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UNIT 1
Career in Engineering
The highest reward for a person’s toil
is not what they get for it, but what they
become by it.
Starter
Why did you choose the specialization you are being trained for? Which of these points are the most important?
► you can put your creativity to the test every day
► you can help people by improving the quality of everyday life
► it offers a lot of careers
► there is an opportunity to work together with many other professionals, like lawyers, accountants,
geologists, scientists, meteorologists
► the possibility of team-work
► self-improvement
► good money
► something else.
Vocabulary&Reading
A Job or a Career?
1 a Look at the text. What is it about?
b Check the words and phrases in the dictionary.
a job
inspiration
to have a career
to shape one’s future
to make money
financial security
to integrate
commitment
development
professional skills
promotion
3 Read the text and answer the questions after.
• What’s the difference between having a job and having a career?
• Have you chosen between a job and a career yet?
• What do you have to remember planning a career?
Having a job and having a career are two different things. A job is something you do to make money. You may enjoy the job, work hard at it and do well, but you are primarily doing it for money to satisfy your other interests outside of the work environment. A career is something that integrates your desirers and interests so that it gives you satisfaction above the money you make. To have a career means commitment and development, but first of all planning.
This process can begin at any age. For some people it starts when they are a small child and visit mom or dad at their place of work. For others it can come later through the inspiration of a teacher.
It is up to each individual to decide whether a job or career is best for them. People may share the same talent and interest but other aspects of their personality will dictate which direction to go. For example, one guitar player may decide to plan a career as a professional musician. Another may decide that the financial insecurity is too much for him, get a regular job and satisfy his musical interests in his free time.
Remember, if you have decided to follow a career, you must start early in your academic life to plan and take steps for developing your professional skills. Second, in addition to a suitable background for a desired career, creativity, self-promotion and preparation are absolutely vital for any sort of success in the job search. Last, students must develop confidence in themselves and recognize the power that each of them has to take control of their future and shape it in a way that is best for them.
2 Complete the table with word-forms. Look at the text if necessary.
| Verb | Noun | Adjective |
| to develop | ||
| to promote | ||
| to prepare | ||
| to create | ||
| to decide | ||
| to inspire |
Listening&Speaking
Priorities
1 Is it easy to study at university? Do all graduates get a job easily? What else can you do after graduation?
2 a A radio programme is interviewing students who are going to become engineers in order to find out, what they think of their future profession. Look up these words and phrases, mark the stressed syllables.
career path
jobs of low responsibility
thorough training
prove one’s competence
analytical skills
required
inventiveness
to break the accepted rules
to be employed as
to apply
at a high demand
challenging
improved quality of li
b Listen to 6 students and make a note of what they think of their future career.
3 a Listen again and complete these sentences.
Nora
1 There is no one typical … for civil engineers.
2 Most engineering graduates start with jobs …, and as they prove their competence, they are given more and more responsible tasks.
3 Engineers are at a high demand at banks, … and management consultancies because of their ….
Oliver
4 Being employed as an engineer, you are … the creative application of scientific principles to ……… structures, machines, apparatus, manufacturing processes, or works using them singly or in combination.
Dino
5 Having learnt how to apply theories and principals of science and mathematics I will be able to ....
Caroline
6 Having been educated in this sphere, you may be employed in….
7 I like to work as part of a … and think that I’m ….
Tom
8 I actively take part in students’ conferences and carry out ….
9 Knowing extra information in the field of engineering I can … to everyday life.
Alice
10 … requires of engineers that they dare to …and conventions, and critically examine the actual state of things.
4 State whether it is True or False.
1 Most engineering graduates make a career in no time.
2 Narrow specialization in engineering is rather challenging but very important.
3 Engineers can hardly find a job in business sector.
4 Inventiveness requires of engineers that they dare to break the accepted conventions.
5 Due to their analytical skills engineers are at demand in educational sphere.
6 Knowledge in the field of engineering is very useful in daily life.
5 Answer the questions.
1 How can an engineer make a career in business?
2 Where is your specialization at high demand?
3 What are the main responsibilities of people in your profession?
4 Can you apply the information you learn about your future profession to everyday life? How?
5 Are you ready to do anything to get promoted and to make a career?
6 What was your main focus when you were thinking of your future profession?
Reading
Check yourself
Guess the words. Look back at the previous texts if you need.
1 It is something you do to make money.
2 It is something that integrates your interests and the money you make.
3 It also means to employ or to hire new staff members.
4 It is a science, or profession of planning, building, or managing various systems.
5 It is a particular ability, something that requires special training.
6 It is a person or organization that hires someone.
7 To do something in a brand-new way, leaving the traditional methods.
8 The whole of the steps you make in your working life.
9 It is a special quality, something that demands imagination and originality.
10 It means personal development, rise to a higher position.
UNIT 2
Effective Job Search
Everything what is done
in the world is done by hope.
Starter
What should you do to find a job? Find the logical sequence of steps you should take.
► get an invitation for an interview
► read the classified ads
► think what kind of job you want
► analyze your skills, personality traits and accomplishments
► get ready for the interview
► find out as much as you can about the company
► prepare the necessary docs.
Reading &Speaking
1 Make sure you know the following words.
employment agencies benefits
ads P.O. box
job opportunities demand
2 Read the text.
So, You Are Looking for a Job. What must you begin with? There are several traditional ways of looking for a job.
The best way of doing it is to address employment agencies or to study the ads of job opportunities being published.
Advertisements of job opportunities can be read in different printed publications. But which of them is worth reacting to? Don't put much trust in the yellow press ads. Solid companies place ads in prestigious publications with a firm reputation.
The structure of job opportunities ads is usually the same: the name of the vacant position, the list of the candidate's professional duties, the demands made of the candidate, and the system of compensations and benefits. The e-mail address of the office is usually given at the end. Carefully read the demands made of the given position. Often, the demand to know a foreign language is very important.
