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(1) People who knew Saipov ― albeit vaguely ― offered differing descriptions of him, with some calling him calm and one person characterizing him as “sometimes aggressive.” Sayfullo Habibullaevic Saipov is in police custody in New York City. Saipov was wanted on a April 2016 warrant for failure to pay a Missouri traffic citation. Saipov passed a background check to become an Uber driver in New Jersey, the ride-sharing company said in statement provided to HuffPost. He was an active driver at the time of the attack, having recorded over 1,400 trips in six months, but has since been banned from the app, Uber said. “We are aggressively and quickly reviewing this partner’s history with Uber, and at this time we have not identified any related concerning safety reports,” the company said, adding that it has been in contact with the FBI. Lyft also said Wednesday that Saipov had been registered as a driver on the ride-hailing app but did not specify when or for how long. Saipov had traffic citations in Missouri ― he was arrested after not showing up in court for a misdemeanor offense ― and Pennsylvania, according to online records. His driver’s license reportedly was issued in Florida.
(2) An address from 2015 also linked Saipov’s name to Stow, Ohio, but he had reportedly been living in Paterson, New Jersey, for the past few months with his wife and two children. Carlos Batista, 23, one of the family’s neighbors in Paterson, first saw a Home Depot truck parked outside Saipov’s apartment building about three weeks ago, he told HuffPost. He said Saipov would get in the truck with the same two men almost every day, usually around 9 a.m., and return in the afternoon. All of the men had long beards, Batista said, but only Saipov wore a long robe. Batista said his interactions with Saipov were mostly limited to neighborly hellos and waves. Once, though, he said he got into a small altercation with the men who rode in the truck with Saipov. They men were upset with Batista for riding a noisy dirt bike up and down the street, Batista said. Batista said they gave him some attitude, so he gave some attitude back. That’s when Saipov stepped outside. “He was the peacemaker,” Batista said of Saipov. “He calmed everything down.” From what he could tell, Batista said, Saipov seemed like a “good guy.” An Uzbek immigrant who knew Saipov agreed. “He was a very good person when I knew him,” Kobiljon Matkarov told The New York Times. “He liked the U.S. He seemed very lucky and all the time he was happy and talking like everything is OK. He did not seem like a terrorist, but I did not know him from the inside.” Another acquaintance from Cincinnati, whose family housed Saipov for several weeks in 2010 as he tried to get his green card, described him as hard-working and introverted. “He was really calm,” Dilnoza Abdusamatova told The Cincinnati Enquirer. “He always used to work. He wouldn’t go to parties or anything. He only used to come home and rest and leave and go back to work.” He left after two weeks and moved to Florida, she added.
(3) However, public records from 2011 show a business, Sayf Motors Inc., registered under his name at Abdusamatova’s home address in Ohio. Saipov was “spontaneously religious,” Mirrakhmat Muminov, a truck driver and Uzbek community activist who lives in Stow, Ohio, told Reuters. “He started studying religion in the United States. He was withdrawn, nervous, sometimes aggressive,” Muminov said.
(4) Saipov drove down the bike path along the West Side Highway and hit multiple bikers and pedestrians, police say. He then drove the truck into a Stuyvesant High School bus before exiting the vehicle and waving what police described as “imitation firearms.” He was confronted by a New York City police officer, shot and then taken to a hospital. He remained in police custody at Bellevue Hospital as of Wednesday.
(5) “Hopefully people don’t go ‘round discriminating against Muslim people or Arabic people,” said Angel Batista, Carlos’ older brother. “This is a Muslim community. We have the mosque, a lot of schools for Muslims ... They’re not bad people. They’re nice genuine people willing give up what they have for other people.” Ahmad, a 46-year-old truck driver from Jersey City who asked to be identified only by his first name for security reasons, found the gate locked when he arrived to pray at Omar Mosque on Wednesday. The mosque is believed to be where Saipov worshipped, according to multiple media reports. Ahmad apologized for his English not being good enough to express how disgusted he was by Saipov’s actions. “In our religion,” he told HuffPost, “if you kill a cat, you go to hell. How [can you] you kill innocent people?” “I don’t know,” Ahmad added. “He is not a Muslim. If he is doing that he not a Muslim.” He added that “very, very few people” misunderstand Islam, saying that “they give the world a bad picture of Muslims.”
