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Practice:
Exercise 4.7. Read the given passages. Analyze the cases of onomatopoeia printed in bold type, try to describe the way different people walked and speak of the effect produced.
Example:
Thumpa-thumpa-thumpa. Gage’s small bare feet thundering along the hallway runner. /Stephen King Pet Sematary/
In the fragment we see a case of onomatopoeia “Thumpa-thumpa-thumpa.” The hyphenated graphical form shows that Gage ran rather than walked, and probably was putting his feet flat on the floor.
1. Dussander shuffled past him and into the living room, his slippers wish-wishing on the floor. /Stephen King Apt Pupil/ (from Different Seasons by S. King)
2. Laurel thought of the listless clup-clup sound of her high heels on the cement, and the lack of echo when Captain Engle cupped his hands around his mouth and called up the escalator for Mr. Toomy. /Stephen King The Langoliers/
3. Hilary parked her car in the garage and walked to the front door. Her heels made an unnaturally loud tock-tock-tock sound on the stone footsteps. /Dean Koontz Whispers/
4. ‘Okay!” The louder clack-clack of her feet. “here’s your snack, Gage. I got to go to school.” /Stephen King Pet Sematary/
Exercise 4.8. Read the given passages and pick out cases of direct and indirect onomatopoeia from the units in bolt type. Speak about the effect produced by it.
Example:
At the borderland of sleep she heard onrushing wings: wicka-wicka-wicka! /Dean Koontz The Vision/
In this fragment the author resorts to indirect onomatopoeia. The hyphenated unit “wicka-wicka-wicka” illustrates how fast the wings worked and the sound produced by them.
1. She paused a moment longer, listening for voices, for dogs, possibly for the irregular whup-whup-whup of helicopter blades. /Stephen King The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon/
2. Her rage overflowed and she charged the sheets, clawed at them, began pulling them down. Her fingers caught over the first line and it snapped like a guitar string. The sheets hung from it dropped ina sodden, meaty swoop. […] Wilma took a single large, froggy leap and landed on top of one. It made a weary floosh sound and billowed up, splatering gobbets of mud on her nylons. /Stephen King Needful Things/
3. Her foot went into a cold, vicious substance that was too thick to be water and too thin to be mud. […] She fell forward into long grass that hopped with bugs. She got a knee under her and yanked her foot back. It came with a loud sucking plop, but her sneaker stayed down there someplace. /Stephen King The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon/
4. Thump! Something had fallen over in another part of the house. /Dean Koontz The Eyes of Darkness/
5. He rang the doorbell again, thumbing it twice this time, so the sound from the belly of the house was BingBong! BingBong! /Stephen King Needful Things/
Exercise 4.9. Read the given passages and analyze cases of alliteration, rhyme and rhythm from the units in bolt type. Speak about the produced effect and make the rhyme schemes:
1. I go to concert, party, ball –
What profit is in these?
I sit alone against the wall
And strive to look at ease.
The incense that is mine by right
They burn before Her shrine;
And that’s because I’m seventeen
And she is forty-nine.
/from My Rival by R. Kipling/
2. For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams
Of the beautiful AnnabelLee;
And the stars never rise but I see the bright eyes
Of the beautiful AnnabelLee;
And so all the night-tide, I lie down by the side
Of my darling, my darling, my life and my bride
In her sepulchre there by the sea –
In her tomb by the side of the sea.
/from Annabel Lee by E.A. Poe/
3. Nowhere can a secret keep
always secret, dark and deep,
half so well as in the past,
buried deep to last, to last.
Keep it in your own dark heart,
otherwise the rumors start.
After many years have buried
secrets over which you worried,
no confidant can then betray
all the words you didn’t say.
Only you can then exhume
secrets safe within the tomb
of memory, of memory
within the tomb of memory.
/Dean Koontz Cold Fire/
Checking Your Progress:
Exercise 4.10. Read the given passages and pick out cases of onomatopoeia (state their kinds), alliteration, rhyme and rhythm. Speak about the effect produced by onomatopoeia. Analyse the rhyme and rhythm patterns, make the rhyme scheme:
1. Ahead of her, on the hummock which was her next stop, three frogs jumped out of the grass and into the water, plip-plip-plop. /Stephen King The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon/
2. In the next yard the haverhills’ mutt began to bellow hysterically in its high, unpleasant voice – yark!yark!yark! – and this did nothing to improve Wilma’s state of mind. /Stephen King Needful Things/
3. Pity not! The Army gave
Freedom to a timid slave:
In which Freedom did he find
Strength of body, will, and mind:
By which strength he came to prove
Mirth, Companionship, and Love:
For which Love to Death he went:
In which Death he lies content.
