In spoken English, 52 is ‘five to the power (of) two’, 56 is ‘five to the power (of) six or ‘five to the sixth power’, etc. An alternative way of saying 52, 72, etc. is ‘five squared, seven squared’, etc. An alternative way of saying 53, etc. is ‘five cubed’, etc. In spoken English 5–2 is ‘five to the power (of) minus two, 6–5 is six to the power (of) minus five or ‘six to the minus fifth power’, etc. The superscript above and to the right of the number is called the exponent. This arithmetical operation is called raising to a power or exponentiationor involution. The result of this operation is called the value of the power.
In spoken English, 
is ‘the square root of sixty-four’, and 
is ‘the cube root of eight’. All other roots are expressed using ordinal numbers, e.g. 
is ‘the fourth root of sixty-four’, and 
is the fifth root of one hundred and twenty-five. This operation is called extracting a root or evolution. The result of this operation is called the value of the root.
In pairs, look at the highlighted words and phrases. Try to guess what they mean from the context. Then check with your dictionary or teacher. Work out the list of the terms involved, make a kind of glossary.
2. Work in pairs. Ask each other to say numbers from the table below. For example:
A: What is the number in column 3, row A?
B: It’s nine to the power minus 17.
| A | 42 | 77 | 9-17 | 83 | 14-3 | √81 |
| B | 156 | 
| 263-4 | 
| 
| 501/2 |
Read out each of the numerical expression
| 7 ×42 | 35 +√81 |
| 9 +77 | 216 – 73 |
| 15 +83 | 80 × 156 |
| 122 : 61 | 9,214 : 2 |
| 933 – 33 | 11,750 + 32 |
Unit 4
WHAT’S YOUR UNIVERSITY LIKE?
Reading and Vocabulary
1. Match the definitions/explanations A (1–5) with the words in B (a–e):
| A | B | ||
| yearly return of the date of an event, celebration of this | a | staff | |
| person with authority to maintain discipline, head of the faculty | b | fortnight | |
| period of two weeks | c | alumni (sing. alumnus) | |
| students of university | d | anniversary | |
| a group of teachers working together under head | e | dean(s) |
Group A. Read the article and complete it with a word from the task 1 (column B)
DONETSK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
The National University of Donetsk celebrated its 45th 1______ as a university in 2010, although its full history dates back to the foundation of the Pedagogical Institute (teacher training college) in 1937. During 45 years it developed from a provincial college into one of Ukraine’s leading universities. In 1965 it had two faculties: the Faculty of History and the Faculty of Philology, today it has eleven. These are the Faculties of Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Philology, Foreign Languages, Economics, Economics and Law, Finance and Accounting, and International Faculty. The academic 2_____ of the university grew from 218 members in 1965 to 1,330 in 2011. When the university was founded there was only one doctor and 61 candidates of science on its staff, today there are 180 doctors and 628 candidates of science. The academic staff of the university includes one academician and two corresponding members of Ukraine’s National Academy of Sciences and 38 academicians and corresponding members of branch academies.
Today the university is home to nearly 20,000 students including about 350 foreign students studying on 42 degree courses. 10,486 students take full-time courses and 9,136 students – part-time or correspondence courses. The university also offers postgraduate courses in physics, biology, mathematics, etc.
The university is run by a rector and pro-rectors. Each faculty is headed by the dean and assistant 3_____.
Educational facilities of the university include numerous laboratories, a modern computer center, 61 computer classes and a library which is the largest among all Donetsk higher schools. The university has six halls of residence (dormitories) to accommodate its students, a sports and recreation center ‘Nauka’ by the Azov sea, the youth student club ‘Brigantina’.
The University has its own newspapers, the University News, which is printed every 4_____, and the Facts and Events, which comes out weekly.
Our university has a good reputation for academic excellence. It ranks 7th among 380 Ukrainian universities. It is also well known for the quality of its research. Its graduates are in demand all over Ukraine. The most famous 5_____ofthe universityare Vasyl Stus, a Ukrainian dissident poet, Victor Shatalov, a world-known teacher-innovator, Rinat Akhmetov, president of the football club Shakhtar.
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