Философия эпохи просвещения, немецкая классическая философия            
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Tver, 2018

 

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Древневосточная философия (The Old eastern philosophy)                                                                                              3

Античная философия (Ancient philosophy)                                                                                                                             6

РАННЕХристианская и средневековая философия (Early Christian and Medieval philosophy)                          9

Философия возрождения и нового времени (Philosophy of Renaissance and New Time)                                          12

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Античная философия

(Ancient philosophy)

 

1. Кто из известных античных философов является автором следующего афоризма - “Я знаю, что я ничего не знаю, но есть люди, которые не знают и этого”? – (Who of the famous ancient philosophers is the author of the following aphorism - “I know that I know nothing, but there are people, who don’t know even this”?)

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2. Что находилось в центре внимания “досократических” философских школ? (What was the main concern of the philosophic schools before Socrates?)

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3. Термин “Апейрон”, означает - (The “Apeiron” term means … )

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4. Последователи какой философской школы придавали онтологический статус числам? (What philosophical school followers ascribed ontological status to numbers?)

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5. Кто из античных философов предложил понятие “мир идей”? (Who proposed the “The world of ideas” conception from the ancient philosophers?)

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6.  Какие произведения составляют творческое наследие Сократа? (What compositions were created by Socrates?)

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7. Кто был первым человеком, назвавшим себя софистом, согласно Платону? (Who was the first man to call himself a “Sophist” according to Plato?)

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8. Для какого философского учения характерно понимание философии, как “науки умирать”? (What philosophic doctrine regards philosophy as the “science of dying”?)

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9. “Энтелехия” – понятие, которое Аристотель использовал для обозначения процесса (“Entelechy” is the concept which Aristotle used to denote the process of … )

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10. Состояние философа-мудреца, выражающее автономность существования – это

(What is the state of philosopher-wisdom expressing the autonomy of existence?)

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11. Кто из античных философов впервые употребил термин диалектика? (Who has used the dialectics term for the first time from the ancient philosophers?)

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12. По мнению Платона, «им нет дела до истины, важна только убедительность». О ком говорит Платон? (It is Plato opinion that “they do not have an affair up to true but persuasiveness is only important”. Who is Plato talking about?)

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13. Из каких первоэлементов, по мнению многих античных мыслителей, состоит мир? (From what of the basic elements according to many ancient philosophers the world is composed by?)

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14. Кто впервые разработал учение о бытии, как пустоте, наполненной атомами? (Who first developed the doctrine of being as a vacuum filled with atoms?)

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15. Назовите четыре причины существования Аристотеля (What are four reasons for the existence of Aristotle?)

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16.  Что такое «апории»? ( What is an "aporia"?)

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17. К чему от природы стремится человек, по мнению Сократа? (What is the nature of man aspiring to according to Socrates? 

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18. Вечная и неизменная часть души, согласно Платону - (The eternal and constant part of soul according to Plato is …)

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19. Кто из древнегреческих философов изрек?: «Человек есть мера всех вещей, существующих, как они существуют, и не существующих, как они не существуют». (Which of the ancient philosophers said?: “ Of all things the measure is Man, of the things that are, that they are, and of the things that are not, that they are not ”)

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20. Перечислите категории Аристотеля, не выражающие акцидентные свойства вещи (List the categories of Aristotle that do not express the accidental properties of a thing?)

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21. Какие суждения являются наиболее достоверными, по мнению Аристотеля? (What judgments are most reliable in Aristotle's opinion?)

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22. Какая форма правления является наилучшей согласно Аристотелю? (What is the best form of government according to Aristotle?)

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23. «Единое» - основа бытия, принцип непрестанно эманирующий «свет», который и есть само бытие. Это идеи философского учения: (“Divine One” is the basis of being, principle incessantly pouring out the “light” which also is being. This philosophical ideas belong to … )

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24. Согласно эпикурейцам, человеческая душа после смерти (According to Epicureans after death a human soul is…)

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25. Что является основной причиной всех человеческих несчастий, согласно философии Эпикура? (What is the basic cause of all human misfortunes according to Epicurus?)