/Redyard Kipling Ex-clerk/
4. They didn’t talk much during the remainder of the journey. At long last, the train stopped at Hogsmeade station, and there was a great scramble to get out; owls hooted, cats miaowed, and Neville’s pet toad croaked loudly from under his hat. /J. Rowling Harry Potter & The Prisoner of Azkaban/
5. The lock turned out to be easy, and as Frank climbed the stairs to the first floor again, he burst into an unseasonal but nonetheless cheery song:
Oh … you better not fight, you better not cry,
You better not pout, I’m telling you why,
Santa Claus is coming to town!
He sees you when you’re sleeping!
He knows when you’re awake!
He knows if you’ve been bad or good,
So you better be good for goodness’ sake!
/Stephen King Needful Things/
Figures of Speech
Practice:
Exercise 4.11. Read the given passages with the units in bolt type. Pick out cases of stylistic inversion, detached constructions (insertion), segmentation, chiasmus, parallel constructions, repetition (anaphora, epiphora, anadiplosis, chain-repetition), antithesis, suspense, gradation, anticlimax, asyndeton, polysyndeton, ellipsis, represented speech, inner speech, litotes. Speak on the effect produced:
Example:
The earth is a living thing. It could talk to us if we were worth talking to. /Dean Koontz Cold Fire/
In the fragment the author resorts to chiasmus “It could talk to us if we were worth talking to” to bring home the idea that people could understand different processes and phenomena of the universe if they were sensitive and considerate enough.
1. Harry shivered. He wasn’t sure he liked Mr. Ollivander too much. /J.K. Rowling Harry Potter & the Philosopher’s Stone/
2. You fall in love with the Bureau, but the Bureau doesn’t fall in love with you. /Thomas Harris Hannibal/
3. The switchboard told him Mrs. Lorna Brick had telephoned twice, and would he please return the call. /Jackie Collins Sinners/
4. He was shaking with need, trembling, quivering, quaking. /Dean Koontz Whispers/
5. Harry had almost forgotten that the exam results were still to come, but come they did. /J.K. Rowling Harry Potter & the Philosopher’s Stone/
6. A white Honda bumped the bike. Brakes squealed, traffic halted, and people rushed toward the injured man. /Dean Koontz The Key to Midnight/
7. A moment later the desserts appeared. Blocks of ice in every flavor you could think of, apple pies, treacle tarts, chocolate éclairs, and jam doughnuts, trifle, strawberries, Jell-O, rice pudding… /J.K. Rowling Harry Potter & the Philosopher’s Stone/
8. They were, in fact, leading indicators of the approach of a condition that Sully had come to think of as a stupid streak, where everything he did would turn out wrong, where each wrong turn would be compound by the next, where even smart moves would prove dumb in the particular circumstance, where thoughtlessness and careful consideration were guaranteed to arrive at the same end – disaster. /Richard Russo Nobody’s Fool/
9. She turned towards them, using them as an excuse to avoid Alex’s eyes for the few seconds required to regain her composure, but what she saw made her gasp.
A man with no right hand.
Twenty feet away.
Walking towards her.