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/sayfullo-habibullaevic-saipov-truck-driver-nyc-suspect_us_59f9261de4b0d1cf6e914feb?section=us_crime
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | vaguely | смутно |
| description | описание | |
| warrant | ордер, судебное распоряжение | |
| traffic citation | штраф за нарушение ПДД | |
| safety | безопасность | |
| misdemeanor offense | незначительное правонарушение, уголовный проступок | |
| (2) | link | связывать |
| interaction | взаимодействие | |
| altercation | ссора, перебранка | |
| peacemaker | миротворец | |
| (3) | public records | документы публичного характера, общественные архивы |
| withdrawn | замкнутый | |
| (4) | pedestrian | пешеход |
| imitation firearms | муляж огнестрельного оружия | |
| confront | противостоять, оказывать сопротивление | |
| (5) | community | сообщество |
| mosque | мечеть | |
| security reasons | соображения безопасности | |
| innocent | невинный |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. Люди, которые знали Саипова, хотя и смутно (the adverb “albeit”) |
| 2. разыскивался на основании ордера, выданного в апреле 2016 (the Past Simple Passive) | |
| 3. добавив, что она была в контакте с ФБР | |
| 4. был зарегистрирован в качестве водителя в приложении (the Past Perfect Passive) | |
| (2) | 5. но, по имеющимся сведениям, он жил в Патерсоне, штат Нью-Джерси (the Past Perfect Continious) |
| 6. его взаимодействие с Саиповым ограничивалось только лишь | |
| 7. Однако, он сказал, что однажды попал (the adverb “once”) | |
| 8. Он не казался похожим на террориста (the preposition “like”) | |
| 9. чья семья приютила Саипова (the Attributive Clause; the conjunction “whose”) | |
| 10. Он только приходил домой, отдыхал и уходил (“used to”) | |
| (3) | 11. Он начал изучать религию (the Gerund) |
| (4) | 12.то, что полиция описала как ... |
| (5) | 13. попросил, чтобы его называли только по имени по соображениям безопасности (the preposition “for”) |
| 14. чтобы выразить, какое отвращение вызывают у него (the Infinitive of Purpose) 15. считается, что это та мечеть, где он молился (the Complex Subject) |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. How did the people, who knew Saipov, characterize him? |
| 2. Why was Saipov wanted on a April 2016 warrant? | |
| 3. In what state was his driver’s licence issued? | |
| (2) | 4. Where had Saipov and his family reportedly been living for the past few months? |
| 5. What was the reason of altercation between Carlos Batista and the men who rode in the truck with Saipov? | |
| 6. Did Saipov seem like a terrorist to the people who knew him? | |
| (3) | 7. What was the opinion of Mirrakhmat Muminov about Saipov? |
| (4) | 8. What happened to Saipov when he was confronted by a police officer? |
| (5) | 9. Why was Ahmad disgusted by Saipov’s actions? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. Saipov is ... police custody |
| 2. Saipov was wanted ... a April 2016 warrant | |
| 3. He was an active driver ... the time ... the attack | |
| 4. has been ... contact ... the FBI | |
| 5. not showing up ... court ... a misdemeanor offense | |
| (2) | 6. Batista said his interactions ... Saipov were |
| 7. got ... a small altercation ... the men | |
| 8. He did not seem ... a terrorist | |
| 9. whose family housed Saipov ... several weeks in 2010 | |
| (3) | 10. public records ... 2011 show a business |
| 11. registered ... his name | |
| 12. what police described ... “imitation firearms.” | |
| (4) | 13. He was confronted ... a New York City police officer |
| (5) | 14. only ... his first name ... security reasons |
| 15. Ahmad apologized ... his English |
UNIT 4
Baby-Murder
Task 1
Read the text “Amelia Crichton baby murder: ‘Self-centred’ mother jailed”
(1) A “self-centred, manipulative” mother who murdered her seven-month-old baby has been jailed for more than 21 years. Jennifer Crichton attacked Amelia at home in Leyland, Lancashire, two days before the baby’s death in April 2017. Sentencing her, Mr Justice Holgate said he was sure Crichton had forced either Amelia “down to the ground or she struck her head on to a hard surface”. The 35-year-old was jailed for life at Liverpool Crown Court and ordered to serve a minimum of 21 years six months.
(2) She was found guilty of murder, as well as three counts of causing grievous bodily harm with intent and one of child cruelty against another child, at a trial in February. The court heard that a social worker had visited Crichton before the attack on 19 April 2017. During the visit, she had refused to take over feeding Amelia and instead went for a cigarette. An hour and 20 minutes after the worker left, Crichton called 999 and told the call handler her daughter had stopped breathing. Amelia was rushed to Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, where she died two days later after doctors concluded she would not recover from her “catastrophic” injuries. A post-mortem examination revealed she had died as a result of head injuries.
(3) Offering mitigation, Simon Jackson QC said Crichton was a “vulnerable woman unable to cope, ultimately, with the pressures of motherhood”. Delivering the sentence, Mr Justice Holgate said Amelia’s death had a “devastating effect” on the rest of her family. “Their pain over losing a much-loved young child and her life being so cruelly cut short will endure,” he said. The judge described Crichton as “self-centred, deceitful, manipulative and lacking in any real remorse”. Speaking after sentencing, senior crown prosecutor Brett Gerrity said although Crichton pleaded guilty to manslaughter during her trial, that was not accepted as “we were satisfied that the injuries which led to her death were deliberatelyinflicted”. He added that Crichton had “shown no remorse” and had “refused to explain… how Amelia was fatally injured”.