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26. Все наши знания, согласно стоикам (According to stoics, all our knowledge …)

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27. Как называется элемент сократической диалектики, который похож на «искусство повивальной бабки, помогающее истине появиться на свет»? (What is the name of the element of Socratic’s dialectics which is similar to «the art of the midwife helping the truth to be born»?)

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28. Кто считается основателем скептической школы? (Who is considered the founder of the skepticism?)

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29. Известная фраза Эпикура (The famous Epicurus phrase is …)

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30.  Что порождает “Мировой разум” согласно Плотину?  (What does the "World Mind" generate according to Plotinus?)

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СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯ ЧАСТЬ 1:


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СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯ ЧАСТЬ 2:


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Специфика философского познания. Вопросы Онтологии

(The subject and structure of philosophy. Specific features of philosophical cognition. The questions of ontology)

 

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ПСИХОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА

(The problem of consciousness and unconscious,

mind-body problem)

 

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Вопросы гносеологии. Модели врачевания

(Questions of Gnoseology. Models of physician-patient relationship)

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ВОПРОСЫ АКСИОЛОГИИ. ПРОБЛЕМА ЧЕЛОВЕКА

(Questions of axiology. Problem of a human being)

 

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Tver, 2018

 

                                                                           содержание (Content)                                                                     стр. (page)

 

Древневосточная философия (The Old eastern philosophy)                                                                                              3

Античная философия (Ancient philosophy)                                                                                                                             6

РАННЕХристианская и средневековая философия (Early Christian and Medieval philosophy)                          9

Философия возрождения и нового времени (Philosophy of Renaissance and New Time)                                          12

философия эпохи просвещения, немецкая классическая философия            

(Philosophy of Enlightenment, German Classical philosophy)                                                                                                            15

СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯ ЧАСТЬ 1: Философия марксизма, фрейдизма, неокантианства, неомарксизма, неотомизма, прагматизма, Философия науки, Философия жизни (Modern philosophy Part 1: Psychoanalitic philosophy, Philosophy of neo-kantianism, Neo-marxism, neo-thomism, pragmatism,

philosophy of science, philosophy of life)                                                                                                                                             18

СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯ ЧАСТЬ 2: ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИАЛИЗМ, ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЯ, ГЕРМЕНЕВТИКА, СТРУКТУРАЛИЗМ, ПОСТСТРУКТУРАЛИЗМ, ПОСТМОДЕРНИЗМ ( Modern philosophy Part 2: existentialism ,

phenomenology, hermeneutics, structuralism, poststructuralism, postmodernism)                                                                             21

Предмет и структура философии. Специфика философского познания. Вопросы Онтологии

(The subject and structure of philosophy. Specific features of philosophical cognition. The questions of ontology .)                   24

ПРОБЛЕМА СОЗНАНИЯ И БЕССОЗНАТЕЛЬНОГО, ПСИХОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА

(The problem of consciousness and unconscious, mind-body problem.)                                                                                              26

Вопросы гносеологии. Модели врачевания

(Questions of Gnoseology. Models of physician-patient relatioship)                                                                                                   28

ВОПРОСЫ АКСИОЛОГИИ. ПРОБЛЕМА ЧЕЛОВЕКА. (Questions of axiology. Problem of a human being)                          30

 

 

Древневосточная философия

(The Old eastern philosophy)

 

1. Какой термин философии индуизма обозначает цепь перерождений, «хоровод» жизней и смертей? (Which term of Hinduism refers to the chain of rebirths, the "round dance" of lives and deaths? ) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

2. Что обозначает термин «Брахман»? (“Brahman” as philosophical concept means…) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Как называются комментарии к Ведам, являющиеся первыми философскими текстами индуизма? (What is the name of commentaries to the Veda which are the earliest philosophical texts of Hinduism?)

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4. Какова причина пребывания людей в сансаре? (What is the reason for people staying in samsara?)

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5. Кто является «Богом – разрушителем» в индуистской космогонии? (Who is the “God-destroyer” of Hinduism’s cosmology?)

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6. Чем задаются этические нормы в Индуизме?  (Ethic norms in Hinduism are based on)

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7. В соответствии с учением ортодоксальных школ Индуизма, к чему ведёт неукоснительное соблюдение закона Дхармы?  (According to doctrine of orthodox schools of Hinduism which is the result of strict observance of the law of Dharma?)