3 Study the advertisement for Horizons Unlimited. What kind of job do they recruit for? What are the main responsibilities and requirements for the job? Find similar ads in Belarusian newspapers/magazines. Is the layout the same in your language? Underline the qualities and skills that you’ve got.
| CHIEF ENGINEER City: London HORISONS UNLIMITED Is the largest construction company in The UK Main Responsibilities: - managing in day to day engineering operations, - planning the works, leading the team & resolving the problems. Specific Requirements: - experience not less than 4 years in building management & maintenance - good knowledge of English - experience with PC - excellent organizational, management and leadership skills - driving license is be useful Please e-mail your CV to cv.flpersonnel@gmail.com |
Reading and writing
Reading and writing
Your CV/Resume
1 Check the words and phrases.
objective
experience
skills
statement of intent
extracurricular
reference reverse
fluent
request intermediate
2 Read the text and learn how to write resumes in English.
CV stands for the Latin words Curriculum Vitae, which mean: the course of one's life. A CV is also called a resume (especially in American English). Your CV is a summary of your professional/academic life until now, and it usually concentrates on your personal details, education and work experience.
An excellent resume may help you get the job of your dreams. Ideally, resume should not be longer than one page.
The contents of a resume can be roughly categorized as: PERSONAL INFORMATION, JOB OBJECTIVE, EDUCATION, EXPERIENCE, SKILLS, EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES, REFERENCES.
The resume begins with PERSONAL INFORMATION, name, address, telephone number and e-mail centered at the top of the page.
After your address, JOB OBJECTIVE should be written. Think about your job search and career goals carefully. For example: "Objective: To obtain a position in telecommunication that will allow me to use my knowledge of engineering and take advantage of my desire to work in sales."
After the statement of intent, describe your EDUCATION. List the universities, institutes and colleges you have attended in reverse chronological order. Any studying you have done abroad should be included and courses you have taken and that are relevant if you graduated with honors, you should definitely include this. A "red diploma" can be called "graduated with high honors" in English. Do not include your school.
In the EXPERIENCE section list your experience starting with your most recent place of employment and work backwards. List your responsibilities in short statements that don’t include the words "my" or "I".
Following experience, you should list your special SKILLS. These include your language skills, computer abilities, and any other talents that relate to your statement of intent. When describing your language abilities, it is better to be honest about your level, "Fluent English," "native Russian," "intermediate German", and "beginning French" are all ways to describe your language abilities.
EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES should be included in the next section. Organizations you belong to, sports and hobbies should be listed here. Do not list "reading" or "writing" as an activity. It is assumed most people with a higher education do these things regularly.
The last section of your resume is the REFERENCE section. List at least two people, not related to you, who can describe your qualification for the job. Their names, titles, places of work, and telephone numbers should be included. If you do not have space on your resume for this, write "Available upon request." You will then be expected to give this information to a prospective employer if it is requested.
A neat and well-written resume with no spelling mistakes will give an employer the impression that you are accurate and take care of details.
3 Read Louisa’s CV and tick the topics in the text which are included.
| Louisa Barry Flat 7, 32 Sycamore Avenue Marston MN42 7HD Tel: (home) 0278 657 9876 (mob) 09876 334455 E-mail: LouisaBarry@eserve.co.uk Education High school graduate, Fredericksburg Gymnasium, Denmark. Degree Transportation Management, University of Marston (to be completed June 2009). Knowledge of all aspects of transportation processes (design, logistics, transport rounds). Skills Proven ability to work under pressure as a member of a team, excellent personal skills. Experience Six-month work placement with independent transportation company (Brown’s Roads Inc, Marston) working on delivery processes. Gained valuable experience during university vacations working in private transportation companies in France. Languages Danish (mother tongue), French (fluent in speech and writing), English (intermediate). Personal details Danish nationality (EU citizen – work permit not required). Age 22. Single. Non-smoker. Full clean driving license. |
4 a Find words or phrases in Louisa’s CV that mean the following.
1 she has shown that she can do something
2 the ability to get on well with people
3 time spent getting work experience while you are a student
4 someone who has completed their course at school or university
5 it will be finished
6 first language
7 quite good
8 someone who doesn’t smoke
b Notice how in a CV we miss out words which are unnecessary or obvious.
Examples:
(I am) final year student in Transportation Management at (The) University of Marston.
(I have) knowledge of all aspects of transportation processes.
4 Work in pairs. Imagine that your firm received a lot of applications for a job. Discuss them. Sort them into three groups:
a these look promising,
b these are possibles,
c no, thanks.
1 As you will see from my enclosed CV, I have been working for my present company for three years. I joined them as assistant works manager and was promoted to production manager last year. Before that I had spent two years taking full time diploma course.
2 My name’s Jim Brown and I can do great things for your company!
3 I’m 29, unmarried, fit and healthy and I’ve got all the qualifications and experience to make me the ideal.
4 I am sure I would be able to manage the department successfully as I am good at supervising people and at giving clear instructions. I feel that I would be perfect.
5 I wish to apply for the job you have advertised. Please send me further details.
6 I noted with interest your advertisement for a marketing assistant.
7 I am writing about the job in your advertisement in today’s newspaper. I have 5 years’ experience in export and import trade as well as the qualifications you listed.
8 I am ambitious and my present job doesn’t offer me the chance to develop.
9 If you consider that my experience and qualifications are suitable, I would be available for interview at any time
10 I enclose a CV, which gives full details of my qualifications and work experience. In support of my application, I should like to mention that, though my present employers are first – rate and our relationship is excellent, I am keen to extend my range and I am looking for a more rewarding and challenging job.
11 I would be grateful if I could discuss the post available in person and perhaps go into my background and my suitability for the post in more detail.
5 Write a CV for yourself using the headings in the text and Brigitte’s CV to help you. You can invent experience and qualifications if you prefer.
Reading and speaking
The job interview
Luck never gives; it only lends.
1 Check the words and phrases.
to relax the dress code well-groomed
trimmed
application form
stranger
effort
shrug weaknesses
to get rid of smth.