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-lancashire-43727514
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | strike | ударять, бить |
| Crown Court | Суд короны | |
| (2) | grievous bodily harm | тяжкие телесные повреждения |
| cruelty | жестокость, жестокое обращение | |
| conclude | делать вывод, прийти к заключению | |
| post-mortem examination | вскрытие | |
| (3) | mitigation | смягчение последствий, послабление |
| vulnerable | ранимый, чувствительный | |
| deceitful | лживый, обманчивый | |
| remorse | раскаяние | |
| manslaughter | непредумышленное убийство | |
| deliberately | умышленно, преднамеренно | |
| inflict | причинять, наносить |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. При вынесении приговора судья Холгейт сказал … (Participle I) |
| 2. и была приговорена к 21 году 6 месяцам как минимум | |
| (2) | 3. Она была признана виновной в убийстве, а также в трех случаях … (the conjunction “as well as”) |
| 4. и вместо этого ушла за сигаретами (the adverb “instead”) | |
| 5. пришли к выводу, что она не оправится | |
| (3) | 6. В качестве смягчающих обстоятельств … |
| 7. лишенную какого-либо реального раскаяния (the pronoun “any”) | |
| 8. мы были удовлетворены тем, что … (the Past Simple Passive) |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. Why did Jennifer Crichton go to jail? |
| (2) | 2. Who had visited Crichton before the attack? |
| 3. What did Amelia’s post-mortem examination reveal? | |
| (3) | 4. What did Simon Jackson QC say about Jennifer Crichton when offering mitigation? |
| 5. What effect did Amelia’s death have on the rest of her family? | |
| 6. Had Jennifer Crichton shown any remorse? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. struck her head … … a hard surface |
| 2. … Liverpool Crown Court | |
| (2) | 3. … the visit, she had refused to take over |
| 4. two days later … doctors concluded | |
| 5. had died … a result … head injuries | |
| (3) | 6. and lacking … any real remorse |
| 7. Speaking … sentencing, senior crown prosecutor Brett Gerrity said | |
| 8. pleaded guilty … manslaughter |
UNIT 5
Negligent Homicide
Task 1
Read the text “ ‘Kayak Killer’ Gets Up To 4 Years In Prison For Fiancé’s Death”
(1) But Angelika Graswald’s defense attorney said she may be out on parole by next month because of time served. A New York woman who pleaded guilty in the death of her fiancé has been sentenced to up to four years in state prison but may be released as early as next month, her defense attorney said. Angelika Graswald, 37, was ordered on Wednesday to serve 16 months to four years for the April 2015 death of 46-year-old Vincent Viafore, who prosecutors said drowned in the Hudson River after Graswald tampered with his kayak, News 12 Westchester reported. A defense attorney for the Latvia native, who spoke to reporters after the Orange County court hearing, said she may be paroled late next month, with her having already served two-and-a-half years toward her sentence. Viafore’s family is suing Graswald for wrongful death, the Poughkeepsie Journal reported. And they are furious about what they consider to be a soft sentencing. “Four years for taking someone’s life? No way,” Viafore’s mother, Mary Anne Viafore, told reporters. “Justice was not served for my son.” In court, Viafore’s sister also had urged the judge to lock Graswald away for a much longer term. “My brother did not deserve to have his life end this way,” Laura Rice said, according to the Poughkeepsie Journal. “Our family feels Angelika should be held accountable for the actions she has admitted to … a short, four-year-sentence does not seem just. Serving a portion of that sentence seems even more unjust.”
(2) Graswald, who was initially charged with Viafore’s murder, pleaded guilty to criminally negligent homicide in July. Authorities said she admitted to removing a plug from Viafore’s kayak before they went into the water. She also said that she knew one of his paddles was missing a locking clip, that he wasn’t wearing a life vest or wetsuit, and that their trip along the river was during dangerously low temperatures and rough water. Viafore’s boat capsized, but instead of quickly calling for help, prosecutors said Graswald waited for him to drown. Her alleged plan was to collect his life insurance, of which she was listed as the primary beneficiary. Authorities testified that Graswald admitted to wanting her fiancé dead and that she was unhappy in their relationship. In a statement read by defense attorney Richard Portale, Graswald defended that she is “not a murderer,” that she still loves and misses Viafore, and she would bring him back if she could. “I don’t believe I was treated fairly. This entire process has been entirely one-sided and unjust,” she said.
