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Task 1
Read the text “Stephen Lawrence: Mother says Met should be ‘honest’ about investigation” (Part 1)
(1) Doreen Lawrence told the Daily Mail she believed detectives had run out of lines of inquiry but were worried about her reaction if they close the case. Two people have been convicted over Mr Lawrence’s killing in Eltham, south-east London, on 22 April 1993. A Met spokesman said “the investigation remains live”. In 2012, Gary Dobson and David Norris were found guilty of murder and jailed for life.
(2) However, police believe Mr Lawrence was stabbed to death by a group of up to six white men in an unprovoked racist attack as the 18-year-old waited at a bus stop with a friend. Baroness Lawrence said: “They should be honest – say they’ve come to an end and stop.” “I think they’re carrying on pretending everything’s fine because they don’t want to hear what I’ll say if it is stopped,” she said. Six years on from the Dobson and Norris’ convictions, Baroness Lawrence said she was aware of the cost to the taxpayer of continuing the investigation. “I’ve been on the go for 25 years. I haven’t stopped. I don’t think I’ve even completely grieved for Stephen”, she told the newspaper.
(3) Mayor of London Sadiq Khan described Baroness Lawrence as a “crusader” whose work had led to laws being changed and two men responsible for her son’s death being put behind bars. Speaking about her comments he said it was an “operational matter for the police” but expected detectives to “speak to Doreen and the family before taking any steps going forward.” A Scotland Yard spokesman said the investigation into the murder “remains in an active phase” and the force “continues to hold regular meetings to update the family.”
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-43680829
Part 2
Stephen Lawrence murder investigation ‘unlikely to progress’
(4) Mr Lawrence, 18, was killed in a racially-motivated attack in Eltham, south-east London on 22 April 1993. The Met said despite rigorous efforts, its inquiry was “unlikely to progress.” Two men were jailed for his murder in 2012 and Mr Lawrence’s mother previously called for the police to “be honest” about any further convictions. Doreen Lawrence told the Daily Mail she believed detectives had run out of lines of inquiry but were worried about her reaction if they closed the case. “Despite previous public appeals, rigorous pursuit of all remaining lines of enquiry, numerous reviews and every possible advance in forensic techniques, the Met investigation team is now at a stage where without new information the investigation is unlikely to progress further”, the Met said. “This was explained to the family earlier this year.”
(5) In 2012, Gary Dobson and David Norris were found guilty of Mr Lawrence’s murder and jailed for life. Stephen’s father Neville Lawrence told BBC News he would accept the inquiry being scaled back but believed it should not be completely closed. “Something should be left in case of something coming in so they can reopen it if that’s the case,” he said. Dr Lawrence added that he remained hopeful that, with the publicity around the 25th anniversary of his son’s death and a BBC documentary to be shown over three nights next week, someone would come forward. “The threat of anything happening to them now isn’t as great as it was in the early days… It would be nice if we could have absolutely full justice.” Senior investigator Chris Le Pere said: “With the approaching anniversary and airing of the documentary… there is still the opportunity for someone who knows what happened that night, to have a conscience and come forward. “I would say to you, it is never too late to do the right thing.”
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-43730949
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | line of inquiry | следственная версия, направление расследования |
| for life | пожизненно | |
| (2) | unprovoked | ничем не спровоцированный, без причины |
| conviction | осуждение, признание виновным | |
| taxpayer | налогоплательщик | |
| (3) | put behind bars | заключать в тюрьму, сажать за решетку |
| spokesman | представитель, пресс-секретарь | |
| (4) | rigorous | энергичный, тщательный |
| pursuit | осуществление, исполнение | |
| forensic | криминалистический, судебный | |
| (5) | scale back | уменьшать, урезать |
| reopen | возобновлять, вновь открывать |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. по ее мнению, у детективов закончились следственные версии (the Past Perfect) |
| 2. Два человека были осуждены за убийство (the Present Perfect Passive) | |
| (2) | 3. ничем не спровоцированном расистском нападении |
| 4. они продолжают делать вид, что все в порядке (the Gerund) | |
| 5. сказала, что ей известно о том, что стоит налогоплательщикам продолжение расследования (“to be aware of”) | |
| (3) | 6. чья деятельность привела к изменению законов (the Attributive Clause; the conjunction “whose”) |
| 7. но ожидал, что детективы «поговорят с Дорин …» | |
| (4) | 8. Несмотря на энергичные усилия (the preposition “despite”) |
| 9. когда без новой информации расследование вряд ли продвинется дальше (the preposition “without”; the Nominative with the Infinitive) | |
| (5) | 10. уменьшение объема следственных действий |
| 11. Было бы хорошо, если бы справедливость непременно восторжествовала (“would”; conditional sentence) | |
| 12. все еще есть возможность для того, кто знает … (“there is”) |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. Who have been convicted over Mr Lawrence’s killing? |
| (2) | 2. Why are police carrying on pretending everything’s fine? |
| 3. How long has Doreen Lawrence been on the go? | |
| (3) | 4. How did Mayor of London describe Baroness Lawrence? |
| 5. What did a Scotland Yard spokesman say about the investigation? | |
| (4) | 6. Where and when was Mr Lawrence killed? |
| 7. Can the investigation progress further? | |
| (5) | 8. Why did Dr Lawrence remain hopeful that someone would come forward? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. had run out … lines … inquiry |
| 2. Two people have been convicted … Mr Lawrence’s killing | |
| 3. were found guilty … murder and jailed … life | |
| (2) | 4. … an unprovoked racist attack |
| 5. Six years … … the Dobson and Norris’ convictions | |
| (3) | 6. Doreen and the family … taking any steps |
| 7. said the investigation … the murder “remains … active phase” | |
| (4) | 8. to “be honest” … any further convictions |
| 9. every possible advance … forensic techniques | |
| 10. is now … a stage where … new information | |
| (5) | 11. the publicity … the 25th anniversary |
| 12. there is still the opportunity … someone |
UNIT 11
Racism
Task 1
Read the text “Urgent Care Staff Made Racist Comments, Demoted Worker Who Complained: Suit”
(1) DONGAN HILLS — Staff at an urgent care center made racist comments — saying that “black people should be happy white people freed them” — and passed over a more qualified worker for a promotion because of her race, a lawsuit claims. The suit filed by Lyanne Reed last week in Brooklyn federal court claims staff at GoHealth Urgent Care, at 1700 Hylan Blvd., openly made racist comments, said they were more afraid of black patients than white ones, and called Reed “aggressive and negative” when she asked for raises or promotions. Reed, who is Hispanic and black, complained to supervisors about the comments of her co-workers, and was eventually demoted and placed on probation for nearly two months, her lawyer said.
(2) “A lot of time, with explicit racial biases, it’s easy to call it what it is,” said the attorney, Keith White. “But when it’s implicit bias, when it’s a series of actions that can’t necessarily be caught, then it’s important for us to identify in lawsuits to create precedent.” Reed, 26, started working at GoHealth in 2015 and got promoted to clinic lead in January of this year. However, her former boss moved to a different office soon after and was replaced by another staffer. The suit claims that employee, Angelica Shapiro, “emboldened biased attitudes towards minorities” while working as a supervisor and that workers regularly made racist comments in the office without punishment.
(3) In one instance, coworker Erica Orientale, who also works as a clinic lead, commented that she wanted “to adopt a black baby to show people [that] if they are raised right they can be different,” according to White and the lawsuit. In another incident, while questioning a protest that wasn’t specified in the complaint, Orientale said that “[b]lack people should be happy that white people freed them,” the suit says. Orientale also questioned why her Jamaican neighbors were upset over another matter not specified in the suit, stating, “Caribbean people weren’t even slaves,” the complaint charges. Furthermore, a different employee said she were afraid of two black patients who were retired law enforcement members because “that guy has a gun,” but she never said the same about white officers or even white drug addicts, the suit claims. When Reed told Shapiro about the comments and said staff should stop being biased against some patients, Shapiro and her coworkers started a “false narrative” stating that Reed was “aggressive, negative, territorial and made her co-workers uncomfortable,” the lawsuit says. When Reed requested a raise during her annual review in April with Susan Finnelly — who is listed on her LinkedIn profile as the center’s director of operations — Finnelly became contentious and called Reed “negative, angry and hostile,” according to the suit.