2 Read the text and be ready to answer the following questions:
• Imagine you are having and interview. What will you put on?
• What will you do to get ready for the interview?
• What will you say to impress the interviewer?
You finally have an interview! Here are several useful pieces of advice that are designed to help you in getting the job of your life.
First of all, the interview is not the place to exhibit your flair for the latest fashion style. Even though many companies have relaxed the company’s dress code, interviews still follow the conservative standard. Remember that stylish is not conservative. How to dress for an interview?
Conservative two-piece business suit (solid dark blue or grey is best).Conservative long-sleeved shirt/blouse (white is best, pastel is next best). Clean, polished conservative shoes. Well-groomed hairstyle. Clean, trimmed fingernails. Minimal cologne or perfume. Empty pockets—no keys or tinkling coins. No gum, candy or cigarettes. Light briefcase or portfolio case. No visible body piercing (nose rings, eyebrow rings, etc.) No beards. Mustaches are a possible negative, but if you must, make sure it is neat and trimmed. No dresses. carry a briefcase instead. Minimal use of makeup.
BEFORE THE INTERVIEW.
1 Find as much as you can about the job beforehand.
2 Think about how your qualifications and experience relate to the job. Why should the employer employ you and not somebody else?
3. Make sure you know where the interview office and how to get there. Be on time, or better, a few minutes earlier.
4 Bring a pen; you will probably be asked to fill an application form. Answer all the questions the best you can.
5 Bring with you samples of your work or letter of recommendation from your teachers or any one else you might have worked part time for.
AT THE INTERVIEW. The interview is designed to find out more about you and to see if you are suitable for the job. And now consider the interview for a moment. You will be spending twenty to thirty minutes in a tiny cubicle with a total stranger. This person will then decide whether you will ever have a chance of working for their company. The best you can hope for is to avoid being disqualified, which only takes you one step further into the interviewing labyrinth. One little mistake, one little error, and you could be history. So to survive there you should:
1 Be prepared.
2 Strike fast. Try to establish your candidacy in the first 5 minutes of the interview. Look people in the eye.
3 Make a real effort to answer every question the interviewer asks. Be clear and concise. Never answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’ or shrug.
4 Admit it if you don’t know anything about the more technical aspects of the job. Stress that you are willing to learn.
5 Show some enthusiasm when job is explained to you.
6 Ask questions at the close of the interview. For instance, about the working hours, holidays, or if there is a training programme.
7 Be ready to fill out applications, give references, take some examinations or tests on request.
As you prepare for the interview process, remember that any interview is a useful experience that helps you to find out your weaknesses and get rid of them.
3 Get ready for the group simulation. Read all the information. Analyse all questions, be ready to answer them.
QUESTIONS INTERVIEWERS ASK
Personal:
1. Tell me about yourself. (Expand on your resume in two minutes).
2. What are your hobbies?
3. What do you know about our organization?
4. Describe your ideal job.
5. What do you consider to be your strengths/ weaknesses?
6. Who are your role models? Why?
7. What motivates you most in a job?
8. Have you ever had difficulty in getting along with a former supervisor / co-worker? How did you handle it?
9. Do you prefer large or small organizations? Why?
10. What have you learned from your mistakes?
Education:
1. Why did you choose your university?
2. In which campus activities did you participate?
3. Which classes did you like best/least? Why?
4. If you were to start your college career over again, what you would do in a different way, and why?
5. What is your grade point average? Does this accurately reflect your ability? Why/why not?
6. Have you held any leadership roles? What is your leadership style?
Experience:
1. What job related skills have you developed?
2. Describe your previous work experience. What were your responsibilities? What did you learn?
3. How does your college education or work experience relate to this job?
4. How do you think a former supervisor would describe your work?
5. In what ways do you think you could make a contribution to this company?
Career goals / other:
1. What are your short-term goals? Long-term goals?
2. Do you prefer to work under supervision or on your own?
3. What qualities do you look for in a supervisor?
4. Describe your ideal working environment.
5. Why do you think you would be successful in this career?
6. What are your plans for continued education?
7. Why should we hire you?
YOU are expected to ask questions about the position or the company during an interview. Do not ask questions regarding information that was available on the company’s website or literature! This will show you haven’t done your research!
About the job:
1. What are some of the skills and abilities necessary for someone to succeed in the job?
2. What are the traits and skills of people who are the most successful within this organization?
3. What do you consider to be the most challenging aspects of this job?
4. How is performance measured and reviewed?
5. Is this a new position or a replacement?
6. Why did this person leave this job?
7. What kind of work might I be doing in the first six months of the job?
8. What is your method of training and orienting new employees?
9. Can you describe a typical day for someone in this position?
10. When do you expect to make a decision on this position?
About the department
1. How many employees are in this department?
2. Who are the other people with whom I would work in this position?
3. With what other key individuals/groups does this person interface?
About the company
1. What are the company’s values?
2. Could you explain your organizational structure to me?
3. Where does this position fit in the organization?
4. Can you describe the company’s management style?
5. What are the company’s policy regarding ongoing training and education so that employees can keep up with their skills or acquire new ones?
4 Make up a list of possible don’ts for an interview.
Real Life
A formal telephone call
1 Louisa Barry is phoning to Horizons Unlimited. Listen to the conversation. Why is she phoning? What is the secretary going to do?
2 Complete the missing phrases in the conversation. Then listen again and check.
Telephonist Good morning, Horizons Unlimited.
Louise Hello, _____________________ to Marion O’Neill, please.
Telephonist Marion O’Neill… just a moment, I’ll ________________.
Secretary Hello, how can I help?
Louise Err… ____________________ to Marion O’Neill, please?
Secretary I’ll just see if she’s available, can I ask __________?
Louise Louisa Barry.
Secretary One moment, please. (pause) Hello?
Louise Yes, hello?
Secretary Yes, I’m afraid Marion’s in a meeting at the moment…
can I take __________________ or shall I ask _______ back?