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/kayak-killer-sentenced-in-fiances-death_us_5a04a91ee4b0937b51107391?section=us_crime
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | defense attorney | защитник; адвокат защиты |
| parole | условно-досрочное освобождение | |
| sentence | приговаривать, выносить приговор | |
| serve | отбывать срок наказания | |
| court hearing | судебное слушание, судебное заседание | |
| sue | подавать в суд, возбуждать дело | |
| wrongful death | смерть в результате противоправных действий | |
| urge | убеждать | |
| be held accountable | нести ответственность | |
| unjust | несправедливый | |
| (2) | negligent homicide | убийство по неосторожности |
| life insurance | страхование жизни | |
| primary beneficiary | основной бенефициар (лицо, обозначенное в полисе страхования жизни как имеющее первичное право на получение страховой суммы по полису в случае смерти застрахованного) | |
| testify | свидетельствовать |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. которая была признана виновной в убийстве (the conjunction “who”) |
| 2. но может быть освобождена уже в следующем месяце (“may”) | |
| 3. который, как заявили прокуроры, утонул в реке | |
| 4. также убеждала судью посадить (the Past Perfect) | |
| 5. следует нести ответственность за действия ... (“should”; the preposition “for”) | |
| (2) | 6. признала себя виновной в убийстве по неосторожности |
| 7. призналась в том, что желает смерти (the Gerund) | |
| 8. вернула бы его, если бы могла (“would”; conditional sentence) | |
| 9. В заявлении, зачитанном адвокатом |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. Why was Angelica Graswald ordered to serve? |
| 2. Why is Viafore’s family furious? | |
| 3. What did Viafore’s mother tell reporters? | |
| 4. Does a four-year sentence seem just to Laura Rice? | |
| (2) | 5. Did Graswald call someone to help Viafore? |
| 6. What was the plan of Angelica Graswald? | |
| 7. What is the opinion of Angelica Craswald about this process? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. be ... ... parol |
| 2. pleaded guilty ... the death | |
| 3. serve 16 months ... four years | |
| 4. having already served two-and-a-half years ... her sentence | |
| 5. Viafore’s family is suing Graswald ... wrongful death | |
| 6. ... court, Viafore’s sister also had urged | |
| 7. should be held accountable ... the actions | |
| (2) | 8. admitted ... removing a plug |
| 9. ... a statement read ... defense attorney |
UNIT 6
Profiling
Task 1
Read the text “Stephen Lawrence profile”
(1) Two men have been convicted of the murder of Stephen Lawrence, the black teenager stabbed to death by a gang of white youths at a London bus stop in 1993. The high-profile case has had a pivotal impact on race relations in Britain, so who was he? Stephen Lawrence was 18 when he died, and 18 years later his name is back in the news with the convictions of Gary Dobson and David Norris. His death in Eltham, south-east London was a tragedy for his family but also became an event which led the nation to reflect on attitudes to race and justice. A public inquiry into the unsolved murder – one of the most high-profile in Britain – accused the Metropolitan Police of “institutional racism” and incompetence. The Macpherson Report’s recommendations in 1999 also triggered a major reform of the justice system in England and Wales.
(2) Film extra
Stephen was born on 13 September 1974 at Greenwich District Hospital in south-east London to Neville and Doreen Lawrence, who had emigrated from Jamaica in the 1960s. He had two younger siblings – Stuart and Georgina – and the family grew up in Plumstead and attended Trinity Methodist Church in Woolwich, where Stephen was christened. Stephen’s character at home and school was shaped by an ethos of tolerance, religious faith and education. His father Neville, now 69, was a carpenter, upholsterer, tailor and plasterer, while Doreen took a university course and became a special needs teacher. As a young child, Stephen was good at most subjects at school, but loved to draw and paint and favoured art and maths. By the age of seven he had resolved to become an architect – a career path he never deviated from. At 16, his interest in design led him to set up a small business with a friend, designing and selling T-shirts, caps and jackets of well-known bands, rappers and politicians such as Malcolm X. He loved music, particularly soul and R&B. As his confidence in himself and others grew, friends say he developed a good and trusting nature. At one time he worked as a film extra alongside actor Denzel Washington in the film For Queen and Country. Stephen also excelled out of the classroom. He was an active member of the Cambridge Harriers Athletic Club and once ran for Greenwich. As a Cub, then Scout, he won badges for everything from cooking to sailing. At the time of his death, aged 18, he was studying A-levels in English, craft, design and technology, and physics at Blackheath Bluecoats Church of England School.
(3) ‘Rebellious streak’
He planned to study architecture at university and after his GCSEs, his family helped him find work experience with architect Arthur Timothy’s practice. Like many teenage boys, Stephen liked going out and girls. He had never been involved in crime, but the Reverend David Cruise – who led the church where the Lawrences worshipped – said it would be wrong to paint him as a saint. Speaking after Stephen’s death, he said: “Stephen was no goody-goody. He had his rebellious streak. Mrs Lawrence asked me to talk sense into him when he hadn’t been behaving well. When I tried he just smiled his cheeky, knowing grin.” Stephen was a normal young man gifted with maturity and charm, he added. “The irony is that the Lawrences behaved exactly how every black family is supposed to behave. They were law-abiding, close, stable, relaxed and upwardly mobile.” Marion Randall, the Lawrences’ neighbour in Plumstead for 13 years, said after his death: “I feel like I have lost one of my own. But though my kids and Stephen’s friends are now grown-up, just who Stephen would have been we will never know.” Stephen’s father was 18 years old when he left his birthplace of Kingston, Jamaica, in 1960. His eldest son Stephen is buried 35 miles (56km) west of the capital in the Caribbean island’s Clarendon Parish. He lies beside his great grandmother.
