentence with the appropriate word: a, b, c.
1. The history of agriculture contains many examples of the use of … tools.
a) modern
b) primitive
c) special
2. Tractors … loads and livestock.
a) hauled
b) powered
c) provided
3. Modern agriculture is known by its … mechanization.
a) full-scale
b) labor-saving
c) intensive
4. Several tractor companies have also been working on producing a … tractor.
a) cabless
b) driverless
c) useless
5. The use first of water power and then of steam power stimulated the invention … of agricultural machinery.
a) providing a source of power
b) putting water and steam to work
c) replacing manual labor
6. Nowadays every country has also realized … of farm mechanization.
a) the popularity
b) the amount
c) the importance
7. … help make agriculture more productive.
a) politics and education
b) economy and ecology
c) science and technology
(B) Exercise 5. Give the English equivalents for the following phrases reflecting realities in agriculture.
Важность механизации; примитивные орудия труда; разработка механической энергии для сельскохозяйственных работ; опробовать навесной плуг; двигатель внутреннего сгорания; ручной труд; сельскохозяйственные предприятия; трудосберегающие технологии; улучшенные сорта растений; улучшенные породы животных; разработать самоходный трактор.
(B,C) Exercise 6. Match the words with the definitions below.
SPEAKING
(A,B) Exercise 1. Put the following points in the order which they are treated in the text. Then say a few words on each point. Make use of the text.
a) Agricultural development in the period of Industrial revolution;
b) Agricultural changes in the 20th century;
c) Primitive agricultural devices;
d) Agricultural inventions in the era of Transport revolution;
e) The 19th century farming;
f) Modern innovations in agriculture;
g) The significance of farm mechanization.
1______2______3______4______5______6______7______
(A,B) Exercise 2. In a small group discuss the following problems. Use the given tables:
Ø What are the main advantages of farm mechanization?
Table 2. Types of engines
§ steam engine § diesel engine § gasoline (petrol) engine § internal combustion engine |
Ø What are the main novelties in farm machinery today?
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TEXT A «FARM MACHINERY»
VOCABULARY INDEX
VERBS
NOUNS
ADJECTIVES
READING
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LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
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(А ) Exercise 1. What parts of speech do these words belong to? Classify the words into the following groups: NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, VERBS.
Complex, complexity, distribution, fertilize, plow, sub-soiler, primary, planter, distributer, gaseous, attachment, cultivator, digger, pull, sprayer, crawler, harvest, available, principal, planting, diversified, feed.
(A) Exercise 2. Find in the text word combinations built on the model Adj+N, corresponding to the Russian phrases:
Сельскохозяйственные машины, первичная обработка почвы, последующая обработка почвы, механические устройства, механизированное сельское хозяйство, предпродажная обработка, почвообрабатывающее оборудование, посевное оборудование, уборочные машины, гранулированные удобрения, современные (сложноустроенные) машины, колесный трактор, гусеничный трактор.
(B) Exercise 3. Match the word in A and its synonym in B.
A | B |
1. labor | a. implement |
2. device | b. spreader |
3. kind | c. tow |
4. machinery | d. track-laying tractor |
5. distributor | e. sophisticated |
6. pull | f. work |
7. crawler | g. equipment |
8. complicated | h. type |
(B) Exercise 4. Match the verbs in A with nouns in B.
VERBS | NOUNS |
1. harvest | a. heavy loads |
2. apply | b. soil |
3. control | c. crops |
4. plow | d. feeds |
5. handle | e. fertilizers |
6. transport | f. pests |
(B)Exercise 5. Complete these world-building tables.
VERB | NOUN |
cultivate | |
distribute | |
equip | |
fertilize | |
harvest | |
irrigate | |
plant | |
process | |
produce | |
till | |
NOUN | ADJECTIVE |
availability | |
diversity | |
gas | |
importance | |
variety | |
wheel |
(C)Exercise 6. Write down sentences of your own using new word combinations.
· a great variety of devices
· simple hand-held implements
· complex harvesters
· applying fertilizers
· complicated and highly sophisticated machines
· wheeled tractors
· track-laying tractors
· have an advantage
·
TEXT STUDY
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(A)Exercise 1. Find the adjectives in the text which are used with the following words or phrases:
§ equipment § implement § control § processing § tillage | § planter § cultivator § spreader § harvester § tractor |
(А ) Exercise 2. Match the columns.
1) Farm machinery is used in… | 1. … plows, sub-soilers, and thinners. |
2) Agricultural implements and machines… | 2. … as row-crop planters, broad-cast planters, grain drills. |
3) The primary tillage equipment includes … | 3. … manure spreaders, fertilizer distributors, sprayers are in use. |
4) The secondary tillage equipment embraces… | 4. … may be divided into 4 main groups. |
5) Planting equipment is classified as… | 5. … combine harvesters. |
6) Such fertilizing equipment as … | 6. … harrows, rollers and tools for mulching and fallowing. |
7) Grain and seed crops are harvested by … | 7. … farming to save labor. |
(A) Exercise 3. Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions.
1. Farm machines include a great variety of devices … a wide range … complexity.
2. Agricultural implements and machines now may be divided … 4 main groups.
3. There are several types … cultivators designed … special crops and conditions.
4. Such fertilizing equipment as manure spreaders, fertilizer distributors, sprayers are … use.
5. Crops are harvested … the use of many kinds … harvesting equipment.
6. Livestock production now uses many complicated and sophisticated machines … handling water, feed, bedding, and manure.
7. Wheeled tractors are used … general farm work.
8. Crawlers have the great advantage as they can be available … heavy loads … any class of land.
(B) Exercise 4. Complete each sentence with the appropriate word: a, b, c.
1. The operations of crop production include:
a) handling water, feed, bedding, and manure.
b) tillage of the soil, fertilizers application, planting, cultivation, harvesting, transportation, storage, premarketing processing.
c) saving labor and doing general farm work.
2. Primary and secondary tillage equipment includes:
a) simple hand-held implements.
b) mowers, rakes, balers.
c) plows, sub-soilers, thinners, harrows, rollers and tools for mulching and fallowing.
3. Planting equipment embraces:
a) manure spreaders, fertilizer distributors, sprayers.
b) row-crop planters, broad-cast planters, grain drills and planting attachments for other equipment.
c) beet and bean cultivators, lister cultivators, rotary hoe cultivators, rod weeders, field cultivators, sub-soil and chisel cultivators.
4. Farmers use such fertilizing equipment as:
a) manure spreaders, fertilizer distributors, sprayers.
b) wheeled and track laying tractors.
c) combine harvesters, beet harvesters, potato harvesters and diggers.
5. Crops are harvested by the use of:
a) complicated and highly sophisticated machines.
b) a great variety of devices with a wide range of complexity.
c) mowers, rakes, balers, combine harvesters, beet harvesters, potato harvesters.
(B,C) Exercise 5. Match the words with the definitions below.
SPEAKING
(A) Exercise 1. Organize the following agricultural operations in the right sequence so that a farmer could produce high yields of crops.
РАЗДЕЛ 3
«УЧЕБНО-ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ СФЕРА ОБЩЕНИЯ»
МЕХАНИЗАЦИЯ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА
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Дата: 2019-03-05, просмотров: 268.