Louise Well, I’m _________________ she interviewed me for a
job about two weeks ago and I haven’t heard anything yet.
Secretary Okay, well, __________________ the message and ask her
to call you back. Have you got a number______________?
Louise Well, I’ll be here till about 4 o’clock… the number’s
01604472472.
Secretary Right, and __________________?
Louise No, but she can _______________ on the answering machine.
Secretary Okay, then, thanks ____________.
Louise Thank you, bye.
Secretary Bye.
3 Work in pairs. Act out a conversation below. Student A: You are phoning Travel Direct to find out about some airline tickets you ordered. You want to speak to Sandi Elliott. Student B: You work at Travel Direct. Sandi Elliott is on the other line at the moment.
Student A Student B
← Answer the phone
Ask to speak to Sandi Elliott ---------------→
← Explain that Sandi is on the other
line; ask the caller to hold or if
he/she wants Sandi to call back
Ask if she can call back ---------------------→
← Ask what the call is about
Explain what the call is about---------------→
←Ask for the caller’s number
Give your number(s) -------------------------→
and say when you
can be contacted
← Say thank you and end
the conversation
Say goodbye------------------------------------→
Vocabulary&Reading
Contracts
1 Do the General Knowledge Quiz.
1 Contract is a
a formal agreement.
b verbal agreement.
c written exchange of promises.
2 Labour Code is a
a volume of ancient manuscripts.
b system of letters to communicate messages.
c set of principles and rules of work.
3 Remuneration is a
a system of numbers.
b system of compensations an benefits.
c reward or payment.
4 Fringe benefit is a
a bonus given in addition to a regular salary.
b hair style.
c payment to the poor.
5 Notice is
a representation of numbers and quantities.
b notification of intention to end a contract of employment.
c observation, special attention.
2 Read the contract. Pay attention to its structure.
| CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT I. General conditions of employment • Working hours – full-time 8.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. Monday to Friday 10.00 a.m. to 2.00 Saturday • Holidays – as indicated in the Labour Code and other state regulations; to be arranged by the department manager • Notice - two weeks’ notice is required during one month’s trial period - one month’s notice is required after the trial period - both parties can terminate this contract on day the trial period expires without previous notice - in all cases a notice in writing is required II. Responsibilities • contracts with customers • collecting information • managing in day to day engineering operations • planning the works • leading the team • resolving the problems III. Remuneration • A monthly salary of 2000 will be paid during the trial period. • Next, a monthly salary of 10.000 will be paid, plus incentive bonus, which will be 0,2% of the department income over 2.000.000. IV. Fringe benefits • Company car, also for private use – within a limit of 200 km/month • Free medical care. |
3 Find in the text the synonyms of the following words:
employee’s tasks
payment
supervision
probation
benefit
to end
work regulation laws
4 Make up a contract that would be ideal for you. Try to be realistic. Discuss your contract with your partner.
Check yourself
Translate the text into Russian using a dictionary if necessary.
UNIT 3
Starter
Dwell on any of the following ideas:
► qualities that help me to succeed in my studies
► qualities I’d like to develop
►character traits that don’t let me be successful enough
► negative personal qualities that help people be successful
► characteristics I hate about people who share my daily routine.
Reading&Speaking
Real life
A Letter of Complaint
1 Make sure you know the words.
to complain
customer service
to refund
to book
in advance
to point out
apology
substantial amount
reply
formal note
to receive
2 a In this extract businesswoman Ruth Lee talks about an occasion when she had to write a letter of complaint. Before you read the extract think about a time when you had bad service. Did you complain about it? What was the result? Compare your experience with Ruth’s.
The last letter of complaint I wrote was about three months ago. My company uses a taxi company quite regularly when people have to travel to the airport. On this occasion, I had booked a taxi about a week in advance to take two members of the staff to the airport because they had to fly to France for an important meeting. However, when they came back from France, the two staff members told me that the taxi had never arrived. In the end, one of the two men picked up his colleague in his own car and drove to the airport himself. They almost missed the flight. So I wrote a two-page letter to the taxi company, pointing out how much business my company gives them and telling them that we wanted some kind of compensation otherwise we’d take our business elsewhere. The next day, I received a full apology, along with a substantial amount credited to our taxi account to cover the next taxi journeys booked by my company.
b In your own words, describe the problem which made Ruth write to the taxi company. What two things did the taxi company give to Ruth after they received her letter?
3 Read 5 top tips for writing effective letters of complaint.
Many companies aim to give very good customer service. Sometimes, however, things go wrong and then the ability to complain effectively is important. There are usually two reasons for writing a letter of complaint about bad service. You may want the company to do something about the problem – for example, you may want them to refund your money. On the other hand, you may simply want them to know that you are not happy.
Here are 5 top tips that will help you to learn how to write effective letters of complaint.
1 Set a formal tone at the beginning of the letter (remember to begin your letter with ‘Dear Sir/Madam’ if you don’t know who will deal with it).
2 Tell the reader why you are writing. A good way to do this is to use the phrase ‘I’m writing to complain about…’
3 Give as factual and clear description of what happened as possible.
4 Say what you want to happen as a result of your letter. Do you want a refund or a letter of apology? You may simply want to tell the company how you feel. Phrases such as ‘As you can imagine, I’m very disappointed by this poor service. It is not what I expected from your company’. Finish this section by telling the person reading the letter that you expect a reply: ‘I look forward to receiving your reply’.
5 End on a formal note. If you started your letter ‘Dear Sir/Madam’, end it ‘Yours faithfully’ then sign your name. This is normal for any formal letter.
4 Rewrite the letter of complaint to make it effective.
| Dear Sammy’s Restaurant I had dinner in your restaurant yesterday and it was terrible. The food was really awful and the waiters were terrible. They didn’t help us at all. I want a refund. Thanks Roberto Darcy |
Check yourself
Find synonyms among the following words.
factual knowledge
soft skills
management
hard skills
official
Emotional Intelligence
finding compromise
protest
agreement
settlement
complaint
administration
objective
solution
formal
goal
way out
apology
UNIT 4
Have you got what it takes?