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-13441122
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | stab | колоть, резать |
| high-profile case | громкое дело, резонансное преступление | |
| pivotal | решающий, основополагающий | |
| attitude | отношение, подход | |
| unsolved | нераскрытый | |
| trigger | вызывать, влечь за собой | |
| (2) | sibling | единокровный брат (сестра) |
| deviate | отклоняться | |
| confidence | уверенность | |
| excel | выделяться, отличаться | |
| (3) | rebellious | бунтарский, непокорный |
| talk sense into | вразумить, образумить | |
| behave | вести себя | |
| law-abiding | законопослушный |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. заколотого бандой белых подростков (Participle II; the preposition “by”) |
| 2. которое побудило нацию задуматься … (the Attributive Clause; the conjunction “which”) | |
| 3. его имя снова появилось в новостях в связи … (“to be back”) | |
| 4. реформу системы правосудия | |
| (2) | 5. формировался под влиянием традиций (the Past Simple Passive) |
| 6. В то время, как крепла его уверенность в себе и других (the preposition “as”) | |
| 7. совместно с актером (the adverb “alongside”) | |
| (3) | 8. Как и большинство подростков (the preposition “like”; the pronoun “many”) |
| 9. Он никогда не был причастен к преступной деятельности (the Past Perfect Passive) | |
| 10. просила меня образумить его | |
| 11. как должна себя вести каждая черная семья (the Nominative with the Infinitive) |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. Where was Stephen Lawrence murdered? |
| 2. What did a public inquiry into this murder accuse the Metropolitan Police of? | |
| (2) | 3. Who were Stephen’s father and mother? |
| 4. What kind of business did Stephen set up? | |
| (3) | 5. Had Stephen Lawrence ever been involved in crime? |
| 6. What did Reverend David Cruise say about Stephen? | |
| 7. Was Stephen’s family law-abiding? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. … a gang … white youths |
| 2. attitudes … race and justice | |
| 3. reform … the justice system | |
| (2) | 4. was shaped … an ethos |
| 5. he never deviated … | |
| 6. confidence … himself and others | |
| 7. worked … a film extra | |
| 8. … the time … his death | |
| (3) | 9. … many teenage boys |
| 10. He had never been involved … crime | |
| 11. gifted … maturity and charm |
UNIT 7
Violation of Privacy
Task 1
Read the text “I Downloaded the Information That Facebook Has on Me. Yikes.”
By Brian X. Chen
(1) When I downloaded a copy of my Facebook data last week, I didn’t expect to see much. My profile is sparse, I rarely post anything on the site, and I seldom click on ads. (I’m what some call a Facebook “lurker.”) But when I opened my file, it was like opening Pandora’s box. With a few clicks, I learned that about 500 advertisers — many that I had never heard of, like Bad Dad, a motorcycle parts store, and Space Jesus, an electronica band — had my contact information, which could include my email address, phone number and full name. Facebook also had my entire phone book, including the number to ring my apartment buzzer. The social network had even kept a permanent record of the roughly 100 people I had deleted from my friends list over the last 14 years, including my exes. There was so much that Facebook knew about me — more than I wanted to know. But after looking at the totality of what the Silicon Valley company had obtained about yours truly, I decided to try to better understand how and why my data was collected and stored. I also sought to find out how much of my data could be removed.
(2) How Facebook collects and treats personal information was central this week when Mark Zuckerberg, the company’s chief executive, answered questions in Congress about data privacy and his responsibilities to users. During his testimony, Mr. Zuckerberg repeatedly said Facebook has a tool for downloading your data that “allows people to see and take out all the information they’ve put into Facebook.” (Those who want to download their own Facebook data can use this link.) But that’s an overstatement. Most basic information, like my birthday, could not be deleted. More important, the pieces of data that I found objectionable, like the record of people I had unfriended, could not be removed from Facebook, either.
(3) “They don’t delete anything, and that’s a general policy,” said Gabriel Weinberg, the founder of DuckDuckGo, which offers internet privacy tools. He added that data was kept around to eventually help brands serve targeted ads. Beth Gautier, a Facebook spokeswoman, put it this way: “When you delete something, we remove it so it’s not visible or accessible on Facebook.” She added: “You can also delete your account whenever you want. It may take up to 90 days to delete all backups of data on our servers.” Digging through your Facebook files is an exercise I highly recommend if you care about how your personal information is stored and used. Here’s what I learned.
(4) Facebook Retains More Data Than We Think
When you download a copy of your Facebook data, you will see a folder containing multiple subfolders and files. The most important one is the “index” file, which is essentially a raw data set of your Facebook account, where you can click through your profile, friends list, timeline and messages, among other features. One surprising part of my index file was a section called Contact Info. This contained the 764 names and phone numbers of everyone in my iPhone’s address book. Upon closer inspection, it turned out that Facebook had stored my entire phone book because I had uploaded it when setting up Facebook’s messaging app, Messenger. This was unsettling. I had hoped Messenger would use my contacts list to find others who were also using the app so that I could connect with them easily — and hold on to the relevant contact information only for the people who were on Messenger. Yet Facebook kept the entire list, including the phone numbers for my car mechanic, my apartment door buzzer and a pizzeria. This felt unnecessary, though Facebook holds on to your phone book partly to keep it synchronized with your contacts list on Messenger and to help find people who newly sign up for the messaging service. I opted to turn off synchronizing and deleted all my phone book entries.
