Toyota is a very successful Japanese company. They make new model s of cars every year.

The company certainly faces a lot of difficulties. For example, Toyota is under pressure from the government and its trade union to reduce working hours. It must hire more people or keep investing in automation. It must hire more people or keep investing in automation. It wants to cut the working hours to 38 hours a week. That’s why the company must continually recruit and train new workers. And it must make assembly-line jobs simpler and easier without hurting productivity or quality.

All this calls for many innovations. For example, they introduced the new electronic system of communication among all factories and all parts necessary for production can be ordered in a moment. Noiseless electric carriers have replaced old conveyers. Now the workers can speak normally at the assembly line and they even play music in the workshop.

But the main innovation is, of course, the introduction of robots. Sometimes workers are hard to find, machines are everywhere. Video cameras help robots to carry car parts, to put them in right places and to make all necessary operations on them. No wonder all the jobs get done right and the quality of the cars is exceptional. There are only 10 defects per 100 Toyota cars, whereas there are 125 defects per 100 cars produced in other countries.

VARIANT 6

       I. Перепишите предложения, выпишите глагол-сказуемое, укажите его временную форму, лицо и число. Переведите предложение письменно.

1. I’ll be waiting for you in the library at nine o’clock.
2. When she came up to Sam, he had already finished drawing the rose.
3. He decided to buy a new watch when he got his first salary.

       II. Перепишите предложения, выпишите глагол-сказуемое, укажите залог и временную форму, напишите инфинитив сказуемого. Переведите предложения письменно.

1. The homework hadn’t been done by 9 o’clock yesterday.
2. The car will be parked near the hotel.
3. The guests were entertained by Alison.
4. The document is being signed.

       III. Перепишите предложения, переведите письменно, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

1. He said I might come to him any day I liked.
2. He is so rich that he doesn’t have to work.
3. Could you give me a consultation?

       IV. Выпишите из предложения инфинитив, причастие, герундий и укажите, чем они являются в предложении (подлежащее, составная часть сказуемого, определение, дополнение, обстоятельство). Переведите предложения письменно.

1. Reading is his favorite occupation.
2. He asked me to wait a little.
3. While crossing the bridge he saw a small village.

   V. Прочитайте, перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

UNEMPLOYMENT

The rate of unemployment refers to the percentage of people who want to work but cannot find job. Because there are always people between jobs, the unemployment rate is never zero.

Traditionally, unemployment hits some groups harder than others – minorities more than whites, females more than males, teenagers more than adults. Unemployment is also particularly hard on order workers who have spent their lives in heavy manufacturing, such as the automobile and steel industries. When American companies build new factories in developing countries, where workers are paid lower salaries and factories in the United States close because there is less demand for their products, many workers lose their jobs.

Unemployment also affects the government. When more people are out of work and not paying taxes, the government takes in less revenue. At the same time it pays out more in unemployment compensation.

In times of high unemployment, the government uses different policies to create new jobs. For example, during the 1930s Roosevelt administration hired millions of Americans to do public works projects, such as planting forests, stringing electric lines in rural areas, and constructing public buildings, bridges and dams. The government can also lower taxes and interest rates to encourage businesses to expand and hire more workers.

VARIANT 7

       I. Перепишите предложения, выпишите глагол-сказуемое, укажите его временную форму, лицо и число. Переведите предложение письменно.

1. When we came to the railway station, they were already waiting for us.
2. The car has just stopped because there isn’t any more petrol in the tank.
3. He says that he wants to join us.

       II. Перепишите предложения, выпишите глагол-сказуемое, укажите залог и временную форму, напишите инфинитив сказуемого. Переведите предложения письменно.

1. Two books of this author have been published this year.
2.  This room will be made comfortable for you.
3. Most of the Earth’s surface is covered by water.
4. Our papers were still being checked when we came two hours later.

       III. Перепишите предложения, переведите письменно, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

1. He may share my opinion.
2. You should visit your parents more often.
3. Students in Oxford must wear a uniform.

       IV. Выпишите из предложения инфинитив, причастие, герундий и укажите, чем они являются в предложении (подлежащее, составная часть сказуемого, определение, дополнение, обстоятельство). Переведите предложения письменно.

1. He gave up smoking two years ago.
2. To understand the importance of this event you should know all the facts.
3. He sat in the armchair reading a newspaper.

   V. Прочитайте, перепишите и письменно переведите текст.