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8. Что является источниками проявленной реальности согласно онтологии школы Санкхья? (What are the sources of manifested reality according to the ontology of Samkhya school?)

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9. Кто является рассказчиком «Бхагавад-гиты»? (Who is the narrator of Bhagavad-Gita?)

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10. Как называется материалистическая философская школа древней Индии? ( What is the name of the materialistic philosophical school of Ancient India?)

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11. Последователи Хинаяна Буддизма видят своей задачей ( Followers of Hinayana Buddhism see their task in … )

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12. Как дословно переводится термин «Карма»? (The term “Karma” literally means… )

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13. Что является основным инструментом восточных медитативных практик? (What is the basic instrument of eastern meditation practices?)____________________________________________________________________________________

14. Как называется холистическая система медицины и здорового образа жизни, родившаяся в древней Индии? (What is the name of the holistic system of medicine and healthy lifestyle emerged in ancient India?) 

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15. Сколько «благородных истин» в Буддизме? (How many “noble truths” are in Buddhism?)

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16. Как называется принцип поведения в Йоге, провозглашающий ненасилие по отношению ко всем живым существам? (What is the name of the principle of behavior in Yoga which proclaims non-violence toward all living beings?)

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17. Привязанность человека к крайним позициям («Я должен сделать это, не смотря ни на что!»), трактуется буддистами как следствие ( Human attachment to extreme position (« I must do it no matter what !»), is treated by Buddhists as consequence of … )

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18. Как в Буддизме называются элементарные причинно-обусловленные состояния потока сознания человека? – ( What is the name of the elementary causative conditions of human stream of consciousness in Buddhism ?)

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19. Как называется одна из основополагающих практик Дзэн-Буддизма имеющая своей целью разрушить привычные стереотипы дуалистического типа мышления, устранить привязанность ума к словам? (What is the name of the o ne of the basic practices of Zen-Buddhism whose purpose is to destroy the habitual stereotypes of the dualistic type of thinking and eliminate the attachment of the mind to words?)

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20. Что обозначает понятие «ЦИ» в китайской философии?(" Tzi ( Qi )" concept of the Chinese philosophy means … )

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21.  Авторство философского трактата «Дао Дэ Цзин» приписывают (The author of the “Tao Te Ching” philosophical treatise is attributed to… )

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22. Принцип «У Вэй» понимается как ( The “ Wu Wei ” principle means … )

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23. Что является основой морального поступка с точки зрения даосизма? (What is the foundation of moral action according to the Taoism point of view?)

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24. Какая философская идея отражена во фразе? - «Однажды Чжуан Цзы приснилось, что он бабочка и, проснувшись, он задал себе вопрос: Как могу я знать, снился ли человек спящей бабочке или спящему человеку снилось, что он бабочка?» (What philosophical idea is reflected in the phrase?- “ Once upon a time, I, Chuang Chou, dreamt I was a butterfly, fluttering hither and thither, to all intents and purposes a butterfly. I was conscious only of my happiness as a butterfly, unaware that I was Chou. Soon I awaked, and there I was, veritably myself again. Now I do not know whether I was then a man dreaming I was a butterfly, or whether I am now a butterfly, dreaming I am a man” ?)

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25. Какая из перечисленных причин заболеваний человека является фундаментальной согласно представлениям традиционной китайской медицины?  (Which of the following causes of human diseases is a fundamental according to the ideas of the traditional Chinese medicine?)

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26. Кто провозгласил следующий тезис? – «Верните вещам свои имена!» (Who has proclaimed the following thesis? –“Return to things their names!”)

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27. Основополагающей добродетелью в конфуцианстве считается (The major virtue in Confucianism is considered to be…)

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28. Какие проблемы наиболее подробно рассмотрены в Конфуцианстве? (What problems are the most thoroughly considered in Confucianism?)

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29. Концепция «Ахимса» как императив экологического сознания находит своё предельное воплощение среди последователей (“ Ahimsa ” concept as an imperative of ecological consciousness finds its ultimate embodiment among the followers of … )

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Античная философия

(Ancient philosophy)

 

1. Кто из известных античных философов является автором следующего афоризма - “Я знаю, что я ничего не знаю, но есть люди, которые не знают и этого”? – (Who of the famous ancient philosophers is the author of the following aphorism - “I know that I know nothing, but there are people, who don’t know even this”?)