(5) My Facebook data also revealed how little the social network forgets. For instance, in addition to recording the exact date I signed up for Facebook in 2004, there was a record of when I deactivated Facebook in October 2010, only to reactivate it four days later — something I barely remember doing. Facebook also kept a history of each time I opened Facebook over the last two years, including which device and web browser I used. On some days, it even logged my locations, like when I was at a hospital two years ago or when I visited Tokyo last year. Facebook keeps a log of this data as a security measure to flag suspicious logins from unknown devices or locations, similar to how banks send a fraud alert when your credit card number is used in a suspicious location. This practice seemed reasonable, so I didn’t try to purge this information. But what bothered me was the data that I had explicitly deleted but that lingered in plain sight. On my friends list, Facebook had a record of “Removed Friends,” a dossier of the 112 people I had removed along with the date I clicked the “Unfriend” button. Why should Facebook remember the people I’ve cut off from my life? Facebook’s explanation was dissatisfying. The company said it might use my list of deleted friends so that those people did not appear in my feed with the feature “On This Day,” which resurfaces memories from years past to help people reminisce. I’d rather have the option to delete the list of deleted friends for good.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/11/technology/personaltech/i-downloaded-the-information-that-facebook-has-on-me-yikes.html
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | download | скачивать, загружать с сервера |
| sparse | скудный, небольшой по объему | |
| lurker | пассивный наблюдатель | |
| permanent | постоянный, долговременный | |
| delete | удалять | |
| totality | совокупность | |
| obtain | получать | |
| store | хранить, накапливать | |
| (2) | treat | обращаться, обрабатывать |
| overstatement | преувеличение | |
| objectionable | нежелательный | |
| (3) | accessible | доступный |
| backup | резервная копия | |
| dig through | копаться в | |
| (4) | retain | сохранять, аккумулировать |
| folder | папка | |
| data set | набор данных, массив данных | |
| turn out | выясняться, оказываться | |
| upload | закачивать, загружать на сервер | |
| relevant | соответствующий, имеющий отношение | |
| sign up | подписываться, регистрироваться | |
| opt | предпочитать, выбирать | |
| (5) | exact | точный |
| log | регистрировать, вносить в журнал | |
| flag | помечать, отмечать | |
| fraud alert | предупреждение о мошенничестве | |
| purge | избавляться, удалять | |
| explanation | объяснение, разъяснение | |
| feed | лента новостей | |
| reminisce | вспоминать прошлое |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. я редко нажимаю на объявления (the adverb “seldom”) |
| 2. которых я удалил из своего списка друзей (the Past Perfect) | |
| 3. какое количество моих данных можно удалить (“how much”; “could”) | |
| (2) | 4. о конфиденциальности данных и своей ответственности перед пользователями |
| 5. также не могли быть удалены из Facebook (the adverb “either”) | |
| (3) | 6. Вы также можете удалить свою учетную запись, когда захотите (the conjunction “whenever”) |
| 7. все резервные копии данных | |
| (4) | 8. по сути является набором исходных данных |
| 9. среди прочего (the preposition “among”) | |
| 10. После более тщательной проверки (the preposition “upon”) | |
| 11. недавно зарегистрировались в сервисе обмена сообщениями | |
| (5) | 12. помимо записи точной даты моей регистрации (the conjunctive adverb “in addition”) |
| 13. чтобы помечать подозрительные попытки входа (the Infinitive of Purpose) | |
| 14. подобно тому, как банки отправляют предупреждение о мошенничестве (“similar to”) | |
| 15. Я бы лучше предпочел иметь возможность окончательно удалить … (the Bare Infinitive) |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. Is Brian Chen an active user of Facebook? |
| 2. What personal information about Brian did the advertisers have? | |
| (2) | 3. What was Mark Zuckerberg asked about when speaking in Congress? |
| 4. What does Facebook’s tool for downloading allow people to do? | |
| (3) | 5. Why was it necessary for Facebook to keep around all the data? |
| 6. How much time does Facebook need to remove all the data on the servers? | |
| (4) | 7. What is the “index” file? |
| 8. What did Bryan Chen opt to do when he found that Facebook had stored his entire phone book? | |
| (5) | 9. Did Facebook log Brian’s locations? |
| 10. Why was Brian not satisfied with Facebook’s explanation for use of Brians’s list of deleted friends? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. I seldom click … ads |
| 2. I had deleted … my friends list | |
| 3. But … looking … the totality | |
| (2) | 4. his responsibilities … users |
| 5. has a tool … downloading | |
| 6. the pieces … data | |
| (3) | 7. to delete all backups … data … our servers |
| (4) | 8. where you can click … your profile |
| 9. … closer inspection | |
| 10. I could connect … them easily | |
| 11. holds on … your phone book | |
| 12. sign up … the messaging service | |
| (5) | 13. I opened Facebook … the last two years |
| 14. Facebook keeps a log … this data … a security measure | |
| 15. did not appear … my feed … the feature “On This Day” |
UNIT 8
Social Networks… Insecure
Task 1
Read the text “The Ad Industry Has Eyes Everywhere”
By Brian X. Chen
(1) What Facebook retained about me isn’t remotely as creepy as the sheer number of advertisers that have my information in their databases. I found this out when I clicked on the Ads section in my Facebook file, which loaded a history of the dozen ads I had clicked on while browsing the social network. Lower down, there was a section titled “Advertisers with your contact info,” followed by a list of roughly 500 brands, the overwhelming majority of which I had never interacted with. Some brands sounded obscure and sketchy — one was called “Microphone Check,” which turned out to be a radio show. Other brands were more familiar, like Victoria’s Secret Pink, Good Eggs or AARP. Facebook said unfamiliar advertisers might appear on the list because they might have obtained my contact information from elsewhere, compiled it into a list of people they wanted to target and uploaded that list into Facebook. Brands can upload their customer lists into a tool called Custom Audiences, which helps them find those same people’s Facebook profiles to serve them ads.