Be thankful for problems.
If they were less difficult,
someone with less ability
might have your job.
Starter
Dwell on the following ideas:
►top five of the most important problems for young people in my country
►what I will do in 5 years’ time
►I have a hobby that will let me earn the living in case of unemployment
►a universal job, which can involve all the unemployed people of our planet
►what success means to me.
Reading&Speaking
Unemployment
1 Check the words and phrases.
to seek labour offices increase
to earn adjust provide
to obtain underpayment mutual recognition
issue persistent
2 Read the extract.
Unemployment is the condition of one who is capable of working, actively seeking work, but unable to find it. Statistics on unemployment analyzed by government labour offices in most countries is considered to be the chief indicator of economic health. In the United States the unemployment rate of two percent is often said to be the basic rate.
In Europe, unemployment is by far a most important issue. When presented with the choice of 15 different areas of concern people put unemployment either first or in the top three. Europeans feel that unemployment is the main cause of poverty.
The problem of unemployment among young people has been one of the most important for years. The number of young people looking for a job is constantly increasing. They look for employment not only for the sake of earning money, but because they want to gain some independence from their parents and to adjust themselves to the reality of our life. In Belarus after graduation the budget students are provided with the first workplaces. Belarus has bilateral agreements on mutual recognition of education certificates with dozens of the world countries. But it is not the question of getting a job but the question of getting a good job then. Young people used to obtain everything at once and usually don’t want to realize that promotion is a question of time and hard work. Sometimes graduates are overqualified for the jobs offered to them. But if the person is persistent he will always find the job he/she is looking for. Unfortunately not all the required professions are well paid. Underpayment can also be regarded as a kind of unemployment.
3 Answer the questions.
1 What do you know about unemployment abroad and in your country?
2 Are you sure that you will get a job after graduation?
3 Do you agree that underpayment is a kind of unemployment?
4 In your opinion, for whom it is more difficult to find a good job: for an ambitious young person or an experienced adult?
Listening&Speaking
Doing Something different
1 Check the words and phrases
to resign
retraining
plumber
supervisor
legal secretary
well-paid
solicitor
accountant
2 Read about three people and answer the following questions for each person.
• What jobs did they use to do?
• What are they doing now?
Clare
Last year Clare Davis, 26, resigned from her job as a geography teacher in a secondary school and started retraining as a plumber.
Kevin
When Kevin Dunstable, 31, lost his job as a supervisor in an electronic factory nine months ago, his wife Sally returned to her job as a legal secretary, leaving Kevin at home to look after their three young children: Jodie, 6, Daniel, 4, and Chloe, 18 months.
Lorna and Ian
Eighteen months ago, Lorna Whitwort, 29 and her husband Ian gave up their well-paid jobs in the city of London (Lorna was a solicitor and Ian was an accountant) and moved to the country to run a small hotel. Lorna was pregnant with their first child.
3 Listen to the three people describing how it happened and answer the questions.
Why did they live their old job?
What are the good things about new job?
What are the disadvantages?
4 Mark the following statements true or false. Then listen again and check.
1 Clare was joking when she first said she wanted to be a plumber.
2 She has problem with her male colleagues on the course.
3 She sometimes finds that older people have less confidence in her work.
4 Kevin became a house husband because he wanted to spend more time with his children.
5 He finds his life now harder work than his old job.
6 He’s made lots of new friends since he changed roles.
7 Lorna and Ian weren’t very successful in their old jobs.
8 They worked much longer hours in London.
9 She thinks it will be a good place to bring up children.
5 Discuss the following questions in groups.
1 Would you like to do what any of these people are doing? Why? Why not?
2 Do you think they have made the right decisions?
3 Are there any jobs that men/women are better suited, do you think?
4 What you would do?
Real Life
Have you got what it takes?
1 Check these words in the dictionary.
to concentrate on smth. to distract smb.
to be jealous to run a training course
a steady job variety
to be wise workaholic
2 Do the test. Imagine that you’ve got a job. Then look at the assessment.
1 Do you find it easy to concentrate on one subject?
a Not at all, I like to think about a variety of things.
b I try hard but sometimes it’s difficult.
c Yes, I have no problem doing this.
2 Do your leisure interests ever distract you from your work?
a No, never. b Sometimes. c Yes, often.
3 You are planning a weekend with your friends. On Friday afternoon something urgent comes up. What is your reaction?
a You try to find someone else to do it for you.
b You forget your weekend and do what you have to.
c You decide it will have to wait as you already have plans for the weekend.
4 You get a new job and discover that a local college is running a training course that will be very useful in your work. How do you react?
a You are not very interested in doing it.
b You decide to do a course even if you have to pay for it yourself.
c You will go but only if your new company pays for it.
5 Where do you see yourself in five years’ time?
a You’ll probably be in the same position as now.
b You think you’ll be in a better position.
c You intend to advance your career considerably in the next five years.
6 Do you think about your work/studies outside your work/college?
a Sometimes.
b Very frequently.
c No, I ‘switch off’ from work as soon as I can at the end of the day.
7 Do you think intelligence lead to success?
a Intelligence alone doesn’t lead to success.
b Yes, you need to be intelligent to be successful in life.
c It’s a big part of success.
8 One of your colleagues gets promoted. How do you feel?
a You’re a bit jealous.
b You’re pleased for your colleague.
c You’re upset. You want to find out why it wasn’t you and what went wrong.
9 Do you believe in the saying ‘practice makes perfect’?
a No, nobody’s perfect.
b Yes, the harder you work at things, the better you become.
c People don’t have much time to practice things these days.
10 Is it useful to look back at the past?
a No, you can’t change what has happened.
b Yes, it’s very important to look back and to analyze our mistakes so that we don’t repeat them.
c May be sometimes, but everyone can be wise about the past.