(4) However, when a coworker Reed accused of making racist remarks asked for a raise, she was approved for one. In July, Reed was up for a promotion that required college-level course work she had completed, but she was passed up for a white worker who only had a high school diploma, the suit says. The next month, Reed was instead demoted from her post and placed on probation, a status that remains in effect as an act of retaliation for her speaking up, the suit claims. White filed the suit against Shapiro, Finnelly, Orientale and GoHealth for racial discrimination, a hostile and abusive work environment, retaliation and violation of civil rights laws. Northwell Health, which runs GoHealth, declined to comment. Shapiro did not respond to a request for comment, while Finnelly and Orientale could not be reached.
https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20171031/dongan-hills/gohealth-urgent-care-racist-comments-lawsuit/
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | urgent | срочный, неотложный |
| pass over | обходить, оставлять без внимания | |
| promotion | повышение в должности, продвижение по службе | |
| file | возбуждать, подавать | |
| raise | прибавка, повышение зарплаты | |
| co-worker | коллега, сотрудник | |
| demote | понижать в должности | |
| (2) | bias | предубеждение, предвзятость |
| implicit | неявный, скрытый | |
| precedent | судебный прецедент (решение суда, служащее образцом при решении аналогичных дел в системе англосаксонского права) | |
| embolden | поощрять | |
| (3) | instance | случай, пример |
| drug addict | наркозависимый, наркоман | |
| narrative | высказывание, изложение фактов | |
| contentious | вздорный, придирчивый | |
| hostile | недружелюбный, враждебный | |
| (4) | remark | замечание, комментарий |
| retaliation | возмездие, расплата | |
| abusive | неправомерный, негуманный | |
| decline | отказываться, уклоняться |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. и оставили без повышения более квалифицированного работника из-за ее расовой принадлежности (the phrasal verb; the preposition “because of”) |
| 2. В иске, поданном … (Participle II) | |
| 3. была в конечном счете понижена в должности (the adverb “eventually”) | |
| (2) | 4. для нас важно указать на это в исках (the For-to-Infinitive construction) |
| 5. предвзятый подход по отношению к меньшинствам (the preposition “towards”) | |
| 6. без наказания | |
| (3) | 7. Кроме того, другая сотрудница сказала, что … (the adverb “furthermore”) |
| 8. сотрудниками правоохранительных органов (the attributive word chain) | |
| 9. сотрудники должны перестать быть предвзятыми (“should”; the Passive Gerund) | |
| 10. попросила о повышении зарплаты | |
| (4) | 11. акт возмездия за ее высказывания (the preposition “for”) |
| 12. нарушения законов о гражданских правах |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. Where did Lyanne Reed file her suit? |
| 2. What happened to Lyanne Reed after her complaint to supervisors? | |
| (2) | 3. Why is it important for Keith White to create precedent? |
| 4. When did Lyanne Reed start working at GoHealth Urgent Care? | |
| (3) | 5. Why did Erica Orientale want to adopt a black baby? |
| 6. Did the staff make any abusive comments about white patients? | |
| (4) | 7. Who was promoted instead of Lyanne Reed? |
| 8. What were the causes of action in the suit filed by Lyanne Reed and her attorney? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. passed over a more qualified worker … a promotion |
| 2. The suit filed … Lyanne Reed | |
| 3. placed … probation … nearly two months | |
| (2) | 4. … explicit racial biases |
| 5. biased attitudes … minorities | |
| 6. made racist comments … the office … punishment | |
| (3) | 7. a protest that wasn’t specified … the complaint |
| 8. being biased … some patients | |
| 9. When Reed requested a raise … her annual review | |
| 10. is listed … her LinkedIn profile | |
| (4) | 11. was instead demoted … her post |
| 12. a status that remains … effect as an act … retaliation |
UNIT 12
Discrimination
Task 1
Read the text “48,000 Students With Disabilities Not Getting Help They Need, DOE Admits”
(1) MANHATTAN — The Department of Education admitted Wednesday that more than 48,000 of its special needs students did not get the legally required help they were entitled during the past school year. But at least it was not as bad as it was the year before. A new DOE report detailing demographic data of students with disabilities showed that approximately 27 percent of the roughly 193,000 students with disabilities were in schools that were not fully meeting their needs — like counseling for behavior disorders, speech therapy for language delays, occupational therapy for motor delays or visual services for vision impairments — mandated by their Individualized Education Program (IEPs.) That was down from a year ago when 41 percent of students who were only getting partial or none of their services, according to the report.
(2) “The fact remains that over 25 percent of students with disabilities — nearly 50,000 students — are still going without all of the special education services they are entitled to receive under law,” Kim Sweet, executive director of Advocates for Children of New York, said in a statement. “NYC has a lot of work to do.” Watchdogs are concerned that without getting their mandated support services, many children with disabilities are unable to meet their academic and developmental goals. Only 10 percent of students with disabilities passed the state English exam given to the city’s third through eighth graders last year, Sweet pointed out.
(3) Under federal law, the city must ensure that students with disabilities are in the “least restrictive” environment possible, which means that neighborhood schools must accommodate these children rather than shunting them off elsewhere. But these schools don’t always have the staff and other resources to provide kids what they need. Roughly 19 percent of the city’s 1.1 million students have IEPs. A middle schooler with an IEP mandating a seat in a mixed math class of disabled and non-disabled students co-taught by a special education teacher and general education teacher, for instance, might instead be placed in a general ed class for the subject. Staten Island’s District 31 had the most students with IEPs, at more than 15,400, followed Manhattan’s District 2 (which includes TriBeCa, Greenwich Village, Gramercy and the Upper East Side) and the Bronx’s District 10 (which includes Riverdale, Fordham, Belmont and Kingsbridge). Lori Podvesker, of the advocacy group INCLUDEnyc, was not surprised to see Staten Island’s high number of students with special needs. “It’s incredibly insular. It’s not necessarily what you know, but who you know,” she said, adding that families in the borough have strong political clout. “They have some fantastic parent advocates out there,” she said. Certain districts have a tougher time meeting the needs of students, she added, because of such problems as a shortage of bilingual therapists. “The poorer the district is, the more likely the need for bilingual therapists. And that’s not happening.”
(4) The DOE’s report conceded the dearth of special needs educators. “One core challenge is a shortage of qualified teachers for certain license areas, notably bilingual special education teachers and secondary special education teachers,” the report said. “The DOE is actively seeking to address this challenge through large scale and targeted efforts to expand our special education pipeline, engagement with union partners, and work with the New York State Education Department to revisit policies and identify new strategies to increase the availability of appropriately trained and certified teachers.” The DOE also has long had problems tracking IEPs through its custom-made program Special Education Student Education System (SESIS), which led to a lawsuit from the Public Advocate’s office. The city is now investing $16.2 million to improve the system over the next several years.
https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20170918/new-springville/dameen-mohammed-homicide-nypd/
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | special needs | особые потребности, специальные потребности в образовании |
| be entitled | иметь право | |
| disability | ограниченные возможности, нарушения здоровья | |
| counseling | консультирование | |
| delay | задержка | |
| impairment | расстройство, ухудшение | |
| mandate | разрешать, санкционировать | |
| (2) | executive director | исполнительный директор |
| watchdog | контролер, надзорный орган | |
| goal | цель, задача | |
| point out | отмечать, подчеркивать | |
| (3) | ensure | гарантировать, обеспечивать |
| accommodate | устраивать, размещать | |
| advocacy group | правозащитная организация, общественное движение | |
| insular | изолированный, обособленный | |
| borough | городской район, городок | |
| clout | влияние | |
| shortage | нехватка, дефицит | |
| (4) | concede | признавать |
| core | основной, центральный | |
| large scale | широкомасштабный | |
| engagement | взаимодействие, сотрудничество | |
| revisit | заново пересматривать | |
| custom-made | сделанный на заказ | |
| lawsuit | иск, судебное разбирательство |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. на которую они имели право |
| 2. Но, по крайней мере, это не так плохо … (“at least”) | |
| 3. не в полной мере отвечали их потребностям (the Past Continious) | |
| (2) | 4. получать по закону |
| 5. как отметила Свит (the phrasal verb) | |
| (3) | 6. переводить их куда-либо (the adverb “elsewhere”) |
| 7. имеют сильное политическое влияние | |
| 8. тем больше вероятность того, что … (the adverb “likely”) | |
| (4) | 9. нехватка педагогов для детей с ограниченными возможностями |
| 10. путем осуществления широкомасштабных и целенаправленных мер (the preposition “through”) | |
| 11. что привело к судебному разбирательству с … (the conjunction “which”; the preposition “from”) |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. Is the situation with getting the legally required help better than it was the year before? |
| 2. What did the new report of the Department of Education show? | |
| 3. What kind of medical support is mandated by the Individualized Education Program? | |
| (2) | 4. What are watchdogs concerned about? |
| (3) | 5. Which district were the most students with IEPs from? |
| 6. Why was Lori Podvesker not surprised to see high number of students with special needs in this district? | |
| (4) | 7. What teachers do the students with IEPs need most of all? |
| 8. What was the result of the DOE problems with tracking IEPs through SESIS? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. students … disabilities |
| 2. counseling … behavior disorders | |
| 3. mandated … their Individualized Education Program | |
| (2) | 4. they are entitled to receive … law |
| 5. Watchdogs are concerned that … getting their mandated support services | |
| (3) | 6. mandating a seat … a mixed math class |
| 7. families … the borough | |
| (4) | 8. shortage … qualified teachers … certain license areas |
| 9. to address this challenge … large scale and targeted efforts | |
| 10. engagement … union partners | |
| 11. lawsuit … the Public Advocate’s office |
UNIT 13
Phone-Hacking
Task 1
Read the text “Andy Coulson admits No 10 job doubts over David Blunkett voicemails”
(1) Former News of the World editor tells trial he may not have been hired if David Cameron (former British Prime minister – M.M.) knew he had heard hacked voicemails. Andy Coulson has admitted David Cameron would probably not have hired him as his spin doctor had the prime minister been told he had listened to David Blunkett's voicemails. The former News of the World editor told his trial at the Old Bailey that "it may be right, if I explained [to the prime minister] what I explained to the jury now, the job wouldn't have been offered to me". Coulson admitted he knew of one instance of hacking at the News of the World, telling jurors he had listened to the then-home secretary's intimate voicemails to a married woman in 2004. Coulson was hired by the prime minister in May 2007, months after he quit as editor of the News of the World and took "ultimate responsibility" for the jailing of the paper's former royal editor Clive Goodman and the phone-hacker Glenn Mulcaire, even though he said he had no knowledge of their activities. The jury heard he went on to become the head of communications at Downing Street after the Tories came to power as part of a coalition in May 2010 but resigned in January 2011 after the phone hacking scandal blew up again.