(2) Brands can obtain your information in many different ways. Those include:
■ Buying information from a data provider like Acxiom, which has amassed one of the world’s largest commercial databases on consumers. Brands can buy different types of customer data sets from a provider, like contact information for people who belong to a certain demographic, and take that information to Facebook to serve targeted ads, said Michael Priem, chief executive of Modern Impact, an advertising firm in Minneapolis. Last month, Facebook announced that it was limiting its practice of allowing advertisers to target ads using information from third-party data brokers like Acxiom.
■ Using tracking technologies like web cookies and invisible pixels that load in your web browser to collect information about your browsing activities. There are many different trackers on the web, and Facebook offers 10 different trackers to help brands harvest your information, according to Ghostery, which offers privacy tools that block ads and trackers. The advertisers can take some pieces of data that they have collected with trackers and upload them into the Custom Audiences tool to serve ads to you on Facebook.
■ Getting your information in simpler ways, too. Someone you shared information with could share it with another entity. Your credit card loyalty program, for example, could share your information with a hotel chain, and that hotel chain could serve you ads on Facebook.
(3) The upshot? Even a Facebook lurker, like myself, who has barely clicked on any digital ads can have personal information exposed to an enormous number of advertisers. This was not entirely surprising, but seeing the list of unfamiliar brands with my contact information in my Facebook file was a dose of reality. I tried to contact some of these advertisers, like Very Important Puppets, a toymaker, to ask them about what they did with my data. They did not respond.
(4) What About Google?
Let’s be clear: Facebook is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to what information tech companies have collected on me. Knowing this, I also downloaded copies of my Google data with a tool called Google Takeout. The data sets were exponentially larger than my Facebook data. For my personal email account alone, Google’s archive of my data measured eight gigabytes, enough to hold about 2,000 hours of music. By comparison, my Facebook data was about 650 megabytes, the equivalent of about 160 hours of music.
(5) Here was the biggest surprise in what Google collected on me: In a folder labeled Ads, Google kept a history of many news articles I had read, like a Newsweek story about Apple employees walking into glass walls and a New York Times story about the editor of our Modern Love column. I didn’t click on ads for either of these stories, but the search giant logged them because the sites had loaded ads served by Google. In another folder, labeled Android, Google had a record of apps I had opened on an Android phone since 2015, along with the date and time. This felt like an extraordinary level of detail. Google did not immediately respond to a request for comment. On a brighter note, I downloaded an archive of my LinkedIn data. The data set was less than half a megabyte and contained exactly what I had expected: spreadsheets of my LinkedIn contacts and information I had added to my profile. Yet that offered little solace. Be warned: Once you see the vast amount of data that has been collected about you, you won’t be able to unsee it.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/11/technology/personaltech/i-downloaded-the-information-that-facebook-has-on-me-yikes.html
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | remotely | далеко |
| database | база данных | |
| overwhelming | подавляющий, огромный | |
| obscure | непонятный, неясный | |
| familiar | знакомый, привычный | |
| compile | включать в, приобщать | |
| customer | клиент, покупатель | |
| (2) | data provider | поставщик данных |
| amass | собирать, накапливать | |
| limit | ограничивать | |
| third-party | сторонний | |
| invisible | невидимый | |
| harvest | собирать | |
| entity | субъект | |
| (3) | upshot | вывод, итог |
| enormous | громадный, огромный | |
| (4) | tip | верхушка |
| exponentially | многократно | |
| (5) | label | помечать, обозначать |
| immediately | сразу, тотчас же | |
| spreadsheet | сводная таблица | |
| solace | успокоение, утешение | |
| amount | количество, объем | |
| unsee | забывать, стирать из памяти |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. далеко не так страшно, как … (“as…as…”) |
| 2. с подавляющим большинством из которых | |
| 3. потому что они могли получить мою контактную информацию из других источников (“might”; the adverb “elsewhere”) | |
| (2) | 4. собрал одну из самых больших в мире (the Present Perfect) |
| 5. для показа целевых объявлений | |
| 6. Некто, с кем вы делились информацией, мог поделиться ей же с другим субъектом (the pronoun “someone”; “could”) | |
| (3) | 7. Даже пассивный наблюдатель за событиями в Facebook, вроде меня, … (the adverb “even”; the preposition “like”) |
| (4) | 8. Зная это, я также загрузил копию своих данных … (Participle I) |
| 9. Для сравнения, емкость моих данных … (the preposition “by”) | |
| (5) | 10. запись приложений, которые я открывал (the Past Perfect) |
| 11. не сразу ответил на запрос (the adverb “immediately”) | |
| 12. как только вы увидите огромный объем данных (the adverb “once”) |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. What did Brian Chen find out after clicking on the Ads section in his Facebook file? |
| 2. Why might unfamiliar advertisers appear on the list of brands? | |
| (2) | 3. What is Acxiom? |
| 4. What kind of tracking technologies helps brands to obtain your information? | |
| (3) | 5. Did any of the advertisers respond to Brian when he tried to contact them? |
| (4) | 6. Was Brian’s Facebook data larger than his Google data? |
| (5) | 7. Why did Google log the articles Brian had read? |
| 8. What did the archive of Brian’s LinkedIn data contain? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. What Facebook retained … me |
| 2. I had clicked … while browsing the social network | |
| 3. have obtained my contact information … elsewhere | |
| 4. uploaded that list … Facebook | |
| (2) | 5. who belong … a certain demographic |
| 6. using information … third-party data brokers … Acxiom | |
| (3) | 7. exposed to … enormous number of advertisers |
| (4) | 8. what information tech companies have collected … me |
| 9. … my personal email account alone | |
| (5) | 10. had loaded ads served … Google |
| 11. respond … a request … comment | |
| 12. the vast amount … data |
UNIT 9
Protecting Privacy
Task 1
Read the text “Protecting Privacy Inside and Outside the House”
(1) The incognito and private browsing modes built into most modern browsers shield your online activity at home — but maybe not to the rest of the world.