11 What do you think about hard work?
a It’s the way to get what you want.
b It’s OK if you are paid well for it.
c It’s very tiring.
12 Where does your motivation come from?
a From you family.
b From your boss.
c From inside yourself.
Scores
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |
| a | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| b | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| c | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Assessment
20-24 If you are not already a success, there is no doubt that you will be one day. You have got all the qualities necessary for success, including ambition, determination and imagination. Take care not to become a workaholic – if you do, it will affect your family, yourself and, in the end your happiness.
8-19 You want to be successful and have got all the necessary qualities. But perhaps you need a little more self-confidence to believe that you can and will succeed. Perhaps, you dream about success, but do not really believe it will happen. Making those dreams come true is not easy, but it is certainly possible.
0-8 You need a lot of hard work to make a success of your chosen career, but is this really what you want in life? Perhaps you believe that happiness is more important than success. Maybe you prefer a happy family life, a steady job and a regular salary. Remember everyone is different and happiness does not come from trying to become something that you do not really want to be.
3 Complete the table with words from the test and assessment.
| Noun | Adjectives |
| success | |
| jealousy | |
| intelligent | |
| importance | |
| happy | |
| ambitious | |
| determined | |
| imaginative | |
| confidence | |
| possible |
Writing
My Future Career
1 a Write a composition of about 20-25 sentences on the topic “My future career”. Dwell on the following ideas:
• the profession I have chosen
• the sphere of my professional interests
• the skills I should possess to become a good specialist and ways to develop them
• problems of employment
• my future, where I will be in 5 years’ time
• my chances to succeed in life
• what I will do if I am not able to work by profession.
b Use the following phrases as prompts.
I study at …. Thus, in the future I will be able to work as....
… is one of the most prestigious and widely required professions today.
While studying at the university I have a thorough training in various general and specific subjects, such as...
Being employed as a …, you are responsible for …
Of course to become a qualified specialist one should possess and develop a number of personal qualities, like … I think that the most important qualities for an engineer are to be …, to possess….
I think in 5 years’ time I will be…
I hope I have all the chances to succeed in life because….
The problem of unemployment among young people….
In Belarus after graduation….
Listening
Manic Monday♫
1 Work in pairs. How do you typically feel at the following times? Which is your favorite / least favorite day of the week? Why?
• Friday afternoon • Sunday morning • Saturday evening • Monday morning
2 Complete the gaps in the song with the words and phrases from the box. Then listen and check.
| airplane dream fun day made Monday (×2) nine paid run day stream Sunday there time train wear |
Six o’clock already
I was just in the middle of a __________
I was kissin’ Valentino
By a crystal blue Italian ______________
But I can’t be late
‘Cause then I guess I just won’t get_____
These are the days
When you wish your bed was already ___
It’s just another manic_______________
I wish it was _______________________
‘Cause that’s my ___________________
My I don’t have to __________________
It’s just another manic________________
Have to catch an early ________________
Got to be at work by _________________
And if I had an ______________________
I still couldn’t make it on ______________
‘Course it takes me so long
Just to figure out what I’m gonna _______
Blame it on the train
But the boss is already ________________
CHORUS
3 Discuss the following questions in small groups.
• What excuses is she going to make to her boss?
• Why is it important that she isn’t late?
• Why is the song called ‘Manic Monday’? Are your Mondays usually manic? Why?
Check yourself
Make up your own sentences with the following words.
underpayment
unemployment
success
confidence
well-paid
workaholic
a steady job
to resign
to provide
to obtain
to earn
Test
Match the synonyms.
hard skills goal
soft skills resume
CV Emotional Intelligence
apology official
settlement to get
formal excuse
complaint negotiation
compromise protest
objective factual knowledge
to obtain agreement
Match the antonyms.
hard skills to spend
team-work soft skills
underpaid to increase
to resign agreement
verbal agreement lazy bones workaholic contract
to earn individual work
argument to apply for
a steady job well-paid
to reduce part time job
Texts for Listening
Priorities
Nora. Choosing a profession I thought of the variety careers to follow, that is possible with the diploma of engineer. There is no one typical career path for civil engineers. Most engineering graduates start with jobs of low responsibility, and as they prove their competence, they are given more and more responsible tasks. Engineers can do analysis or design work, or management of more complex design projects, or management of other engineers. Engineers are in high demand at banks, financial institutions and management consultancies because of their analytical skills. They are also at a high demand in the IT sector for the same reason.
Oliver. Engineer is one of the most widely required professions today. Being employed as an engineer, you are responsible for the creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, manufacturing processes, or works using them singly or in combination. They work in every state, in small and large cities, and in rural areas and in different branches of engineering. Engineers design machinery, products and systems.
Dino. Having learnt how to apply theories and principals of science and mathematics I will be able to solve practical technical problems. This speciality, called ‘narrow specialization’ is unique, challenging but very important.
Caroline. Having been educated in this sphere, you may be employed in industry and business. Successful participation in International business promises improved quality of life and a better society, even leads to a more peaceful world. I like to work as part of a team and think that I’m creative, analytical, and detail-oriented.
Tom. While studying at the university I have a thorough training in various general and specific subjects, such as Geodesy, Higher Mathematics, Drawing and so on. I actively take part in student conferences and carry out engineering projects. Knowing extra information in the field of engineering I can apply my knowledge to everyday life.
Alice. This is one of the most important and wide-spread professions. Being able to develop their own ideas and turn those new ideas into reality a qualified engineer can help our society to stay in a dynamic living environment. Inventiveness requires of engineers that they dare to break the accepted rules and conventions, and critically examine the actual state of things.
A formal telephone call
Telephonist Good morning, Horizons Unlimited.
Louise Hello, I’d like to speak to Marion O’Neill, please.
Telephonist Marion O’Neill… just a moment, I’ll put you trough.
Secretary Hello, how can I help?
Louise Err… could I speak to Marion O’Neill, please?
Secretary I’ll just see if she’s available, can I ask who’s calling?
