Interesting communicative tasks increase motivation
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Teachers need to give students tasks which develop the skills necessary to communicate in the new language. These tasks should be similar to things that native speakersw do with the language. Some examples: a) listening to public announcments (at an airport)

b) drawing a picture from spoken instructions;

c) describing what a person looks like

d) conducting interviews or questionaries

e) reading brochures, menus,or schedules

f) following written instructions;

g) writing a note to a classmate


Used literature:

 

1. Burt, M,K, and H. C. Dulay (eds.) (1975). New Directions in Second Language Learning, Teaching and Bilingual Education. Washington: TESOL.

2. Chamberlin, A. And A. Wright (1974). What Do You Think? London: Longman

3. Cole,P. (1970). “An adaption of group dynamic techniques to foreign language teaching.”TESOL Quaterly Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 353 – 360

4. Dobson, J.M. (1974). Effective Techniques for English Conversation Groups. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.

5. Dubin, F and M. Margol (1977). It’s Time To Talk: Communication activities for learning English as a new language. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice – Hall.

6. Green K. (1975). “Values clarification theory in ESL and bilingual education.” TESOL Quaterly Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 155 – 164.

7. Herbert, D. and G. Sturtridge (1979). Simulations. ELT Guide 2. London: The British Council.

8. Heyworth, F. (1978). The Language of Discussion. Role-play exercises for advanced students. London: Hodder & Stoughton.

9. Johnson, K. and K. Morrow (eds.) (1981). Communication in the Classroom. London: Longman.

10. Jones, K. (1982). Simulations in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press.

11. Littlewood, W. (1981). Communicative Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press.

12. Omaggio, A. (1976). “Real communication: Speaking a living language.” Foreign Language Annals Vol.9. No. 2, pp. 131 – 133.

13. Revell, J. (1979). Teacing Techniques for Communicative English. London: Macmillan.

14. Rogers, J. (1978). Group Activities for Language Learning. SEAMEO Regional Language Centre Occasional Papers, No. 4. Singapore: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre (MS)

15. Scarcella, R.C. (1978). “Socio-drama for social interaction.” TESOL Quarterly Vol.12 No. 1, pp. 41 – 46

16. Thomas, I. (1978). Communication Activities for Language Learning. Wellington: Victoria University, English Language Institute (MS).

17. Wright, A. D. Betteridge and M. Buckby (1979). Games for Language Learning. Cambridge University Press (2nd ed. 1984).

18. Zelson, N.J. (1974). “Skill using activities in the foreign language classroom.” Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 33 - 35


[1] Black C, and W. Butzkumm (1977) Praxis des neusprachlichen Unterrichts Vol. 24, #2, pp. 115-124

[2] Cole, P. (1970) “An adaption of group dynamic techniques to foreign language teaching” TESOL. Quality. Vol. 4. # 4, pp. 353 - 360

[3] Hutchinson, I., and A. Waters. 1987. English for specific purposes: a learning – centered approach. Hasgow^ Cambrige University Press

[4] Gagne . R. and L.J. Briggs.1988 Principles of Instructional design New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

[5] Dillingham, A.ME., N.T. Skaggs, and J.L. Carlson. 1992. Economics: Individual choice and its consequences. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

[6] Hamilton, R., and E. Ghatala. 1994. Learning and instruction. New York: Mc. Graw - Hill

[7] Oller, J.W. 1993. Methods that work. Boston, M.A: Heinle and Heinle

[8] Davis, E. , and H. Nur. 1994 Helping teachers and students understand learning styles. English Teaching Forum, 32, 3, pp. 12-19

[9] Brown G. and G Yule. 1983. Teaching the Spoken Language. Cambridge University press.

[10] Bereen, M. 1984 Processes in syllabus design, General English Sillabus Design. Oxford: Pergamon Press

[11] Littlewood W. 1981 communicative Language Teaching – an Introduction cambridge University Press

[12] http://www.htt.com/gamesin teaching

[13] Dubin, F and M. Margol (1977). It’s Time To Talk: Communication activities for learning English as a new language. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice – Hall.

[14] Aronson, E, N. Blaney, J. Sikes, G. Stephan and M. Snapp (1975) “The jigasw route to learning and liking” Pschology today Vol. 8 pp. 43 – 50

[15] Moskowitz, Y (1978) Caring and Sharing in the Foreign Language Class. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.

[16] http:/www.htp.com/gamesinteaching

[17] Howe, L. W. and M.M Howe (1975) Personilizing Education. New York: Hart

[18] Simon S.B., L.W. Howe, and H. Krichenbaum (1972) Values Clarification. New York : Hart.

[19] Scarcella, R.C. (1978). “Socio-drama for social interaction.” TESOL Quarterly Vol.12 No. 1, pp. 41 – 46

[20] http://www.htt.com/poetry/in/teachingenglish

[21] http://www.htt.com/fun/tasks/in/taching

[22] http://www.htt.com/gamesinteaching

[23] Brinton D., M. Show and M. Welshe. 1989. Content based second language instruction. New York: Heinle and Heinle.

[24] Singer, M. (1990) Psychology of Language: An Introduction to Sentence and Discourse Processing. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum.

[25] Anderson, J. 1990 Cognitive psychology and its mplications. New York: W. H. Freeman

[26] Alexander,P., J. Kulikowich and T. Jetton (1994) The role of subject – matter knowledge and interest in the processing of linear and non linear texts. Review of educational Research, 64, 2, pp. 201-252

[27] Bereiter, C. and M. Scardamalia (1993) Surpassing purselves. Chicago. Open Court Press.

[28] Grabe, W. and F. Stoller 1997. Content-based instruction . New York: Addison Wesley London

[29] Henry. J. 1994 Teaching thruogh projects. London. Kogan Page Limited.

[30] Fried – Booth , D. 1982. Project work with advanced classes. ELT journal, 36, 2, pp. 98 - 103

[31] Mach, T. , F. Stoller, and C Tardy. 1997 A gambit – driven debate. In New Ways in Content-based Instruction pp. 64-68. Alexandra, VA.: TESOL.



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