Q. If I browse in incognito mode, can anyone still track my movements around the web?
A. Incognito mode — also known as InPrivate or Private Browsing mode, depending on the browser — does offer some protection, but is mostly designed to shield your web travels from other people using the same computer. When you have the privacy setting enabled, the browser typically does not save cookies, searches, temporary files or a list of the pages you visited during your session for others to discover.
(2) However, as most browsers themselves warn, the incognito or private mode does not make you fully anonymous online. The websites you viewed may have a record of your visit, and your internet service provider, office network administrator or your school might be able to see your activity. Malicious software can also record your web activity and keystrokes regardless of your privacy settings. The Apple Safari, Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge (or Internet Explorer) browsers all include incognito or private modes for their desktop and mobile editions that you can enable in the program settings. Mozilla Firefox Quantum has a private browsing mode as well as a Tracking Protection tool that more aggressively blocks some sites known to stalk visitors.
(3) With last year’s repeal of regulations that would have prohibited internet service providers from collecting and selling the browsing-activity data of their customers without permission (not to mention recent concerns regarding the lack of privacy), some people may be in less of a sharing mood when it comes to their personal lives. If you find yourself wanting more discretion as you go about life online, you can step up your defenses. For example, search engines like DuckDuckGo and StartPage do not collect and share information from your web queries with advertisers. Virtual private networks can encrypt your web traffic, hide your location and help protect you on unsecured public wireless networks. Browser add-ons like Disconnect and Privacy Badger can help shield you from companies that try to track you around the web. And you can even find alternate browsers — including Brave and Tor — that offer built-in protections from trackers and sites that want to collect information about you. Keep in mind that some websites use advertising and tracking as a means to financially sustain themselves and support the content they provide. In some cases, you may find yourself blocked from viewing a site if it senses you are using an ad blocker.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/19/technology/personaltech/browser-privacy-mode.html?&moduleDetail=section-news-1&action=click&contentCollection=Personal%20Tech®ion=Footer&module=MoreInSection&version=WhatsNext&contentID=WhatsNext&pgtype=article
Vocabulary notes
| (1) | mode | режим |
| shield | защищать | |
| track | следить, отслеживать | |
| protection | защищенность, обеспечение безопасности | |
| privacy | конфиденциальность, приватность | |
| enable | включать, активировать | |
| temporary | временный | |
| (2) | warn | предупреждать, оповещать |
| malicious software | вредоносная программа | |
| edition | версия | |
| tool | инструмент, средство | |
| (3) | repeal | отмена, аннулирование |
| regulations | правила, предписания | |
| collecting | сбор | |
| permission | разрешение, дозволение | |
| discretion | свобода действий, осторожность, усмотрение | |
| step up | активизировать, усиливать | |
| search engine | поисковая система, поисковик | |
| encrypt | шифровать | |
| unsecured | незащищенный | |
| built-in | встроенный | |
| advertising | реклама | |
| sustain | поддерживать | |
| ad blocker | программа для блокировки рекламы |
Task 2
Read the text again and find equivalents of the following Russian word combinations and sentences; note the use of the grammatical forms in brackets:
| (1) | 1. но, возможно, не для всего остального мира (the adverb “maybe”) |
| 2. следить за моей активностью в Интернете (the preposition “around”) | |
| 3. также известный как | |
| (2) | 4. могут посмотреть вашу историю активности (“might”; “to be able to”) |
| 5. невзирая на ваши настройки конфиденциальности (the preposition “regardless of”) | |
| 6. которые можно активировать в настройках программы (“can”; the conjunction “that”) | |
| (3) | 7. С учетом отмены в прошлом году правил |
| 8. встроенную защиту от программ слежения (the preposition “from”) | |
| 7. что вы используете программу для блокировки рекламы (the Present Continuous) |
Task 3
Discuss the following questions:
| (1) | 1. What is incognito mode used for? |
| 2. Does the browser save cookies and temporary files when the privacy setting is enabled? | |
| (2) | 3. Can the private mode make you fully anonymous online? |
| 4. What are the capabilities of malicious software? | |
| (3) | 5. Which search engines can be used if you don’t want your information to be collected? |
| 6. Why do some websites use advertising and tracking? |
Task 4
Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
| (1) | 1. modes built … most modern browsers |
| 2. my movements … the web | |
| 3. to shield your web travels … other people | |
| (2) | 4. a record … your visit |
| 5. you can enable … the program settings | |
| (3) | 6. the browsing-activity data … their customers … permission |
| 7. you can step … your defenses | |
| 8. help protect you … unsecured public wireless networks | |
| 9. to collect information … you |
UNIT 10
Дата: 2019-03-05, просмотров: 181.