Louise Louisa Barry.
Secretary One moment, please. (pause) Hello?
Louise Yes, hello?
Secretary Yes, I’m afraid Marion’s in a meeting at the moment… can I take a
message or shall I ask her to call you back?
Louise Well, I’m phoning because she interviewed me for a
job about two weeks ago and I haven’t heard anything yet.
Secretary Okay, well, I’ll pass on the message and ask her
to call you back. Have you got a number she can contact you on?
Louise Well, I’ll be here till about 4 o’clock… the number’s 01604472472.
Secretary Right, and is there a mobile number?
Louise No, but she can leave a message on the answering machine.
Secretary Okay, then, thanks for calling.
Louise Thank you, bye.
Secretary Bye.
Doing Something Different
Clare. I’d been working as a geography teacher in a big secondary school for about three years and I was really fed up. The children were really badly behaved and rude, and it was really hard to control them. Every day was really stressful and awful. I was working every evening marking homework and preparing lessons and I just went to bed exhausted and really depressed every night. It just wasn’t the right job for me.
Then one day I read in the newspaper that there aren’t enough plumbers in the country. Too many people are going to university and not enough people are training to be plumbers! And I said jokingly to my boyfriend, ‘I’ll be a plumber. I’ll earn more money and I won’t have to deal with those kids everyday! And I’ll never have to worry about finding a job!’
And at first it was just a joke, but then I started thinking about it seriously and here I am, and so far I’m really enjoying it. You have practical problems to solve every day, which I like. You start work early, which I don’t like I must say, but when you go home at 4 or 5 o’clock that’s it, you can forget about it until the next day. No more nights lying awake worrying about it!
I’m the only woman on the course. My colleagues are all male, but they’re fine. They make a few jokes, mostly because I used to be a teacher, but it’s all very friendly. Sometimes you meet older people who think you can’t do the job because you’re a woman, and that’s a real pain, but compared to my classes at school where I used to work it’s really no problem at all!
Kevin. I lost my job when the company where I worked closed down, and it was terrible. All these men unemployed and there are no jobs for them anywhere. And so my wife, Sally decided to go back to work. She’s a legal secretary and there’s always lots of that kind of work, but she has to work long hours.
So basically we changed places. I look after the baby and take the other two to school, and do the shopping and the cooking and the housework. And I must say it’s the hardest work I’ve ever done! Before I used to think that my wife had an easy time while I was working. Now I see mums and housewives in a different way!
At first I hated it. I was desperate to get back to work, but now I’ve started to enjoy it. I never used to see much of the kids and now I’m watching them grow up, and part of everything they do. I still feel a bit lonely sometimes. Em, I miss the people I worked with, but at least the other mothers at school talk to me now, and I even met some other ‘house-husbands’ at the school gate. But I don’t want to do it forever. I’m still looking for another job.
Lorna. Ian and I were both doing well in our careers in the city, but we were working really long hours, often 12 hours a day and traveling 2 hours a day as well – and still living in a tiny flat, because flats are so expensive in London. And when we decided to get married and start a family, we just realized we didn’t want to bring our children up with that kind of life, that kind of stress.
We came down here for a holiday and just fell in love with this place. It just seemed like the ideal place for children to grow up, and when we found the hotel, it was perfect – like a dream come true.
I must say it’s been a lot harder than I thought. Running a hotel is a 24 hour job, and we’ve had lots of problems that we didn’t really expect. The people in the village weren’t that friendly at first, though it’s getting better now, and we had quite a lot of money problems and things like that. After the baby’s born it’s going to be difficult too. Ian will have to work even harder, because I’ll have the baby to look after.
But even with all those problems I still really love it. I really enjoy meeting new people all the time. It’s still the place where I want to bring up my children, and I don’t miss my life in London at all! At the end of a long day, I just look out at the view and listen to the sea. I still think we’re really lucky to be here.
Manic Monday
Six o’clock already
I was just in the middle of a dream
I was kissin’ Valentino
By a crystal blue Italian stream
But I can’t be late
‘Cause then I guess I just won’t get paid
These are the days
When you wish your bed was already made
It’s just another manic Monday
I wish it was Sunday
‘Cause that’s my fun day
My I don’t have to run day
It’s just another manic Monday
Have to catch an early train
Got to be at work by nine
And if I had an airplane
I still couldn’t make it on time
‘Course it takes me so long
Just to figure out what I’m gonna wear
Blame it on the train
But the boss is already there.
LITERATURE
1 BBC World Service. Improve Your Professional Skills. British Broadcasting Corporation, 2004. – 10 p.
2 Мантатова С.С., Левчук Э.Т., Доржиева Г.Б. Engineering Mosaic: English for science and technology. Улан-Удэ: изд-во ВСГТУ, 2007. – 82 с.
3 S. Cunningam, P. Moor. Cutting Edge: intermediate. Longman, 2005. – 176 p.
CONTENTS
Unit 1
Career in Engineering …………………………………………………. 3
Unit 2
Effective job search……………………………………………………..11
Unit 3
Improving your professional skills…………………………………….27
Unit 4
Have you got what it takes? ...................................................................36
Test………………………………………………………………………44
Texts for listening……………………………………………………….46
Literature………………………………………………………………. 49
Contents………………………………………………………………… 50
UNIT 1
Career in Engineering
The highest reward for a person’s toil
is not what they get for it, but what they
become by it.
Starter
Why did you choose the specialization you are being trained for? Which of these points are the most important?
► you can put your creativity to the test every day
► you can help people by improving the quality of everyday life
► it offers a lot of careers
► there is an opportunity to work together with many other professionals, like lawyers, accountants,
geologists, scientists, meteorologists
► the possibility of team-work
► self-improvement
► good money
► something else.
Vocabulary&Reading
A Job or a Career?
1 a Look at the text. What is it about?
b Check the words and phrases in the dictionary.
a job
inspiration
to have a career
to shape one’s future
to make money
financial security
to integrate
commitment
development
professional skills
promotion
3 Read the text and answer the questions after.
• What’s the difference between having a job and having a career?