A. Man. With. No. Right. Hand. /Dean Koontz The Key To Midnight/
10. Quilla Anderson (she had taken back her maiden name and you could bet Pete hated that, too) had the courage of her convictions. /Stephen King The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon/
11. Bless them, they’ll go to any lengths to ignore magic, even if it’s staring them in the face. /J. Rowling Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets/
12. While he waited for the telephone, he dozed a moment, the shadow of the eel crawling over his sheet and his face and his coiled hair. /Thomas Harris Hannibal/
13. To avoid a trial, they had to settle. To settle, they had to find a weakness. /John Grisham The Testament/
14. She tried to reason with herself, hoping to make her way back to stability with simple steps of logic. The mirror couldn’t harm her. It was not a presence. Just a thing. An inanimate object. Mere glass, for God’s sake. /Dean Koontz False Memory/
15. He was long dead. Lost in a mysterious plane crash in World War II. His body had never been found. Sometimes people vanish. The world goes on. /Dean Koontz The Key To Midnight/
16. She liked her work, and recently she’d signed a contract to create an entirely new game based on J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings trilogy, which might produce enough royalties to impress Scrooge McDuck. Nevertheless, her mother dismissively described her work as ‘carnival stuff,’ apparently because Sabrina associated video games with arcades, arcades with amusement parks, and amusement parks with carnivals. /Dean Koontz False Memory/
17. But Gina remembered the missed birthdays of her childhood, a father who was always preoccupied with his more recent, more exciting attachments, the promised holidays that never happened, and her mother going to bed alone, growing old alone, getting sick alone, crying alone and finally dying alone. /Tony Parsons Man and Boy/
Checking Your Progress
Exercise 4.12. Read the given passages and pick out cases of detached constructions (insertion), segmentation, chiasmus, parallel constructions, repetition (state its type), inversion, antithesis, suspense, gradation, anticlimax, asyndeton, polysyndeton, ellipsis, represented speech, inner speech, litotes. Speak on the effect produced:
Example:
This was the worst he had ever felt. If only there was something they could do. Anything. /J.K. Rowling Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secrets/
In the fragment J.K. Rowling uses segmentation “Anything” to show how desperate and helpless the characters felt.
1. Mr. Dursley blinked and stared at the cat. It stared back. /J.K. Rowling Harry Potter & the Philosopher’s Stone/
2. If he hadn’t been so rude, Jack wouldn’t have been jealous. And if Jack hadn’t been jealous, he wouldn’t have been with Sally. /Josie Lloyd & Emlyn Rees Come Together/
3. The coffee was rich but not bitter. The biscotto was excellent; she would have to ask Jennifer to buy them. Funny, how one good cookie could calm the mind and even elevate a troubled soul.
After a while, she was able to concentrate on the book. The writing was good. The plot was entertaining. The characters were colourful. She enjoyed it. /Dean Koontz False Memory/
4. There were a hundred and forty-two staircases at Hogwarts: wide, sweeping ones; narrow, rickety ones; some that led somewhere different on A Friday; some with a vanishing step halfway up that you had to remember to jump. /J.K. Rowling Harry Potter & the Philosopher’s Stone/
5. Quilla frowned. Well let her frown, Trisha thought, let her frown all she wants. I’m with her, and I don’t complain about it like old grouchy there, but he’s still my Dad and I still love him./Stephen King The Girl Who loved tom Gordon/
6. But Hermione had a steely glint in her eye not unlike the one Professor McGonagall sometimes had. /J.K. Rowling Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secrets/
7. Gunfire from her right and the runner pitched forward, sliding on his face, and tried to crawl under a car. Helicopter blades blatting above her. Someone yelling in the fish market, “Stay down. Stay down.” People under the counters and water at the abandoned cleaning table showering into the air. Staring advancing on the Cadillac. Movement in the back of the car. Movement in the Cadillac. The car rocking. The baby screaming in there. Gunfire and the back window shattered and fell in. /Thomas Harris Hannibal/
8. Her eyes had that catlike quality of harmoniously blended opposites: sleepiness combined with total awareness, watchfulness mixed with cool indifference, and a proud isolation that coexisted with a longing for affection. /Dean Koontz The Key to Midnight/
9. While he drove, Uncle Vernon complained to aunt Petunia. He liked to complain about things: people at work, Harry, the council, Harry, the bank, and Harry were just a few of his favourite subjects. /J.K. Rowling Harry Potter & the Philosopher’s Stone/
10. Helen Mainway chattered excitedly about the spectacular special effects, and Elliot Stryker had an endless supply of compliments as well as some astute observations about the technical aspects of the production, and Charlie Mainway poured a third bottle of Dom Pérignon, and the house lights came up, and the audience reluctantly began to leave, and Tina hardly had a chance to sip her champagne because of all the people who stopped by the table to congratulate her. /Dean Koontz The Eyes of Darkness/
11. She decided on the egg. She shelled it, careful to put the pieces of shell back in the Baggie the egg had come in (it never occurred to her, then or later, that littering – any sign that she’d been there – might actually save her life), and sprinkled it with the little twist of salt. /Stephen King The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon/
12. Jennifer kept telephoning prospective employers, going from despair to indignation to frustration and back to despair. /Sidney Sheldon Rage of Angles/
13. Today I’m back to being Amy Crosbie. No more blubbing, soppy heroine. No more ball-breaking feminist. No more mental tormentor.
