UK POLITICAL SYSTEM

Теоретическая часть

Данный лексический материал предназначен для того, чтобы студенты могли читать специальные тексты и подготовить монологическое высказывание по теме.

A constitutional monarchy                                               конституционная монархия

A hereditary sovereign                                                     наследственный монарх

Elected House of Commons                                       выборная палата общин

Partly hereditary House of Lords                                     частично наследственная палата лордов

The title of King (or Queen)                                            титул короля (королевы)

The arbiter of last resort                                                   арбитр последней инстанции

Dissolution of Parliament                                                роспуск парламента

To form a government                                                     сформировать правительство

Clear majority                                                                  четкое большинство

The supreme legislative power                                         высшая законодательная власть

To dissolve smth                                                              распустить (парламент)

A chamber                                                                        палата

A hereditary peer                                                             наследственный пэр

A spiritual pee                                                                  епископ – член парламента

A life peer or peeress                                                       пожизненный пэр или пэресса

The real governing body                                                   орган, обладающий реальной властью

To propose a bill                                                               внести законопроект

To be approved by smb., smth.                                        быть одобренным кем-либо, чем-либо

To veto a bill                                                                     наложить вето на законопроект

The executive power of the Crown                                  исполнительная власть монарха

To be exercised by                                                           осуществляться (чем-либо)

To be headed by smb.                                                      возглавляться кем-либо

Prime Minister                                                                  премьер-министр

To command a majority                                                   обладать большинством

To appoint smb                                                                назначить кого-либо

The Conservatives (the Tory)                                           консерваторы ( тори)

The Labour Party                                                             лейбористская партия

To be in office                                                                  быть у власти

A long-established party                                                  давно существующая партия

The Liberals                                                                     либералы

To hold government office                                               быть у власти ( о правительстве)

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст :

UK Political System

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. It means that the government of the United Kingdom is by a hereditary sovereign, an elected House of Commons and a partly hereditary House of Lords.

The sovereign has the title of King ( or Queen). The sovereign has very few functions that really matter, such as the function of the arbiter of last resort in some matters. These matters can be dissolution of Parliament and invitations to form a government.

The supreme legislative power is vested in the Parliament, which sits for 5 years unless sooner dissolved. The Parliament has two chambers: the House of Lords with about 830 hereditary peers, about 270 life peers and peeresses, and the House of Commons. The House of Commons has 650 popularly elected members. The House of Commons is the real governing body of the United Kingdom. In order to become a law, a new bill proposed by the Cabinet must be approved by both houses of the Parliament. The Lords cannot veto a bill, but they can delay it for a maximum of one year. Financial bills cannot be delayed by the House of Lords.

The executive power of the Crown is exercised by the Cabinet, headed by Prime Minister. Prime Minister, normally the head of the party commanding a majority in the House of Commons, is appointed by the Sovereign. Prime Minister appoints the rest of the cabinet. All ministers must be members of one or the other houses of the Parliament. They are individually and collectively responsible to the Crown and the Parliament.

Government in Britain since 1945 has alternated between only two political parties, the Conservatives (the Tory) and the Labour Party. No other party has been in office at all since 1945 and there have been no coalitions. The third long-established party, the Liberals, enjoyed moments of success, but no member of the Liberal Party has held government office since 1945.

Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы :

1. What does the term <constitutional monarchy> mean?

2. What are the functions of the sovereign?

3. Who are the members of the House of Lords?

4. What are the functions of the houses?

5. What are the functions Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers?

6. What are the major political parties in Great Britain?

Вопросы к практическому занятию  

1. Что означает термин “конституционная монархия”?

2. Кто входит в палату лордов?

3. Какие политические партии Великобритании вы знаете?              

Практическое занятие 24-25