(2) Under cross-examination, Coulson was asked: "If what you had done in relation to Blunkett became public you would never have kept that job would you?" Coulson replied: "I can't say for sure. I think it may well have meant I didn't get the job. I can't say that with certainty. "The media temperature around this issue is considerably higher now than it was then, but it may be right, if I explained what I explained to the jury now, the job wouldn't have been offered to me." He denied being part of a continuing cover-up when the Guardian and the New York Times reported on more widespread hacking at the News of the World in 2009 and 2010.
(3) Andrew Edis QC, asked if Coulson "offered any information" following the Guardian's exposé in the summer of 2009. He said he did not. Asked he was covering the hacking up. "I did not cover anything up," Coulson replied. Did he offer any information up in September 2010 after the New York Times article about phone hacking? "Yes, with a large number of false allegations, yes. That caused a huge wave of publicity," replied Coulson. He was asked about a private breakfast meeting he had with Rebekah Brooks, then the chief executive of News International, on 14 January 2011 at the Halkin hotel, days before he resigned from No 10. Edis asked if Brooks told him that the News International position had changed and it was now co-operating with the police and "the three emails implicated [a journalist who cannot be named for legal reasons] in phone hacking in your time were going to be released to the police." Coulson replied: "I can't remember her giving me that sort of specific information". Coulson repeated an earlier assertion made in front of the jury that he had made up his mind to quit Downing Street over the Christmas period and he had not told Brooks, his former lover, of his decision. Edis asked if Brooks told him that "evidence was about to released" that meant "the single rogue reporter" position of News International "was about to be blown out of the water". "I don't know. I don't think she did," said Coulson.
(4) Earlier Coulson admitted that a News International lawyer, who cannot be named for legal reasons and who he had consulted over the Blunkett voicemails, "made a mistake" by not raising "alarm bells" about criminality involved back in 2004. The jury heard that the lawyer did raise concerns about privacy but not about a criminal dimension. Edis asked Coulson if he had a "big row" with the lawyer after his royal editor Clive Goodman and Glenn Mulcaire were arrested two years later on similar offences. "I just wonder if you think [the lawyer] had underperformed." Coulson said he thought the lawyer had "yes, made a mistake". Coulson denied he was involved in a "cover-up" following the arrest of Clive Goodman and Glenn Mulcaire in August 2006. He agreed with Edis that the arrest had led to a "disastrous" sequence of events. "I agree these things did cause in the end the dismantling of my professional life," he said. Coulson denies one charge of conspiracy to hack phones and two other charges.
http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/apr/29/andy-coulson-phone-hacking-trial-blunkett
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | trial | суд, судебный процесс |
| admit | признаваться | |
| juror | присяжный заседатель | |
| responsibility | ответственность | |
| jailing | заключение в тюрьму, лишение свободы | |
| resign | уходить в отставку | |
| (2) | cross-examination | перекрестный допрос |
| deny | отрицать, отвергать | |
| cover-up | укрывательство, сокрытие | |
| (3) | exposé | разоблачение, разоблачительный материал |
| allegation | утверждение, заявление | |
| co-operating | сотрудничество | |
| implicated | причастный к, замешанный | |
| assertion | утверждение | |
| (4) | criminality | преступное деяние, преступная деятельность |
| criminal dimension | уголовный аспект | |
| offence | правонарушение, преступление | |
| dismantling | ликвидация, прекращение | |
| conspiracy | заговор, сговор |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. Дэвид Кэмерон не нанял бы его в качестве медиа-советника, если бы премьер-министру сказали о том, что... (the subjunctive; the inverted word order) |
| 2. признался в том, что знал об одном случае взлома | |
| 3. хотя он и сказал, что не знал ничего (the conjunction “even though”) | |
| 4. но уволился в январе 2011, после того как (the conjunction “but”) | |
| (2) | 5. На перекрестном допросе Колсона спросили (the preposition “under”) |
| 6. сейчас значительно выше, чем была тогда (the Comparative) | |
| 7. Он отрицал то, что был участником длительного сговора (the Gerund) | |
| (3) | 8. и теперь это было сотрудничество с полицией |
| 9. заявление, сделанное ранее перед присяжными (Participle II) | |
| (4) | 10. Эдис спросил Колсона о том, был ли у него «конфликт» с юристом (Indirect Speech) |
| 11. арест привел к «катастрофической» последовательности событий (the Past Perfect) | |
| 12. к прекращению моей профессиональной деятельности |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. Why would David Cameron probably not have hired Andy Coulson as his spin doctor? |
| 2. What did Coulson take "ultimate responsibility" for? | |
| 3. Why did he resign in January 2011? | |
| (2) | 4. Did Coulson deny being part of a continuing cover-up? |
| (3) | 5. What did Andrew Edis ask Coulson about the News International position? |
| 6. Had Coulson told Rebekah Brooks of his decision to quit Downing Street? | |
| (4) | 7. Why did a News International lawyer make a mistake? |
| 8. Who was arrested in August 2006? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. told his trial ... the Old Bailey |
| 2. what I explained ... the jury now | |
| 3. knew ... one instance ... hacking | |
| 4. took "ultimate responsibility" ... the jailing | |
| 5. the Tories came ... power | |
| (2) | 6. ... cross-examination, Coulson was asked |
| 7. The media temperature ... this issue | |
| (3) | 8. Yes, ... a large number ... false allegations |
| 9. he resigned ... No 10 | |
| 10. co-operating ... the police | |
| 11. were going to be released ... the police | |
| 12. made ... front ... the jury | |
| (4) | 13. were arrested two years later ... similar offences |
| 14. Coulson denies one charge ... conspiracy |
UNIT 14
Lawyer’s Suit
Task 1
Read the text “Lawyer who sued her client for allegedly misleading her during consultation wins appeal”
(1) A Georgia appeals court has upheld a verdict for a lawyer who accused her client of misleading her in an initial consultation and defaming her in online reviews. Lawyer Jan Hinson had alleged the client, Vivek Pampattiwar, lied when she asked him if a divorce action was pending and defamed her by labeling her "a CROOK Lawyer" and an "Extremely Fraudulent Lady” at Kudzu.com. The ABA/BNA Lawyers’ Manual on Professional Conduct covered the opinion upholding the verdict, issued March 12. According to Hinson's version of events, Pampattiwar said his wife had not counterclaimed for divorce in his maintenance action in a separate county, an assertion he knew to be untrue. Nor did Pampattiwar inform Hinson that she would be the sixth attorney to represent him in the litigation with his wife, according to trial evidence supporting Hinson that was cited by the appeals court. Hinson checked an online docket, saw no counterclaim, and filed a divorce action on behalf of Pampattiwar in Gwinnett County, the court said. The online docket, however, was incorrect. Hinson did not read the documents in the pending case that Pampattiwar had brought to the consultation. Hinson dismissed the divorce suit and took over representation of Pampattiwar in the other litigation after his other lawyer withdrew.
(2) The appeals court details multiple disagreements between Hinson and Pampattiwar. He resisted dismissing the divorce case that Hinson filed based on the incorrect information, indicating he would pay extra to litigate in Gwinnett County and removing a document from her office to try to impede the dismissal, Hinson had alleged. As the case progressed in the other county, Hinson and Pampattiwar “had multiple heated confrontations over billing issues and other matters,” the court said. Hinson sought to withdraw from the representation, and her motion was granted on the eve of arbitration. Pampattiwar pleaded with Hinson to represent him during the September 2010 arbitration, and she acquiesced. In October, however, Pampattiwar called the law firm because he was upset about his legal bills, allegedly telling a paralegal that Hinson and her staff were crooks, the appeals court said.
