1. Do you know any Kazakh philologists, writers?

2. What do you know about them?

3. Do you know any books by Abay Qunanbayuli or Ybyrai Altynsarin?

. Kazakh writers and their contribution to the development of national heritage of philology

The modern Kazakh literature began to develop in the beginning of the XX century. During this period modern Kazakh language was gradually forming; new stylistic forms appeared. Kazakh writers began to master new genres.

Abay (Ibrahim) Qunanbayuli (August10, 1845 - July 6, 1904) was a great Kazakh poet, philologist, composer and philosopher. He was also a cultural reformer toward European and Russian cultures on the basis of enlightened Islam. Abay was born on what is today the city of Karaul, in Abay District, East Kazakhstan Province; the son of Qunanbay and Uljan, Qunanbay's second wife, they named him Ibrahim, but because of his brightness, he soon was given the nickname "Abay" (meaning "careful"), a name that stuck for the rest of his life. His father's economic status enabled the boy to attend a Russian school in his youth, but only after he had already spent some years studying at a madrasah under Mullah Ahmet Ryza. At his school in Semipalatinsk, Abay encountered the writings of Mikhail Lermontov and Alexander Pushkin. The heritage he left his nation is rich in songs and poems, translations and prose. His translations of the poetry written by Russian writers and poets such as Pushkin, Lermontov, and Krylov became the national patrimony of Kazakhstan. He translated the works of Schiller, Goethe, and Byron into Kazakh language. Abay’s main       contribution to    Kazakh      culture and folklore      lies in his  poetry, which expresses great nationalism and grew out of Kazakh     folk culture. Before him most Kazakh poetry       was oral, echoing the nomadic habits of   he people of the Kazakh steppes. During Abay's lifetime, however, a number of important socio-political and socio-economic changes occurred. Russian influence continued to grow in Kazakhstan, resulting in greater educational possibilities as well as exposure to a number of different philosophies, whether Russian, Western or Asian. Abay Qunanbayuli steeped himself in the cultural and philosophical history of these newly-opened geographies. In this sense, Abay's creative poetry affected the philosophical thinking of educated Kazakhs. The leaders of the Alash Orda movement saw him as their inspiration and spiritual predecessor. Contemporary Kazakh images of Abay generally depict him in full traditional dress holding a dombra (the Kazakh national instrument). Today, Kazakhs revere Abay as one of the first folk heroes to enter into the national consciousness of his people. Almaty State University is named after Abay, so is one of the main avenues in the city of Almaty. There are also public schools with his name. The Kazakh city of Abay is named after him.

Among Abay's students was his nephew, a historian, philosopher, and poet Shakarim Qudayberdiuli (1858–1931). A film on the life of Abay was made Statues of him have been erected in many cities of Kazakhstan, as well as in Moscow by Kazakhfilm in 1995, titled Abai. He is also the subject of two novels by Mukhtar Auezov,another Kazakhstan writer.

Ybyrai (Ibrahim) Altynsarin – Major figure in Kazakh philology. Ybyrai (Ibrahim) Altynsarin (Kazakh: ЫбырайАлтынсарин; Russian: ИбрайАлтынсарин) (1841 – 1889) was a major figure in pre-Soviet Kazakh history. He was the most prominent Kazakh educator of the late 19th century, during the period of Russian colonization of and cultural influence in Kazakhstan. Altynsarin was born in the Araqaraghai region of Torghai oblast (now Kostanay Province), and in his early career was an inspector of Torghai schools. He is best known for introducing a Cyrillic alphabet for the Kazakh language, and was a proponent of teaching in the Western style. However, he opposed the teaching of Orthodox Christian doctrines to non-Russian Kazakhs, but at the same time urged resistance to Tatar language and culture, in favor of Russian and Western influences. As an educator, he opened numerous Kazakh-Russian boarding schools, technical schools and schools for girls. Altynsarin is also credited with authoring the first Kazakh grammar book, the first Kazakh-Russian newspaper, and with translation of a large number of textbooks and reference works. He was honored by the Imperial Russian government with numerous awards, including the title statski sovetnik (State Councillor). A number of Kazakh institutions, including the Kazakh Academy of Education, Arkalyk State Pedagogical Institute and some streets, schools, and academic awards, are named after Altynsarin. There is an Altynsarin museum in Kostanay. Literary works: "Syn bogacha i syn bednyaka" (Son of a Rich and the Son of the Poor), "Kishlak Seitkul", "Yurta i derevyannyi dom" (Yurt and the Wooden House), "Ignorance", "Harm of Lie".

I) Say if these sentences are True or False:

1. The beginning of the XX century is the time when the modern Kazakh literature began to develop.

2. . Abay was born on in the West Kazakhstan.

3. Among Abay's students was his nephew, a historian, philosopher, and poet Shakarim Qudayberdiuli.

4. Ybyrai Altynsarin was the most prominent Kazakh educator of the late 19th century, during the period of Russian colonization of and cultural influence in Kazakhstan.

5. Ybyrai Altynsarin was honored by the Imperial Russian government with numerous awards, including the title statski sovetnik (State Councillor).

6. "Harm of Lie" is one of Abay’s literary works.

7. There are many Altynsarin museums in Kostanay.

8. Abay Qunanbayuli was born on 10^th August, 1846.

9.  The Kazakh city of Abay is named after Abay Qunanbayuli.

10. Abay Qunanbayuli is the subject of Mukhtar Auezov’s novels.

II) Answer the questions below in full sentences:

1. When did the modern Kazakh literature begin to develop?

2. Who was Abay Qunanbayuli?

3. Where and when was he born?

4. Why was he given the nickname “Abay”?

5. What school did he attend in his youth?

6. Who was Shakarim Qudayberdiuli to Abay?

7. Who is Ybyrai Altynsarin?

8. What did he do for the Kazakh philology development?

9. How was he honored for his work?

10. What buildings were named after Ybyrai ALtynsarin and Abay?

III) a)  Fill in the blank with the following words:

( rich, expresses, born, nickname, was, movement, enter, economic changes)

1. Abay was … on what is today the city of Karaul, in Abay District, East Kazakhstan Province.

2. His parents named him Ibrahim, but because of his brightness, he soon was given the … "Abay" (meaning "careful").

3. The heritage he left his nation is … in songs and poems, translations and prose.

4. Abay's main contribution to Kazakh culture and folklore lies in his poetry, which … great nationalism and grew out of Kazakh folk culture.

5. During Abay's lifetime, however, a number of important socio-political and socio-economic changes occurred.

6. The leaders of the Alash Orda … saw him as their inspiration and spiritual predecessor.

7. Kazakhs revere Abay as one of the first folk heroes to … into the national consciousness of his people.

b) Match the two parts of the sentences: