SCIENTISTS. INVENTORS AND THEIR INVENTIONS
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Теоретическая часть

Данный лексический материал предназначен для того, чтобы студенты могли читать специальные тексты и подготовить монологическое высказывание по теме.

Science                                                                             наука

Invention                                                                          изобретение

To discover                                                                      открыть

To explore                                                                        исследовать

To investigate                                                       изучать

Research                                                                          исследование

To carry out                                                                     проводить

Achievement                                                        достижение

To perform                                                                       выполнять

To guide                                                                          управлять

Space                                                                               космос

Spaceship                                                                        космический корабль

Shuttle                                                                             шатл

To create                                                                          создавать

To connect                                                                       связывать

To communicate                                                              общаться

Digital                                                                             цифровой

 

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст :

Scientists. Inventors and their inventions

There have been great changes in the life and surroundings of people during the last century. Less than a hundred years ago many of the things that we do now were thought to be impossible. Progress in science and technology gave us an excellent opportunity to use such achievements of present civilization as radio, television, computers, cell phones, etc.

For example, radio, invented in the 19th century by Popov, and television, invented by Rosing in the 20th century, do not only bring pleasure and entertainment to our homes, but also used to perform a number of other jobs: help planes land in bad weather, direct the work of dozens of people simultaneously or guide flights of rockets or shuttles in space.

Now almost all this work is controlled by means of computers. It was von Neimann who created first computer in the middle of the 20th century. Today even fourth man in the world has a personal computer at home. Internet connects millions of people on our planet giving perfect opportunities to communicate and work. Step by step digital electronics takes up stronger position in the offices and at home: automatic washing machines, cameras, monitoring systems, modern equipment on plants and factories.

People have found the way of applying the atomic energy for peaceful purposes. Ernest Rutherford discovered that atom could be split and set free a tremendous amount of energy which is now used at nuclear power stations, submarines, large sea-liners and, unfortunately, in powerful weapons which can cause death and destruction on large territories.

New scientific discoveries are being made in the field of medicine. Several serious illnesses from which about 50 years ago people usually died, can now be cured quite easily. It is true that new diseases still appear and cannot be cured, but thousands of scientists all over the world are working at finding means to do away with them. Cloning parts of human body for transplantation is the thing Chinese doctors are concerned with.

Задание 2.Переведите на английский язык:

1. Научно-технический прогресс сделал многое возможным.

2. Очень трудно создать программу для управления полетом космического корабля.

3. Луи Дагер изобрел фотоаппарат в 19 веке.

4. Сейчас компьютеры широко применяются даже в автомобилях.

5. Когда был выпущен первый самолет?

6. Для завершения исследования нужно провести несколько экспериментов.

7. С помощью радио и телевидения в середине 20 века ученые смогли сфотографировать и исследовать обратную сторону Луны.

8. Применение ядерной энергии сыграло важную роль в развитии науки и техники.

 

Вопросы к практическому занятию  

           1. Когда изобрели телевидение?

           2. Кто создал первый компьютер?

           3. Как используется атомная энергия?

Практическое занятие 18-19

ЗАЩИТА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Теоретическая часть

Данный лексический материал предназначен для того, чтобы студенты могли читать специальные тексты и подготовить монологическое высказывание по теме.

Environment                                 окружающая среда

Headline                                        заголовок

Earthquake                                     землетрясение

Flood                                             наводнение

Uninhabitable                                необитаемый

Overpopulation                              перенаселение

Consumption                                 потребление

Deforestation                                обезлесение

Ozone depletion                            истощение озонового слоя           

Greenhouse effect                         парниковый эффект

Industrial and nuclear waste         промышленные и ядерные отходы

To poison                                      отравлять

Disease                                          болезнь

Species                                          вид, род

To die out                                      вымирать      

To become extinct                         угасать, вымирать

Disastrous                                     чудовищный

Disaster                                         несчастье, беда

Consequence                                 последствие

The Mediterranean                        Средиземное море

Trend                                             тенденция

Acid rains                                      кислотные дожди

Global warming                            глобальное потепление           

On the brink of extinction             на грани исчезновения

To pollute                                      загрязнять

To destroy the ozone layer            разрушать озоновый слой

Задания

Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

The poisoning of the world’s land, air and water is the fastest spreading disease of civilization. It probably produces fewer headlines than wars, earthquakes and floods, but it is potentially one of the history’s greatest dangers to human life on the earth. If present trends continue for the next several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable.

Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and global warming that is believed to be caused by the greenhouse effect.

   The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead, the North Sea is following. The Aral Sea is on the brink of extinction. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas.

   Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies out for ever. If nothing is done about it, millions species which are alive today will have become extinct twenty years from now.

   Air pollution is a very serious problem. Industrial enterprises emit tons of harmful substances into the atmosphere every day. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains.

   People from different countries are beginning to realize that environmental problems are not somebody else’s. They join and support various international organizations and green parties. If governments wake up what is happening perhaps, we’ll be able to avoid the disaster that threatens the world and all of us with it.

Задание 2.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is the fastest-spreading disease of civilization?

2. What problems have overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption created?

3. What will happen to our planet if present trends continue?

4. What is happening to the seas and rivers?

5. Why is air pollution a serious problem?

6. What were the tragic consequences of the Chernobyl disaster?

7. What are the main reasons of the greenhouse effect and acid rains?

8. What do people do to save our planet?

 

Вопросы к практическому занятию  

1. Почему загрязнение воздуха является серьезной проблемой?

2. Каковы основные причины парникового эффекта?

3. Что делают люди чтобы спасти планету?

 

Практическое занятие 20-21

Дата: 2018-11-18, просмотров: 239.