(3) In November Hinson’s law office phones "stopped ringing." Her office staff discovered negative reviews on Kudzu.com calling her "a CROOK Lawyer" and an "Extremely Fraudulent Lady." An expert traced the reviews to an IP address associated with Pampattiwar. Pampattiwar testified at trial that he had told Hinson about the divorce counterclaim and showed her the pleadings. He also denied posting the negative reviews. After losing at trial, Pampattiwar alleged on appeal that Hinson should not have relied solely on the online docket.
(4) The appeals court noted Hinson’s testimony that the online docket always listed counterclaims. Hinson also testified that she declined to review Pampattiwar’s documents because he already had counsel in the case, which she believed was likely be dismissed, and she did not want to get involved. “In light of this testimony,” the appeals court said, “it was for the jury to determine whether Hinson exercised sufficient due diligence.” Hinson tells the ABA Journal the appellate case was "very well decided" and "a just opinion." She can't recall the specific amount of the jury award, but believes it was about $400,000. Asked about lessons learned from the case, Hinson says she screens clients differently now. If she sees "a big red flag going off" or if she has a "reservation or a hesitation," she will not take the case, she says.
(5) Pampattiwar's trial lawyer, Reginald Greene, said he believed the verdict was "improper and excessive." He believed Hinson's fraud claim related to the consultation to be "absurd" and said a new trial should have been granted. Greene said his client had a strong accent and jurors may not have liked him. “I think that credibility was at issue on both sides of the table and [Hinson] won the credibility fight," he told the ABA Journal.
http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/lawyer_who_sued_her_client_for_allegedly_misleading_her_during_consultation
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | appeals court | апелляционный суд |
| uphold | оставлять в силе, поддерживать | |
| accuse | обвинять | |
| misleading | введение в заблуждение | |
| defaming | диффамация, клевета | |
| divorce action | бракоразводный процесс | |
| crook | аферист, обманщик | |
| fraudulent | обманный, мошеннический | |
| counterclaim | выдвигать встречное требование, предъявлять встречный иск | |
| represent | представлять | |
| litigation | тяжба, судебный процесс | |
| docket | досье судопроизводства | |
| on behalf of | от имени | |
| dismiss | отклонять, прекращать | |
| withdraw | отказываться | |
| (2) | impede | мешать, препятствовать |
| billing issue | вопрос выставления счетов на оплату | |
| motion | ходатайство | |
| arbitration | арбитражное разбирательство | |
| paralegal | помощник адвоката, помощник юриста | |
| staff | персонал, сотрудники | |
| (3) | trace | следить |
| (4) | testimony | показания |
| due diligence | должная осмотрительность, должная исполнительность | |
| jury award | решение присяжных | |
| (5) | improper | неправомерный, ненадлежащий |
| excessive | чрезмерный | |
| credibility | достоверность |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. обвинила своего клиента в том, что он ввел ее в заблуждение на первоначальной консультации |
| 2. Согласно версии событий, изложенной Хинсон | |
| 3. шестым адвокатом, представляющим его в тяжбе против жены (the Attributive Infinitive) | |
| 4. Пампаттивар также не проинформировал Хинсон о том, что ... (the conjunction “nor”; the inverted word order) | |
| 5. Электронное досье по судопроизводству, однако, было неверным (the conjunctive adverb “however”) | |
| (2) | 6. разногласия между Хинсон и Пампаттиваром (the preposition “between”) |
| 7. якобы сказав помощнику адвоката о том, что Хинсон и ее сотрудники - аферисты (Participle I) | |
| (3) | 8. сказал Хинсон о наличии встречных требований, связанных с разводом (the Past Perfect) |
| (4) | 9. Она не может вспомнить, какая конкретно сумма была присуждена (“can’t”) |
| 10. если у нее есть «сомнение или колебание» (the if-clause) | |
| (5) | 11. и он мог не понравиться присяжным (“may”) |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. What did lawyer Jan Hinson accuse her client Vivek Pampattiwar of ? |
| 2. Did she see a counterclaim in the online docket? | |
| (2) | 3. What was the reason of multiple disagreements between Hinson and Pampattiwar? |
| (3) | 4. What did Hinson’s office staff discover on Kudzu.com? |
| (4) | 5. Why did Hinson decline to review Pampattiwar’s documents? |
| 6. What lessons did she learn from the case? | |
| (5) | 7. What did Pampattiwar's trial lawyer say about the verdict? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. has upheld a verdict ... a lawyer |
| 2. defamed her ... labeling | |
| 3. had not counterclaimed ... divorce | |
| 4. to represent him ... the litigation ... his wife | |
| 5. a divorce action ... behalf ... Pampattiwar | |
| (2) | 6. confrontations ... billing issues and other matters |
| 7. motion was granted ... the eve ... arbitration | |
| (3) | 8. Pampattiwar testified ... trial that |
| (4) | 9. ... light ... this testimony |
| 10. the specific amount ... the jury award | |
| (5) | 11. lessons learned ... the case |
| 12. credibility was ... issue |
UNIT 15
America’s Police
Task 1
Read the text “How did America’s police become a military force on the streets?”
(1) Are cops constitutional? In a 2001 article for the Seton Hall Constitutional Law Journal, the legal scholar and civil liberties activist Roger Roots posed just that question. Roots, a fairly radical libertarian, believes that the U.S. Constitution doesn’t allow for police as they exist today. At the very least, he argues, police departments, powers and practices today violate the document’s spirit and intent. “Under the criminal justice model known to the framers, professional police officers were unknown,” Roots writes. The founders and their contemporaries would probably have seen even the early-19th-century police forces as a standing army, and a particularly odious one at that. Just before the American Revolution, it wasn’t the stationing of British troops in the colonies that irked patriots in Boston and Virginia; it was England’s decision to use the troops for everyday law enforcement. This wariness of standing armies was born of experience and a study of history—early American statesmen like Madison, Washington and Adams were well-versed in the history of such armies in Europe, especially in ancient Rome.
(2) If even the earliest attempts at centralized police forces would have alarmed the founders, today’s policing would have terrified them. Today in America SWAT teams violently smash into private homes more than 100 times per day. The vast majority of these raids are to enforce laws against consensual crimes. In many cities, police departments have given up the traditional blue uniforms for “battle dress uniforms” modeled after soldier attire. Police departments across the country now sport armored personnel carriers designed for use on a battlefield. Some have helicopters, tanks and Humvees. They carry military-grade weapons. Most of this equipment comes from the military itself. Many SWAT teams today are trained by current and former personnel from special forces units like the Navy SEALs or Army Rangers. National Guard helicopters now routinely swoop through rural areas in search of pot plants and, when they find something, send gun-toting troops dressed for battle rappelling down to chop and confiscate the contraband. But it isn’t just drugs. Aggressive, SWAT-style tactics are now used to raid neighborhood poker games, doctors’ offices, bars and restaurants, and head shops—despite the fact that the targets of these raids pose little threat to anyone. This sort of force was once reserved as the last option to defuse a dangerous situation. It’s increasingly used as the first option to apprehend people who aren’t dangerous at all.
(3) The Third Amendment reads, in full: “No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.” You might call it the runt piglet of the Bill of Rights amendments—short, overlooked, sometimes the butt of jokes. The Supreme Court has yet to hear a case that turns on the Third Amendment, and only one such case has reached a federal appeals court. There have been a few periods in American history when the government probably violated the amendment [the War of 1812, the Civil War and on the Aleutian Islands during World War II], but those incursions into quartering didn’t produce any significant court challenges. Not surprisingly, then, Third Amendment scholarship is a thin field, comprising just a handful of law review articles, most of which either look at the amendment’s history or pontificate on its obsolescence.
(4) Given the apparent irrelevance of the amendment today, we might ask why the framers found it so important in the first place. One answer [lies in] the “castle doctrine.” If you revere the principle that a man’s home is his castle, it hardly seems just to force him to share a portion of it with soldiers—particularly when the country isn’t even at war. But the historical context behind the Third Amendment shows that the framers were worried about something more profound than fat soldier hands stripping the country’s larders. At the time the Third Amendment was ratified, the images and memories of British troops in Boston and other cities were still fresh, and the clashes with colonists that drew the country into war still evoked strong emotions. What we might call the “symbolic Third Amendment” wasn’t just a prohibition on peacetime quartering, but a more robust expression of the threat that standing armies pose to free societies. It represented a long-standing, deeply ingrained resistance to armies patrolling American streets and policing American communities. And, in that sense, the spirit of the Third Amendment is anything but anachronistic.