• Have you chosen between a job and a career yet?
• What do you have to remember planning a career?
Having a job and having a career are two different things. A job is something you do to make money. You may enjoy the job, work hard at it and do well, but you are primarily doing it for money to satisfy your other interests outside of the work environment. A career is something that integrates your desirers and interests so that it gives you satisfaction above the money you make. To have a career means commitment and development, but first of all planning.
This process can begin at any age. For some people it starts when they are a small child and visit mom or dad at their place of work. For others it can come later through the inspiration of a teacher.
It is up to each individual to decide whether a job or career is best for them. People may share the same talent and interest but other aspects of their personality will dictate which direction to go. For example, one guitar player may decide to plan a career as a professional musician. Another may decide that the financial insecurity is too much for him, get a regular job and satisfy his musical interests in his free time.
Remember, if you have decided to follow a career, you must start early in your academic life to plan and take steps for developing your professional skills. Second, in addition to a suitable background for a desired career, creativity, self-promotion and preparation are absolutely vital for any sort of success in the job search. Last, students must develop confidence in themselves and recognize the power that each of them has to take control of their future and shape it in a way that is best for them.
2 Complete the table with word-forms. Look at the text if necessary.
| Verb | Noun | Adjective |
| to develop | ||
| to promote | ||
| to prepare | ||
| to create | ||
| to decide | ||
| to inspire |
Listening&Speaking
Priorities
1 Is it easy to study at university? Do all graduates get a job easily? What else can you do after graduation?
2 a A radio programme is interviewing students who are going to become engineers in order to find out, what they think of their future profession. Look up these words and phrases, mark the stressed syllables.
career path
jobs of low responsibility
thorough training
prove one’s competence
analytical skills
required
inventiveness
to break the accepted rules
to be employed as
to apply
at a high demand
challenging
improved quality of li
b Listen to 6 students and make a note of what they think of their future career.
3 a Listen again and complete these sentences.
Nora
1 There is no one typical … for civil engineers.
2 Most engineering graduates start with jobs …, and as they prove their competence, they are given more and more responsible tasks.
3 Engineers are at a high demand at banks, … and management consultancies because of their ….
Oliver
4 Being employed as an engineer, you are … the creative application of scientific principles to ……… structures, machines, apparatus, manufacturing processes, or works using them singly or in combination.
Dino
5 Having learnt how to apply theories and principals of science and mathematics I will be able to ....
Caroline
6 Having been educated in this sphere, you may be employed in….
7 I like to work as part of a … and think that I’m ….
Tom
8 I actively take part in students’ conferences and carry out ….
9 Knowing extra information in the field of engineering I can … to everyday life.
Alice
10 … requires of engineers that they dare to …and conventions, and critically examine the actual state of things.
4 State whether it is True or False.
1 Most engineering graduates make a career in no time.
2 Narrow specialization in engineering is rather challenging but very important.
3 Engineers can hardly find a job in business sector.
4 Inventiveness requires of engineers that they dare to break the accepted conventions.
5 Due to their analytical skills engineers are at demand in educational sphere.
6 Knowledge in the field of engineering is very useful in daily life.
5 Answer the questions.
1 How can an engineer make a career in business?
2 Where is your specialization at high demand?
3 What are the main responsibilities of people in your profession?
4 Can you apply the information you learn about your future profession to everyday life? How?
5 Are you ready to do anything to get promoted and to make a career?
6 What was your main focus when you were thinking of your future profession?
Reading
Structure of Engineering Studies
1 Check the following words and phrases in the dictionary, mark the stressed syllables.
to develop engines
chemical plants application
facilities
responsibility
pharmaceutical industries to be involved in
large-scale projects construction
skyscrapers
application power production
performance analysis
2 Read about the Structure of Engineering Studies and answer the following questions.
• What are the main careers for an engineer?
• Which of the specializations do you like most?
The aim of Engineering Studies is to develop students' understanding of the nature and importance of engineering for the modern society. Students develop understanding of the role of the engineer, responsibilities of engineers, communication skills appropriate to engineering practices, management and problem-solving skills. Engineering is a science, work, or profession of planning, building, or managing engines, machines, roads, electrical systems, chemical plants, etc; application of scientific knowledge to practical purposes.
This is a short list introducing you to a variety of different types of engineers. These are by no means all of the engineering fields available to students today, just a start.
Aeronautical engineers study jet engines and aircraft design. They may also work on applications for space missions. Agricultural engineers design farm equipment, animal shelters, crop systems, and product processing systems. Chemical engineers develop processes and products made with chemicals, perhaps in the food, petroleum, or pharmaceutical industries. Civil engineers design roads, buildings, transportation systems, and other large-scale construction projects. Categories within this area may include structural, environmental, geological, hydraulic, transportation and construction engineering. Electrical and computer engineers design, construct, and maintain electronic systems that may include working with computer chips and electronic communications. Geological engineers solve earth related technical problems. Industrial engineers plan and design industrial and business facilities. Materials engineers study metals, ceramics, plastics, and composites to design materials for applications that may involve transportation, communication or power production. Mechanical engineers create machines and may work on transportation systems, power production or performance analysis. Nuclear engineers work with nuclear reactors and radiation applications.
Thus, engineers are involved in everything from medicine to space, from skyscrapers to roadways, from aircraft to robotics. You need to be an up-to-date engineer, to use creativity and apply concepts to solve design problems.
3 Fill the table.
| Types of engineers | Specialization |
| Aeronautical engineer | |
| farm equipment, animal shelters, | |
| Chemical engineers | |
| roads, buildings, … | |
| Electrical and computer | |
| solve earth related technical problems | |
| Industrial engineers | |
| metals, ceramics, plastics, … | |
| Mechanical engineers | |
| nuclear reactors and … |
Reading&Speaking
Дата: 2018-12-21, просмотров: 1028.