Just me.
Calm.
Tranquil.
Sussed.
/Josie Lloyd & Emlyn Rees Come Together/
14. She had to admit that he sparked the same feeling in her that she apparently enflamed in him. /Dean Koontz The Eyes of Darkness/
15. The girl was magnificent. She had the most incredible long legs, her hair was loosened, her body was sugary… And she had a special kind of walk. Uh… very, very ugly. /Jackie Collins Sinners/
16. She had met his cool demeanor with heat, had answered his effective silences with an ever-greater cascade of words. /Dean Koontz Cold Fire/
17. The tears of pleasure and misery those romanticisms would bring me. /James Herbert Others/
REVISION
Exercise 4.13. Analyse the SDs and EMs used in the given passages and say what role they play in the context. Give as many details as possible to disclose the situations described in the passages. While working, use the list of helping phrases below:
Helping Phrases
· The key idea that runs through the text/story/selection/extract/etc. is that…
· The idea is embodied in the character/image of …
· To carry the idea to the mind of the reader the author resorts to…
· The author’s idea/aim/purpose/etc. is to convince the reader that…
· For this purpose the author has selected those stylistic devices and expressive means of the language which serve best to achieve the aim set, namely…
· The writer doesn’t impose on the reader his attitude towards…
· There’s no direct implication of the fact that…
· To be implicit by nature (the main idea/the author’s attitude…)
· To assume a pronounced stylistic significance…
· This SD is used as an emotional intensifier of…
· The arrangement of the section in the extract is by no means accidental, it’s informative as it gives additional information about…
· The author adheres to this SD because…
· The repetition of … creates a dramatic ring in the narration/contributes to the romantic flavour of the passage
· The repetition of … makes the members of the construction/ paragraph more conspicuous because of the stressed position they occupy
· To portray smb/ to draw smb’s portrait in full accord with smb’s moral properties/ etc. the author deviated from the narrative perspective
· The author is detached in his attitude towards…/he is deeply personally involved in the discussion of…
· The atmosphere of tension/anguish/etc. is created and maintained by the author thanks to the usage of…
· The descriptive details that contribute to the realism of the fragment are the following…
1. But I can tell you he is furious about what happened with this MicroCon thing. He’s taking a lot of heat from Akai Tokyo. And it’s very unfair. He really was sandbagged by Washington. He got assurances there would be no objection to the sale, and then Morton pulled the rug out from under them. /Michael Crichton Rising Sun/
2. Skeet’s eyes appeared to be not just swollen and bloodshot but sore, as if he’d seen too many painful things. But in the ice-pale, sunken wreckage of his gaunt face, his smile was warm. ‘You’re not just a half brother. You’re a brother and a half.” /Dean Koontz False Memory/
3. Martie pulled away from the curb, drove to the end of the short street, and turned left on to Balboa Boulevard. “Hold tight. You’ll be in the doctor’s office soon.”
“Not if we’re in an accident,” Susan fretted.
“I’m a good driver.”
“The car might break down.”
“The car’s fine.”
“It’s raining hard. If the streets flood –“
“Or maybe we’ll be abducted by big slimy Martians,” Martie said. “Be taken up to the mother ship, forced to breed with hideous squid like creatures.”
“The streets do flood here on the peninsula,” Susan said defensively.
“This time of year, Big Foot hides out around the pier, bites the heads off the unwary. We better hope we don’t have a breakdown in that area.”