http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/how_did_americas_police_become_a_military_force_on_the_streets
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | legal scholar | правовед, ученый-юрист |
| civil liberties | гражданские свободы | |
| powers | полномочия, правомочия | |
| violate | нарушать | |
| intent | предназначение, смысл | |
| criminal justice | уголовное судопроизводство | |
| framer | автор, создатель | |
| law enforcement | правоохранительная деятельность, обеспечение правопорядка | |
| (2) | policing | работа полиции, охрана правопорядка |
| SWAT team | полицейский спецназ, группа захвата | |
| smash | вламываться, врываться | |
| consensual crime | преступление с согласия потерпевшего | |
| gun-toting | вооруженный | |
| threat | угроза, опасность | |
| apprehend | арестовывать, задерживать | |
| (3) | amendment | поправка |
| prescribe | устанавливать, предписывать | |
| Bill of Rights | билль о правах, первые десять поправок к Конституции США | |
| Supreme Court | Верховный суд | |
| obsolescence | устаревание | |
| (4) | force | заставлять, принуждать |
| ratify | ратифицировать, одобрять | |
| clash | столкновение, стычка | |
| prohibition | запрет | |
| resistance | сопротивление, противодействие |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. сегодня нарушают дух и смысл документа |
| 2. В рамках модели уголовного судопроизводства (the preposition “under”) | |
| 3. Основатели и их современники, вероятно, могли рассматривать … (“would”) | |
| (2) | 4. полицейские управления отказались от традиционной синей униформы (the Present Perfect) |
| 5. Многие команды спецназа сегодня обучаются | |
| 6. несмотря на то, что многие цели этих рейдов не представляют значительной угрозы кому-либо (the preposition “despite”) | |
| (3) | 7. но лишь в порядке, установленном законом (the conjunction “but”; the Passive) |
| 8. каких-либо существенных судебных споров (the pronoun “any”) | |
| 9. в большинстве из которых либо исследуется история поправки, либо … (the conjunction “either … or …”) | |
| (4) | 10. беспокоились о чем-то более глубоком, нежели … |
| 11. столкновения с колонистами, которые вовлекли страну в войну (the preposition “with”) | |
| 12. армиям, патрулировавшим американские улицы и поддерживавшим правопорядок в американском обществе (Participle I) |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. Why doesn’t the U.S. Constitution allow for police as they exist today? |
| 2. What were patriots in Boston and Virginia irked by? | |
| (2) | 3. What equipment do police departments and SWAT teams use to enforce laws? |
| 4. What are aggressive, SWAT-style tactics now used for? | |
| (3) | 5. When did the government probably violate the Third Amendment? |
| (4) | 6. Was the “symbolic Third Amendment” just a prohibition on peacetime quartering? |
| 7. What did it represent? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. the U.S. Constitution doesn’t allow … police |
| 2. … the criminal justice model known … the framers | |
| 3. to use the troops … everyday law enforcement | |
| (2) | 4. SWAT teams violently smash … private homes |
| 5. to enforce laws … consensual crimes | |
| 6. are trained … current and former personnel … special forces units | |
| 7. pose little threat … anyone | |
| (3) | 8. but … a manner to be prescribed … law |
| 9. pontificate … its obsolescence | |
| (4) | 10. irrelevance … the amendment today |
| 11. were worried … something more profound | |
| 12. and the clashes … colonists | |
| 13. a prohibition … peacetime quartering | |
| 14. the spirit … the Third Amendment |
UNIT 16
Lynch
Task 1
Read the text “Canadian accused of murder is lynched in Peruvian Amazon”
(1) A Canadian man was lynched in the Peruvian Amazon, after he was accused by members of an indigenous community of killing a local spiritual leader. Police found Sebastian Woodroffe’s body after video of his lynching on Friday was shared on social media, Peruvian prosecutors in Ucayali said. Officials had launched a search for the 41-year-old after the murder of Olivia Arévalo, 81, near her home. The Shipibo-Conibo tribe’s healer was shot twice and died on Thursday.
(2) “We will not rest until both murders, of the indigenous woman as well as the Canadian man, are solved,” Ricardo Palma Jimenez, the head prosecutor in Ucayali told Reuters. Some members of the Shipibo-Conibo community in the north-eastern region had blamed the indigenous rights activist’s death on the Canadian national who lived in the area and was believed to have been one of her clients, Mr Jimenez said. It is not yet known when Mr Woodroffe arrived in the area or what he was doing there. Ms Arévalo’s murder sparked outrage in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest, as it followed a number of unsolved murders of indigenous activists who had repeatedly faced death threats stemming from their efforts to keep illegal loggers and palm oil growers off native lands. The authorities were exploring several hypotheses related to the traditional healer’s murder but said it was too early to name suspects in the case. There have also been no arrests in relation to Mr Woodroffe’s death, whose body was found buried about 1 km (0.6 mile) from Ms Arévalo’s home on Saturday. Video footage found by the police shows a man groaning in a puddle near a thatched-roof structure. Another man then puts a rope around his neck and drags him while onlookers stand by. Mr Jimenez confirmed the man in the video was Mr Woodroffe and that an autopsy revealed he was strangled to death after receiving several blows to his body.
(3) Policing is thin over much of the Peruvian Andes and Amazon, with villagers in far-flung provinces often punishing suspected criminals according to local customs and without the involvement of state police and prosecutors. Canadian authorities extended its “deepest condolences following the reported assassination of Olivia Arévalo Lomas, an indigenous elder and human rights defender”. Without confirming any identity, they also said in a statement that they were aware of a killed Canadian national and were providing consular services to the person’s family.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-43858482
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | lynch | линчевать, расправляться самосудом |
| indigenous | местный, здешний | |
| search | поиск | |
| shoot | стрелять | |
| (2) | blame | обвинять |
| outrage | возмущение, негодование | |
| face | сталкиваться | |
| illegal | нелегальный, незаконный | |
| authorities | официальные власти, полномочные органы | |
| hypothesis | гипотеза, предположение | |
| drag | тащить, волочить | |
| onlooker | наблюдатель, свидетель | |
| confirm | подтверждать | |
| autopsy | аутопсия, вскрытие | |
| strangle | душить | |
| (3) | far-flung | отдаленный |
| punish | наказывать | |
| custom | обычай | |
| assassination | убийство политического или общественного деятеля | |
| identity | личность |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. Власти начали поиск тела … (the Past Perfect) |
| 2. была убита двумя выстрелами | |
| (2) | 3. до тех пор, пока оба убийства (the conjunction “until”) |
| 4. До сих пор неизвестно, когда … (the adverb “yet”) | |
| 5. был одним из ее клиентов (the Perfect Infinitive) | |
| 6. за рядом нераскрытых убийств местных активистов | |
| 7. К тому же не было никаких арестов в связи … (“there is”; the adverb “also”) | |
| 8. Затем другой человек накидывает ему веревку на шею (the pronoun “another”; the adverb “then”) | |
| (3) | 9. часто наказывают подозреваемых преступников в соответствии с местными обычаями (the adverb “often”; the Participle I) |
| 10. Без подтверждения чьей-либо личности |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. Who was Olivia Arevalo and what happened to her? |
| (2) | 2. Why did Ms Arévalo’s murder spark outrage? |
| 3. Where was Mr Woodroffe’s body found? | |
| 4. What did Mr Woodroffe’s autopsy reveal? | |
| (3) | 5. What often happens to criminals in far-flung provinces of the Peruvian Amazon? |
| 6. Did Canadian authorities confirm Sebastian Woodroffe’s identity in their statement? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. was accused … members |
| 2. Officials had launched a search … the 41-year-old | |
| (2) | 3. had blamed the indigenous rights activist’s death … the Canadian national |
| 4. a number … unsolved murders … indigenous activists | |
| 5. to keep illegal loggers and palm oil growers … native lands | |
| 6. it was too early to name suspects … the case | |
| 7. Video footage found … the police | |
| 8. was strangled … death … receiving several blows | |
| (3) | 9. … the involvement … state police |
| 10. they were aware … a killed Canadian national |
UNIT 17
Conspiring to Murder
Task 1
Read the text “Revealed: Letter that stopped Jeremy Thorpe giving evidence”
(1) It was dubbed “the trial of the century” – a dashing, charismatic political leader accused of conspiring to murder his former gay lover in a bizarre, ill-fated plot. But why did Jeremy Thorpe – leader of the Liberal Party and pillar of the Establishment – not go into the witness box to defend himself from charges he vehemently denied? The BBC has obtained a document that sheds new light on the decision by Mr Thorpe’s lawyers not to let him give evidence at the Old Bailey in 1979, seen at the time as a high risk manoeuvre that might have led to a lengthy prison sentence for their client. It is a passionate four-page letter from Mr Thorpe to an American man called Bruno sent after they had met in San Francisco in 1961, which Mr Thorpe wrote is “the one city where a gay person can let down his defences and feel free and unhunted”. The prosecution at the trial had a copy, and if Mr Thorpe had given evidence he would have faced questioning about his sexuality which he wanted to avoid.
(2) I received the “Bruno letter” and connected records from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation after making an FOI request under American Freedom of Information law. In it, Mr Thorpe also said of San Francisco: “If I’m driven out of public life in Britain for a gay scandal I shall settle in SF!” He asked Bruno to write to him at the House of Commons “marked Personal!”, and discussed how they could meet again, adding: “I must get on to SF on some mission, which the British or American taxpayers will pay for!!” Mr Thorpe, a former leader of the Liberal party, and three others were acquitted of conspiring to murder his former lover, Norman Scott, in one of the most famous court cases in British political history. The trial arose from a bizarre incident on Exmoor in which Mr Scott’s dog Rinka had been shot dead. The prosecution asserted that the real plan had been to kill Mr Scott himself, whom Mr Thorpe wanted to silence because he was telling others about their past relationship, a relationship which the former Liberal leader persistently denied.