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2. Что находилось в центре внимания “досократических” философских школ? (What was the main concern of the philosophic schools before Socrates?)

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3. Термин “Апейрон”, означает - (The “Apeiron” term means … )

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4. Последователи какой философской школы придавали онтологический статус числам? (What philosophical school followers ascribed ontological status to numbers?)

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5. Кто из античных философов предложил понятие “мир идей”? (Who proposed the “The world of ideas” conception from the ancient philosophers?)

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6.  Какие произведения составляют творческое наследие Сократа? (What compositions were created by Socrates?)

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7. Кто был первым человеком, назвавшим себя софистом, согласно Платону? (Who was the first man to call himself a “Sophist” according to Plato?)

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8. Для какого философского учения характерно понимание философии, как “науки умирать”? (What philosophic doctrine regards philosophy as the “science of dying”?)

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9. “Энтелехия” – понятие, которое Аристотель использовал для обозначения процесса (“Entelechy” is the concept which Aristotle used to denote the process of … )

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10. Состояние философа-мудреца, выражающее автономность существования – это

(What is the state of philosopher-wisdom expressing the autonomy of existence?)

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11. Кто из античных философов впервые употребил термин диалектика? (Who has used the dialectics term for the first time from the ancient philosophers?)

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12. По мнению Платона, «им нет дела до истины, важна только убедительность». О ком говорит Платон? (It is Plato opinion that “they do not have an affair up to true but persuasiveness is only important”. Who is Plato talking about?)

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13. Из каких первоэлементов, по мнению многих античных мыслителей, состоит мир? (From what of the basic elements according to many ancient philosophers the world is composed by?)

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14. Кто впервые разработал учение о бытии, как пустоте, наполненной атомами? (Who first developed the doctrine of being as a vacuum filled with atoms?)

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15. Назовите четыре причины существования Аристотеля (What are four reasons for the existence of Aristotle?)

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16.  Что такое «апории»? ( What is an "aporia"?)

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17. К чему от природы стремится человек, по мнению Сократа? (What is the nature of man aspiring to according to Socrates? 

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18. Вечная и неизменная часть души, согласно Платону - (The eternal and constant part of soul according to Plato is …)

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19. Кто из древнегреческих философов изрек?: «Человек есть мера всех вещей, существующих, как они существуют, и не существующих, как они не существуют». (Which of the ancient philosophers said?: “ Of all things the measure is Man, of the things that are, that they are, and of the things that are not, that they are not ”)

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20. Перечислите категории Аристотеля, не выражающие акцидентные свойства вещи (List the categories of Aristotle that do not express the accidental properties of a thing?)

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21. Какие суждения являются наиболее достоверными, по мнению Аристотеля? (What judgments are most reliable in Aristotle's opinion?)

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22. Какая форма правления является наилучшей согласно Аристотелю? (What is the best form of government according to Aristotle?)

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23. «Единое» - основа бытия, принцип непрестанно эманирующий «свет», который и есть само бытие. Это идеи философского учения: (“Divine One” is the basis of being, principle incessantly pouring out the “light” which also is being. This philosophical ideas belong to … )

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24. Согласно эпикурейцам, человеческая душа после смерти (According to Epicureans after death a human soul is…)

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25. Что является основной причиной всех человеческих несчастий, согласно философии Эпикура? (What is the basic cause of all human misfortunes according to Epicurus?)

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26. Все наши знания, согласно стоикам (According to stoics, all our knowledge …)

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27. Как называется элемент сократической диалектики, который похож на «искусство повивальной бабки, помогающее истине появиться на свет»? (What is the name of the element of Socratic’s dialectics which is similar to «the art of the midwife helping the truth to be born»?)

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28. Кто считается основателем скептической школы? (Who is considered the founder of the skepticism?)

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29. Известная фраза Эпикура (The famous Epicurus phrase is …)

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30.  Что порождает “Мировой разум” согласно Плотину?  (What does the "World Mind" generate according to Plotinus?)

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Дата: 2018-12-21, просмотров: 559.