- Maintain the head tilt and chin lift, and look for chest movement. Listen for the sounds of normal breathing and see if you can feel their breaths on your cheek.

- If they are not breathing, you need to start CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation – a combination of chest pressure and rescue breaths) straight away.

Step 3. Call for help and start CPR

- Call 103 or 112 for an ambulance, or ask someone else to do it.

- Next you’ll need to perform CPR - cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This involves giving someone chest compressions and rescue breaths to keep their heart and circulation going.

- If they start breathing normally again, stop CPR and put them in the recovery position.

Step 4. Giving chest compressions

- Kneel down beside the casualty on the floor level with their chest.

- Place the heel of one hand towards the end of their breastbone, in the centre of their chest.

- Place the heel of your other hand on top of the first hand and interlock your fingers, making sure you keep the fingers off the ribs.

- Lean over the casualty, with your arms straight, pressing down vertically on the breastbone, and press the chest down by 5-6cm.

- Release the pressure without removing your hands from their chest. Allow the chest to come back up fully – this is one compression.

- Repeat 30 times, at a rate of about twice a second.

- Give two rescue breaths.

Step 5. How to give a rescue breath

- Ensure the casualty’s airway is open.

- Pinch their nose firmly closed.

- Take a deep breath and seal your lips around their mouth.

- Blow into the mouth until the chest rises.

- Remove your mouth and allow the chest to fall.

- Repeat once more.

Carry on giving 30 chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths for as long as you can, or until help arrives.

If the casualty starts breathing normally again, stop CPR and put them in the recovery position.

Exercises

Answer the questions.

1. What is CPR? When do we do it?

2. What does CPR involve?

3. What should a rescuer do if he finds someone unresponsive?

4. How should a rescuer give chest compressions?

5. How should a rescuer give a rescue breath?

6. What should a rescuer do after the casualty starts breathing?

Give Russian equivalents.

Chest compressions, to keep smb’s heart and circulation going, recovery position, to be unresponsive, to assess the casualty, emergency medical help, airways, to tilt smb’s head back and lift the chin, chest movement, to start CPR, chest pressure and rescue breaths, a heel of a hand, a breastbone, to interlock fingers, to lean over the casualty, to release the pressure, to pinch smb’s nose closed, to take a deep breath, to repeat once more.

Find English equivalents .

Искусственное дыхание и непрямой массаж сердца, не реагировать (без сознания) и не дышать, положение лёжа на боку с расположением полости рта ниже уровня воздухоносных путей и выдвинутой вперёд нижней челюстью, непрямой массаж сердца, поддерживать голову, движение грудной клетки, нажимать на грудину вертикально, зажимать нос плотно, плотно сжать губы, вызывать скорую помощь, вздохнуть глубоко, продолжать искусственное дыхание.