(3) During the court case, many observers were stunned when Mr Thorpe’s legal team announced he would not give any evidence in his own defence. This meant that he avoided being cross-examined by the prosecution and personally having to respond to a range of uncomfortable topics. They included evidence of mysterious financial transactions and remarks he had made about wanting Mr Scott dead, which were part of the alleged conspiracy; but also evidence of his affairs at a time when, until 1967, male homosexuality had been illegal.
(4) Prosecution lawyers had notified Mr Thorpe’s barrister George Carman and solicitor Sir David Napley that they had significant information on his other gay relationships, including the missive to Bruno. According to the biography of Mr Carman, written by his son Dominic, the barrister was already inclined to think that Mr Thorpe should not give evidence and the Bruno document “removed any doubt” he had that it was the right decision. The significance of the letter is confirmed in an earlier book on the Thorpe affair, Rinkagate, in which the journalists Simon Freeman and Barrie Penrose state: “Any lingering doubts that Carman and Napley might have had were removed when the prosecution showed them a sexually explicit letter from Thorpe to a friend called Bruno… Carman and Napley agreed it would be a catastrophe for Thorpe if the letter became public, which would definitely happen if he gave evidence.” The decision not to go into the witness box was Mr Thorpe’s legal right. The reason he later gave in his own memoirs was that giving evidence “would have prolonged the trial unnecessarily for at least another 10 to 14 days”. After the not-guilty verdict, it was widely considered to have been a clever strategy from his legal team. The three key prosecution witnesses all faced significant doubts over their credibility, and they failed to convince the jury.
(5) However, in public relations terms it was much less successful. Mr Thorpe’s acquittal did not seem to clear him in the court of public opinion. His reputation never recovered from the allegations in the case and the widespread feeling they had not been satisfactorily answered, until he died in 2014. Interest in the trial has recently been reawakened by the forthcoming BBC One series, A Very English Scandal, which dramatises the events of the Thorpe-Scott affair and the ramifications of their falling out. The FBI found the letter in Bruno’s possession when they arrested him in 1963 for breaking a probation order he had earlier received for theft. As it indicated the writer was a British member of parliament, the document was passed to the authorities in London, although the FBI’s files show they mistakenly thought Mr Thorpe was a Labour rather than a Liberal MP. The US Attorney General, Robert Kennedy, brother of the then president, wanted personally to inform someone whose name is redacted from the FBI’s release but given the context, was probably in the UK government. According to the FBI records, Mr Kennedy said: “The British can’t afford another disclosure of this kind.” This was presumably a reference to the Profumo and Vassall sex scandals which had shaken the British establishment at that time. War Secretary John Profumo resigned after the disclosure of his affair with Christine Keeler, a young model also involved with a Russian spy. British diplomat John Vassall was caught after years of passing secrets to the Russians, having been blackmailed by the KGB because of his then illegal homosexuality. In due course the Thorpe scandal was to become equally sensational.
http://www.bbc.com/news/correspondents/martinrosenbaum
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | plot | заговор, интрига |
| establishment | правящие круги, властвующая элита | |
| witness box | место для дачи свидетельских показаний в суде | |
| vehemently | категорически, решительно | |
| shed new light | проливать новый свет, взглянуть по-новому | |
| prison | тюрьма | |
| let down | ослаблять | |
| avoid | избегать | |
| (2) | Federal Bureau of Investigation | Федеральное бюро расследований (ФБР) |
| Freedom of Information law | Закон о свободе информации | |
| House of Commons | Палата общин | |
| acquit | оправдывать | |
| silence | заставить замолчать | |
| persistently | упорно | |
| (3) | observer | наблюдатель |
| legal team | группа юристов, юристы | |
| mysterious | загадочный, таинственный | |
| (4) | barrister | барристер (адвокат, имеющий право выступать в высших судах) |
| solicitor | солиситор, адвокат (дающий советы клиенту, подготавливающий дела для барристера и выступающий только в судах низшей инстанции) | |
| doubt | сомнение, неопределенность | |
| legal right | законное право | |
| not-guilty verdict | вердикт о невиновности, оправдательный приговор | |
| key | ключевой | |
| convince | убеждать | |
| (5) | ramification | последствие, результат |
| probation | испытательный срок | |
| mistakenly | ошибочно | |
| Attorney General | Генеральный прокурор | |
| disclosure | разоблачение, разглашение | |
| presumably | вероятно, предположительно | |
| spy | шпион | |
| blackmail | шантажировать |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. причудливая неудачная интрига |
| 2. чтобы защитить себя от обвинений, которые он категорически отрицал (the Infinitive of Purpose) | |
| 3. мог бы привести к длительному тюремному заключению (“might”) | |
| 4. которых он хотел бы избежать (the Attributive Clause; the conjunction “which”) | |
| (2) | 5. после того как сделал запрос в соответствии с (the preposition “after”; the preposition “under”) |
| 6. были оправданы по обвинению в заговоре с целью убийства | |
| 7. в одном из самых известных судебных дел | |
| (3) | 8. заявили, что он не будет давать никаких показаний (“would”) |
| 9. и высказываний, сделанных им (the Past Perfect) | |
| (4) | 10. устранил любые сомнения (the pronoun “any”) |
| 11. если бы письмо было предано огласке (the if-clause) | |
| 12. им не удалось убедить присяжных | |
| (5) | 13. был недавно вызван вновь (the Present Perfect Passive; the adverb “recently”) |
| 14. за нарушение условий испытательного срока | |
| 15. был членом парламента от лейбористов, а не от либералов (“rather than”) | |
| 16. подвергаясь шантажу со стороны (the Perfect Participle Passive) |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. What document has the BBC obtained? |
| 2. What was the reason of Jeremy Thorpe’s reluctance to give evidence? | |
| (2) | 3. Who was Norman Scott? |
| 4. Why did Mr Thorpe want to kill him, according to the prosecution? | |
| (3) | 5. What procedures did Mr Thorpe avoid when it was announced that he would not give any evidence? |
| (4) | 6. What had Mr Thorpe’s lawyers been notified of? |
| 7. Did the prosecution witnesses convince the jury? | |
| (5) | 8. Why has interest in the trial been reawakened? |
| 9. When did the FBI find the letter? | |
| 10. Why did John Profumo resign? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. not go … the witness box |
| 2. give evidence … the Old Bailey | |
| 3. might have led … a lengthy prison sentence … their client | |
| 4. would have faced questioning … his sexuality | |
| (2) | 5. … making an FOI request … American Freedom of Information law |
| 6. were acquitted … conspiring | |
| 7. The trial arose … a bizarre incident | |
| (3) | 8. would not give any evidence … his own defence |
| 9. being cross-examined … the prosecution | |
| (4) | 10. had significant information … his other gay relationships |
| 11. letter … Thorpe … a friend | |
| 12. faced significant doubts … their credibility | |
| (5) | 13. to clear him … the court … public opinion |
| 14. whose name is redacted … the FBI’s release | |
| 15. having been blackmailed … the KGB |
UNIT 18
Rape
Task 1
Read the text “2 NYPD Detectives Quit After Being Charged in Rape Investigation”
(1) Detectives Eddie Martins and Richard Hall resigned ahead of an internal department trial. Two New York Police Department detectives have quit their jobs after being charged with raping and kidnapping an 18-year-old in their custody, The Associated Press reports. Detectives Eddie Martins, 37, and Richard Hall, 33, were arrested last week on a 50-count indictment that included rape, official misconduct and kidnapping charges. Martins and Hall resigned ahead of an internal administrative trial set for Thursday.
(2) Police Commissioner James O’Neill released a statement Monday that said he would have fired both officers had they been found guilty at the internal trial. “And I would have done so on behalf of every NYPD cop, because we owe the communities we serve ― as well as the honest, hardworking men and women of this department ― nothing less,” the commissioner’s statement read. The detectives still face criminal trial on the multiple charges in the Kings County Supreme Court in Brooklyn.
(3) Martins and Hall were accused of detaining the woman in a police van after finding her in possession of marijuana and anti-anxiety pills. Prosecutor Frank DeGaetano’s statement in court said that Martins raped her while Hall drove the van. Afterward, the prosecutor said, the detectives switched places, and Hall forced himself on the woman. A rape kit tested after the incident showed evidence of Martins’ and Hall’s sperm, DeGaetano said. Both officers claimed that any sexual intercourse between them and the woman was consensual.