/Dean Koontz False Memory/
4. Jason was awakened rudely the next morning by a rapping on the door that made his headache even worse. It was only when he started groggily toward it that he noticed he was still in last night’s clothing. Anyway, his soul felt wrinkled. So they matched. /Eric Segal The Class/
5. Amber the stripper made a grand entrance in a short skirt and low-cut blouse that gave away most of her expensive breasts. The deputy escorting her down the aisle couldn’t believe his good fortune. He chatted her up along the way, eyes glued to the edge of her blouse. /John Grisham The Testament/
6. From off the cold Pacific, waves of black clouds washed across the sky, as though the tide of night were turning and would drown this bleak new day. /Dean Koontz False Memory/
7. In the health-obsessed final decade of the century, eating fatty foods was widely regarded as a far more delicious – and more damning – sin than envy, sloth, thievery, and adultery. /Dean Koontz The Eyes of Darkness/
8. Earlier, in the street, deep breathing had cleared her head, flushing away the fear. This time, however, each inhalation seemed to fuel her terror, as oxygen feeds a fire. /Dean Koontz False Memory/
9. Sitting by the window twenty rows back, he ignored the memo on Indians in his lap, and admired the countryside below. It was vast and lush and green, rolling with hills, dotted with cattle farms and criss-crossed with red dirt roads. /John Grisham The Testament/
10. When the sky was clear again, they returned to the stump and huddled around the phone. Watching Jevy’s end of the conversation was torture for Nate. He understood not a word, but the body language told the story. Smiles and frowns, urgings and pleas, frustrating pauses, then the repetition of things already said.
When Jevy finished, he said to Nate, “He will call his command. He wants me to call back in an hour.”
An hour seemed like a week. The sun returned and baked the wet grass. The humidity was thick. /John Grisham The Testament/
11. Relief – warm, sweeping, glorious relief – swept over Harry. /J. Rowling Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secrets/.
12. Foster Newton’s pie-round face, plum of a chin, full mouth, cherry-red nose with cherry-round tip, and flushed cheeks ought to have made him look like a debauched hedonist; however, he was saved from caricature by clear gray eyes, which magnified by his thick eyeglasses, were full of sorrow. This was not a conditional sorrow, related to Skeet’s suicidal impulse, but a perpetual sorrow with which Fig appeared to regard everyone and everything. /Dean Koontz False Memory/
13. Martie’s own career didn’t fulfill the expectations her mother had foe her. After earning a bachelor’s degree – majoring in business, minoring in marketing – followed by an MBA, she had detoured from the road that might have taken her to high-corporate-executive glory. Instead, she became a freelance video-game designer. /Dean Koontz False Memory/
14. And, typically, the press was out of control. They wanted cameras inside, and he had vehemently refused. They wanted cameras in the hallway peering in through the small square window in the doors, and he said no. They wanted preferred seating; again, no. They wanted interviews with him, and he was stiff-arming them at the moment. /John Grisham The Testament/
15. She was seventy, still in excellent health, a short sturdy woman with the sweet face of a Botticelli Madonna and the no-nonsense walk of an army sergeant. /Dean Koontz The Eyes of Darkness/
16. Two of Lillian’s lawyers stood at the same time, and appeared to be joined at the hip. Both wore black suits, and had the pale faces of estate lawyers who rarely saw the sun. One would start a sentence and the other would finish it. One would ask a rhetorical question, the other had the answer. One mentioned a file, the other pulled it from a briefcase. The tag team was efficient, to the point, and repeated in succinct fashion what had already been said. /John Grisham The Testament/
17. At six minutes past midnight, Tuesday morning, on the way home from a late rehearsal of her new stage show, Tina Evans saw her son, Danny, in a stranger’s car. But Danny had been dead more than a year. /Dean Koontz The Eyes of Darkness/
18. “Nine years ago you received five million dollars, didn’t you?”
“I did.”
“How much of it is left?”
She struggled with the answer for a long time. The answer was not so simple. Cody had made a lot of money. They had invested some, spent a lot, it was all co-mingled, so you couldn’t just look at their balance sheet and say there was X amount left from the five million. Nate gave her the rope, and she slowly hung herself. /John Grisham The Testament/
19. The girl was there for two reasons. She would prevent harsh words and maybe a fight. Nate suspected his son was broke, that he wanted to lash out at his father for his lack of support, but that he was afraid to do so because the old man was fragile and had been prone to crack and go off the deep end. Stef would throttle his anger and his language. The second reason was to make the meeting as brief as possible. /John Grisham The Testament/
20. Herbert was a thin man, with brown hair, sharp features, and a bottle of a nose. He wasn’t good-looking. He wasn’t ugly. He was just perfectly ordinary-looking. His eyes were mean and cruel and shifty and grabbing. /Jackie Collins Sinners/
Дата: 2019-07-30, просмотров: 411.