An emergency, a hazard, a risk, a disaster, an accident

1) A sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life.

2) An unexpected and dangerous situation, especially an accident, which happens suddenly and which requires immediate actions.

3) An unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, typically resulting in damage or injury.

4) Something with the potential to cause harm.

5) A probability that the harm will occur from exposure to the hazard.

5. Complete these sentences using the text "Emergency".

1. Emergencies and disasters can ______ suddenly. 2. It can mean the ______ of basic services including water, electricity and gas. 3. Most emergencies require ______ intervention to prevent a worsening of the situation. 4. Emergency services are _______ emergency planning and management. 5. Their work ______ coordinating the planning, training, exercising, activation, and the management in response ______ emergencies. 6. An emergency of anthropogenic nature may result ______ death of people. 7. In some situations, mitigation may not be possible and agencies may only be able to offer ______ care for the aftermath.

Make a report about emergencies. Use words and word combinations from ex. 2.

Text 2

Vocabulary

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Disaster Management is a strategic planning and procedure that is administered and employed to protect critical infrastructures (also known as "critical assets") from severe damages when natural or human made calamities and catastrophic event occur. In the later year of 2010, Europe started to develop a strategic National Disaster Management after so many natural catastrophes happened in the year of 2010. According to European Academy, there are 725 extremely weather phenomena caused billions of Euro damage and thousands of people's life.

Disaster management plans are multi-layered and are aimed to address such issues as floods, hurricanes, fires, bombings, and even mass failures of utilities or the rapid spread of disease. The disaster plan is likely to address such as important matters as relinquishing people from an impacted region, arranging temporary housing, food, and medical care.

There is no country that is immune from disaster, though vulnerability to disaster varies. There are four main types of disaster:

1. Natural disasters. These disasters include floods, hurricanes, earthquakes and volcano eruptions that can have immediate impacts on human health, as well as secondary impacts causing further death and suffering from floods causing landslides, earthquakes resulting in fires, tsunamis causing widespread flooding and typhoons sinking ferries.

2. Environmental emergencies. These emergencies include technological or industrial accidents, usually involving hazardous material, and occur where these materials are produced, used or transported. Large forest fires are generally included in this definition because they tend to be caused by humans.

3. Complex emergencies. These emergencies involve a break-down of authority, looting and attacks on strategic installations. Complex emergencies include conflict situations and war.

4. Pandemic emergencies. These emergencies involve a sudden onset of a contagious disease that affects health but also disrupts services and businesses, bringing economic and social costs.

Emergency Management

Emergency Management is the generic name of an interdisciplinary field dealing with the strategic organization management processes used to protect asses of an organization from hazard risks that can cause disasters or catastrophes, and to ensure the continuance of the organization within their planned lifetime. It is a systematic process leading to action before, during and after a disaster to save lives and prevent injury. "Disaster" here means a major emergency that exceeds the community's capacity to respond successfully with its own resources. Emergency Management is organized into four phases:

1. Mitigation: actions taken to eliminate a hazard or reduce its potential impact.

2. Preparedness: planning for major emergencies, including training and exercises.

3. Response: actions taken in response to emergencies.

4. Recovery: actions taken after a disaster to restore services and reconstruct communities.

Resilience defines the goal of mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery; which is the capability to recover from catastrophe or misfortune. Prevention is totally avoiding danger or risky events.

Mitigation is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters.

Preparedness is a way of mitigating unwanted outcome and it is one of the crucial actions in achieving safety and security in the event of calamities, disasters, and terrorism.

Response. An emergency response plan must provide the resources and information needed to evaluate the human and environmental health impacts of the event, assess and reduce human exposures to contaminants, and develop science-based strategies for remediation and rebuilding.

Recovery. Once immediate lifesaving operations are accomplished, the focus changes to assisting the critical infrastructures involved in the incidents and recovery. Recovery efforts are primarily concerned with actions that involve rebuilding destroyed property, re-employment, and the repair of other essential infrastructure.

Tools. Various types of tools are available to assist emergency response team and professionals. Used tools might include search and rescue dogs, mounted search and rescue horses, helicopters, the «jaws of life», and other hydraulic cutting tools used to extricate individuals from wrecked vehicles. Rescue operations are sometimes supported by special vehicles such as fire department's or EMS heavy rescue vehicle.

Exercises

Answer the questions.

1. What is Disaster Management?

2. What issues are Disaster Management plans aimed to address?

3. What kinds of emergences do you know?

4. What is Emergency Management?

5. How is Emergency Management organized? Name four phases.

6. What is resilience / prevention / mitigation / preparedness / response / recovery?

7. Which tools are used to assist emergency response team and professionals?

2. Match the English words in column A with their equivalents in column B:

Give Russian equivalents.

To protect critical infrastructures, critical asset, severe damages, calamities, extremely weather phenomena, multi-layered plans, to cause damage, floods, hurricanes, fires, bombings, mass failures of utilities, rapid spread of disease, to relinquish people from an impacted region, to arrange temporary housing, medical care, to be immune from disaster, volcano eruptions, to have an impacts on human health, to cause death and suffering, landslide, technological or industrial accidents, hazardous material, a break-down of authority, looting and attacks on strategic installations, a sudden onset of a contagious disease, to disrupt services and businesses, to cause disasters or catastrophes, to save lives and prevent injury, to eliminate a hazard or reduce its potential impact, to restore services and reconstruct communities, effort to reduce loss of life and property, to reduce human exposures to contaminants, to develop science-based strategies for remediation, lifesaving operations, critical infrastructures, to assist emergency response team, to extricate individuals from wrecked vehicles.

Find English equivalents.

Важнейшие объекты инфраструктуры, стихийные или техногенные бедствия, быстрый рост заболеваемости, крупные аварии коммунальных служб, пострадавшая область (зона), временное жилье, медицинское обслуживание, чрезвычайная экологическая ситуация, техногенные и промышленные аварии, опасные материалы, мародерство, нападения на стратегические объекты, вспышка инфекционных заболеваний, спасать жизни и предотвращать травматизм, воздействие загрязняющих веществ, важные объектов инфраструктуры, группа ликвидации аварийной ситуации, извлекать граждан из поврежденных транспортных средств.