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/nypd-detectives-rape-charged-resign_us_5a01348be4b066c2c039d102
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | internal | внутренний |
| quit | уходить в отставку, уходить со службы | |
| raping | изнасилование | |
| kidnapping | похищение | |
| indictment | обвинительное заключение | |
| official misconduct | должностное преступление, неправомерные действия по должности | |
| (2) | fire | увольнять |
| (3) | detaining | задержание, незаконное удержание |
| police van | полицейский фургон | |
| possession | владение | |
| rape kit | анализы при подозрении на изнасилование | |
| sexual intercourse | половое сношение |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. обвинительным заключением, включавшим в себя |
| 2. ушли со службы перед проведением внутреннего административного разбирательства (the adverb “ahead”) | |
| (2) | 3. он уволил бы обоих офицеров, если бы их признали виновными (the subjunctive; the inverted word order) |
| 4. Кроме того, детективы подлежат уголовному преследованию по многочисленным обвинениям (the adverb “still”) | |
| (3) | 5. Впоследствии прокурор заявил (the adverb “afterwards”) |
| 6. свидетельствовали о | |
| 7. было по обоюдному согласию |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. What charges did an indictment include? |
| (2) | 2. What did Police Commissioner James O’Neill say about this incident? |
| (3) | 3. Where were the crimes committed? |
| 4. Did the detectives change their roles when committing the crimes? | |
| 5. What did a rape kit show? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. have quit their jobs … being charged … raping and kidnapping |
| 2. were arrested last week … a 50-count indictment | |
| (2) | 3. had they been found guilty … the internal trial |
| 4. The detectives still face criminal trial … the multiple charges | |
| (3) | 5. … possession … marijuana and anti-anxiety pills |
| 6. showed evidence … Martins’ and Hall’s sperm | |
| 7. sexual intercourse … them and the woman |
APPENDIX
Glossary
| abusive | неправомерный, негуманный |
| accessible | доступный |
| accommodate | устраивать, размещать |
| accuse | обвинять |
| acquit | оправдывать |
| act in the name of | действовать во имя |
| ad blocker | программа для блокировки рекламы |
| admit | признаваться |
| advertising | реклама |
| advocacy group | правозащитная организация, общественное движение |
| allegation | утверждение, заявление |
| altercation | ссора, перебранка |
| amass | собирать, накапливать |
| amendment | поправка |
| amount | количество, объем |
| appeals court | апелляционный суд |
| apprehend | арестовывать, задерживать |
| arbitration | арбитражное разбирательство |
| assassination | убийство политического или общественного деятеля |
| assault rifle | автомат, штурмовая винтовка |
| assertion | утверждение |
| attitude | отношение, подход |
| Attorney General | Генеральный прокурор |
| authorities | официальные власти, полномочные органы |
| autopsy | аутопсия, вскрытие |
| avoid | избегать |
| backup | резервная копия |
| barrister | барристер (адвокат, имеющий право выступать в высших судах) |
| be entitled | иметь право |
| behave | вести себя |
| be held accountable | нести ответственность |
| bias | предубеждение, предвзятость |
| billing issue | вопрос выставления счетов на оплату |
| Bill of Rights | билль о правах, первые десять поправок к Конституции США |
| blackmail | шантажировать |
| blame | обвинять |
| borough | городской район, городок |
| breaching | нарушение, преодоление заграждений |
| built-in | встроенный |
| civil liberties | гражданские свободы |
| clash | столкновение, стычка |
| clout | влияние |
| community | сообщество |
| compile | включать в, приобщать |
| complaint | заявление, жалоба |
| confirm | подтверждать |
| confront | противостоять, оказывать сопротивление |
| consensual crime | преступление с согласия потерпевшего |
| conspiracy | заговор, сговор |
| conviction | осуждение, признание виновным |
| convince | убеждать |
| co-operating | сотрудничество |
| counseling | консультирование |
| count | пункт обвинения |
| counterclaim | выдвигать встречное требование, предъявлять встречный иск |
| court hearing | судебное слушание, судебное заседание |
| cover-up | укрывательство, сокрытие |
| credibility | достоверность |
| Crown Court | Суд короны |
| criminality | преступное деяние, преступная деятельность |
| criminal dimension | уголовный аспект |
| criminal justice | уголовное судопроизводство |
| collecting | сбор |
| concede | признавать |
| conclude | делать вывод, прийти к заключению |
| confidence | уверенность |
| contentious | вздорный, придирчивый |
| core | основной, центральный |
| co-worker | коллега, сотрудник |
| crook | аферист, обманщик |
| cross-examination | перекрестный допрос |
| cruelty | жестокость, жестокое обращение |
| curfew | комендантский час |
| custody | арест, содержание под стражей |
| custom | обычай |
| customer | клиент, покупатель |
| custom-made | сделанный на заказ |
| database | база данных |
| data provider | поставщик данных |
| data set | набор данных, массив данных |
| dealing drugs | торговля наркотиками |
| death penalty | смертная казнь |
| deceitful | лживый, обманчивый |
| decline | отказываться, уклоняться |
| deed | поступок, деяние |
| defaming | диффамация, клевета |
| defendant | обвиняемый, подсудимый |
| defense attorney | защитник; адвокат защиты |
| delay | задержка |
| delete | удалять |
| deliberately | умышленно, преднамеренно |
| demote | понижать в должности |
| deny | отрицать, отвергать |
| deputy commissioner | заместитель комиссара |
| deranged | ненормальный, сумасшедший |
| description | описание |
| detaining | задержание, незаконное удержание |
| deviate | отклоняться |
| dig through | копаться в |
| disability | ограниченные возможности, нарушения здоровья |
| disclosure | разоблачение, разглашение |
| discretion | свобода действий, осторожность, усмотрение |
| dismantling | ликвидация, прекращение |
| dismiss | отклонять, прекращать |
| divorce action | бракоразводный процесс |
| docket | досье судопроизводства |
| doubt | сомнение, неопределенность |
| download | скачивать, загружать с сервера |
| drag | тащить, волочить |
| draw up | готовить, разрабатывать |
| drug addict | наркозависимый, наркоман |
| due diligence | должная осмотрительность, должная исполнительность |
| edition | версия |
| embolden | поощрять |
| enable | включать, активировать |
| encrypt | шифровать |
| engagement | взаимодействие, сотрудничество |
| enormous | громадный, огромный |
| ensure | гарантировать, обеспечивать |
| entity | субъект |
| establishment | правящие круги, властвующая элита |
| evidence | показания, доказательства |
| exact | точный |
| excel | выделяться, отличаться |
| excessive | чрезмерный |
| executive director | исполнительный директор |
| explanation | объяснение, разъяснение |
| exponentially | многократно |
| exposé | разоблачение, разоблачительный материал |
| face | сталкиваться |
| familiar | знакомый, привычный |
| far-flung | отдаленный |
| Federal Bureau of Investigation | Федеральное бюро расследований (ФБР) |
| feed | лента новостей |
| file | возбуждать, подавать |
| fire | увольнять |
| flag | помечать, отмечать |
| fleе | убегать, скрываться |
| folder | папка |
| force | заставлять, принуждать |
| forensic | криминалистический, судебный |
| for life | пожизненно |
| framer | автор, создатель |
| fraud alert | предупреждение о мошенничестве |
| fraudulent | обманный, мошеннический |
| Freedom of Information law | Закон о свободе информации |
| gang | банда, шайка |
| goal | цель, задача |
| grab | внезапно схватывать, выхватывать |
| grievous bodily harm | тяжкие телесные повреждения |
| guilty | виновный, повинный |
| gunman | вооруженный преступник, стрелок |
| gunshot wound | огнестрельное ранение |
| gun-toting | вооруженный |
| hail | провозглашать, называть |
| harassment | домогательство, преследование |
| harvest | собирать |
| high-profile case | громкое дело, резонансное преступление |
| hit | ударять |
| hostile | недружелюбный, враждебный |
| House of Commons | Палата общин |
| hypothesis | гипотеза, предположение |
| identity | личность |
| illegal | нелегальный, незаконный |
| imitation firearms | муляж огнестрельного оружия |
| imitation weapon | предмет, имитирующий оружие |
| immediately | сразу, тотчас же |
| impairment | расстройство, ухудшение |
| impede | мешать, препятствовать |
| implicated | причастный к, замешанный |
| implicit | неявный, скрытый |
| improper | неправомерный, ненадлежащий |
| indictment | обвинительное заключение |
| indigenous | местный, здешний |
| inflict | причинять, наносить |
| injuring | причинение вреда, травмирующий |
| innocent | невинный |
| instance | случай, пример |
| insular | изолированный, обособленный |
| intent | предназначение, смысл |
| interaction | взаимодействие |
| internal | внутренний |
| intervene | вмешиваться, вступаться |
| investigation | расследование |
| invisible | невидимый |
| jailing | заключение в тюрьму, лишение свободы |
| juror | присяжный заседатель |
| jury award | решение присяжных |
| key | ключевой |
| kidnapping | похищение |
| knife wound | ножевое ранение |
| label | помечать, обозначать |
| large scale | широкомасштабный |
| law-abiding | законопослушный |
| law enforcement | правоохранительная деятельность, обеспечение правопорядка |
| lawsuit | иск, судебное разбирательство |
| legal right | законное право |
| legal scholar | правовед, ученый-юрист |
| legal team | группа юристов, юристы |
| let down | ослаблять |
| life insurance | страхование жизни |
| limit | ограничивать |
| line of inquiry | следственная версия, направление расследования |
| link | связывать |
| litigation | тяжба, судебный процесс |
| log | регистрировать, вносить в журнал |
| lurker | пассивный наблюдатель |
| lynch | линчевать, расправляться самосудом |
| malicious software | вредоносная программа |
| mandate | разрешать, санкционировать |
| manhunt | розыск |
| manslaughter | непредумышленное убийство |
| material support | материальная поддержка |
| mental health | психическое здоровье |
| misdemeanor offense | незначительное правонарушение, уголовный проступок |
| misleading | введение в заблуждение |
| mistakenly | ошибочно |
| mitigation | смягчение последствий, послабление |
| mode | режим |
| mosque | мечеть |
| motion | ходатайство |
| murder | убийство |
| murky | туманный, неясный |
| mysterious | загадочный, таинственный |
| narrative | высказывание, изложение фактов |
| negligent homicide | убийство по неосторожности |
| not-guilty verdict | вердикт о невиновности, оправдательный приговор |
| objectionable | нежелательный |
| obscure | непонятный, неясный |
| observer | наблюдатель |
| obsolescence | устаревание |
| obtain | получать |
| offence | правонарушение, преступление |
| official misconduct | должностное преступление, неправомерные действия по должности |
| on behalf of | от имени |
| onlooker | наблюдатель, свидетель |
| open fire | открывать огонь |
| opt | предпочитать, выбирать |
| outrage | возмущение, негодование |
| overstatement | преувеличение |
| overwhelming | подавляющий, огромный |
| paralegal | помощник адвоката, помощник юриста |
| parole | условно-досрочное освобождение |
| pass over | обходить, оставлять без внимания |
| peacemaker | миротворец |
| pedestrian | пешеход |
| permanent | постоянный, долговременный |
| permission | разрешение, дозволение |
| persistently | упорно |
| presumably | вероятно, предположительно |
| promotion | повышение в должности, продвижение по службе |
| pivotal | решающий, основополагающий |
| plot | заговор, интрига |
| point out | отмечать, подчеркивать |
| police van | полицейский фургон |
| policing | работа полиции, охрана правопорядка |
| possession | владение |
| post-mortem examination | вскрытие |
| powers | полномочия, правомочия |
| precedent | судебный прецедент (решение суда, служащее образцом при решении аналогичных дел в системе англосаксонского права) |
| premeditated attack | преднамеренное нападение |
| prescribe | устанавливать, предписывать |
| primary beneficiary | основной бенефициар (лицо, обозначенное в полисе страхования жизни как имеющее первичное право на получение страховой суммы по полису в случае смерти застрахованного) |
| prison | тюрьма |
| prisoner | пленный |
| privacy | конфиденциальность, приватность |
| probation | испытательный срок |
| prohibition | запрет |
| prosecutor | обвинитель, прокурор |
| protection | защищенность, обеспечение безопасности |
| public records | документы публичного характера, общественные архивы |
| punish | наказывать |
| purge | избавляться, удалять |
| pursuit | осуществление, исполнение |
| put behind bars | заключать в тюрьму, сажать за решетку |
| quit | уходить в отставку, уходить со службы |
| raise | прибавка, повышение зарплаты |
| ramification | последствие, результат |
| rape kit | анализы при подозрении на изнасилование |
| raping | изнасилование |
| ratify | ратифицировать, одобрять |
| rebellious | бунтарский, непокорный |
| regulations | правила, предписания |
| relevant | соответствующий, имеющий отношение |
| remark | замечание, комментарий |
| reminisce | вспоминать прошлое |
| remorse | раскаяние |
| remotely | далеко |
| reopen | возобновлять, вновь открывать |
| repeal | отмена, аннулирование |
| reportedly | по имеющимся сведениям, как стало известно |
| represent | представлять |
| resign | уходить в отставку |
| resistance | сопротивление, противодействие |
| responsibility | ответственность |
| retain | сохранять, аккумулировать |
| retaliation | возмездие, расплата |
| revisit | заново пересматривать |
| rigorous | энергичный, тщательный |
| run-in | проблема, трения |
| safety | безопасность |
| scale back | уменьшать, урезать |
| scuffle | драка, потасовка |
| search | поиск |
| search engine | поисковая система, поисковик |
| Secret Service | Секретная служба |
| security reasons | соображения безопасности |
| semi-automatic | полуавтоматический |
| sentence | приговаривать, выносить приговор |
| serve | отбывать срок наказания |
| sexual intercourse | половое сношение |
| shed new light | проливать новый свет, взглянуть по-новому |
| shield | защищать |
| shoot | стрелять |
| shortage | нехватка, дефицит |
| sibling | единокровный брат (сестра) |
| sign up | подписываться, регистрироваться |
| silence | заставить замолчать |
| smash | вламываться, врываться |
| solace | успокоение, утешение |
| solicitor | солиситор, адвокат (дающий советы клиенту, подготавливающий дела для барристера и выступающий только в судах низшей инстанции) |
| sparse | скудный, небольшой по объему |
| special needs | особые потребности, специальные потребности в образовании |
| spokesman | представитель, пресс-секретарь |
| spot | замечать, обнаруживать |
| spreadsheet | сводная таблица |
| spy | шпион |
| stab | колоть, резать |
| staff | персонал, сотрудники |
| stalk | преследовать, выслеживать |
| step up | активизировать, усиливать |
| store | хранить, накапливать |
| strangle | душить |
| strike | ударять, бить |
| suburb | пригород, окраина |
| sue | подавать в суд, возбуждать дело |
| Supreme Court | Верховный суд |
| suspected | подозреваемый, подозрительное лицо |
| sustain | поддерживать |
| SWAT team | полицейский спецназ, группа захвата |
| talk sense into | вразумить, образумить |
| taxpayer | налогоплательщик |
| temporary | временный |
| testify | свидетельствовать |
| testimony | показания |
| third-party | сторонний |
| threat | угроза, опасность |
| tip | верхушка |
| tool | инструмент, средство |
| totality | совокупность |
| trace | следить |
| track | следить, отслеживать |
| traffic citation | штраф за нарушение ПДД |
| treat | обращаться, обрабатывать |
| trial | суд, судебный процесс |
| trigger | вызывать, влечь за собой |
| turn out | выясняться, оказываться |
| unjust | несправедливый |
| unprovoked | ничем не спровоцированный, без причины |
| unsecured | незащищенный |
| unsee | забывать, стирать из памяти |
| unsolved | нераскрытый |
| uphold | оставлять в силе, поддерживать |
| upload | закачивать, загружать на сервер |
| upshot | вывод, итог |
| urge | убеждать |
| urgent | срочный, неотложный |
| vaguely | смутно |
| vehemently | категорически, решительно |
| victim | жертва, потерпевший |
| violate | нарушать |
| violence | насилие |
| vulnerable | ранимый, чувствительный |
| warn | предупреждать, оповещать |
| warrant | ордер, судебное распоряжение |
| watchdog | контролер, надзорный орган |
| weapon | оружие |
| withdraw | отказываться |
| withdrawn | замкнутый |
| witness box | место для дачи свидетельских показаний в суде |
| wounding with intent | умышленное нанесение ран |
| wrestle | биться |
| wrongful death | смерть в результате противоправных действий |
REFERENCES
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43862504
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-41933448
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/sayfullo-habibullaevic-saipov-truck-driver-nyc-suspect_us_59f9261de4b0d1cf6e914feb?section=us_crime
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-lancashire-43727514
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/kayak-killer-sentenced-in-fiances-death_us_5a04a91ee4b0937b51107391?section=us_crime
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/kayak-killer-sentenced-in-fiances-death_us_5a04a91ee4b0937b51107391?section=us_crime
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/11/technology/personaltech/i-downloaded-the-information-that-facebook-has-on-me-yikes.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/19/technology/personaltech/browser-privacy-mode.html?&moduleDetail=section-news-1&action=click&contentCollection=Personal%20Tech®ion=Footer&module=MoreInSection&version=WhatsNext&contentID=WhatsNext&pgtype=article
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-43680829
https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20171031/dongan-hills/gohealth-urgent-care-racist-comments-lawsuit/
https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20170918/new-springville/dameen-mohammed-homicide-nypd/
http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/apr/29/andy-coulson-phone-hacking-trial-blunkett
http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/lawyer_who_sued_her_client_for_allegedly_misleading_her_during_consultation
http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/how_did_americas_police_become_a_military_force_on_the_streets
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-43858482
http://www.bbc.com/news/correspondents/martinrosenbaum
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/nypd-detectives-rape-charged-resign_us_5a01348be4b066c2c039d102
Малащенко М.В.
ENGLISH FOR CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY
Учебное пособие по английскому языку для слушателей магистерской программы «Уголовное право и противодействие современной преступности»
Дата: 2019-03-05, просмотров: 166.