Материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления пользователям Интернета и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав.
© 2018 - 2024
Many bank customers prefer having deposit accounts for which they get a higher interest as compared with current accounts. The main difference between the two types of accounts is that in the case of the deposit account the holder can withdraw cash only at a certain notice.
In the United Kingdom the Banking Act 1987 specifies the protection of depositors. 75% of their deposits is protected if the bank should get into difficulties. The maximum protected sterling deposit is 20,000 Pounds Sterling. This means that the maximum amount depositors can get back from a bank is 15,000 Pounds Sterling. Foreign currency deposits are excluded.
There are a few types of savings accounts in the practice of English banks. They are instant savings accounts, regular savings accounts, tax exempt special savings accounts and others.
Instant savings accounts provide instant access but no cheque book. As to ATM cards they are often available on this type of account.
Regular savings accounts require the customer to de posit a fixed or minimum sum regularly. In return, the interest rate is higher than with instant savings accounts. Only one or two withdrawals a year are permitted in the case of a regular savings account. But not all banks offer this product.
Every Englishman over 18 can have a tax exempt special savings account (TESSA) and only one. Interest on the account is free of income tax. The account must stay open for five years. The maximum sum in a TESSA is 9,000 Pounds Sterling which can be accumulated by regular savings of up to 150 Pounds Sterling a month for five years or by investing a lump sum at the begining of each year. The maximum lump sum is 3,000 Pounds Sterling at the beginning of the first year, 1,800 Pounds Sterling for each of the next three years and a final 600 Pounds Sterling at the start of the last year. Withdrawals of interest are permitted, but these are subject to deduction of income tax at the basic rate. Withdrawals of capital may result in the complete loss of the. tax exemption. Each bank quotes the interest paid on its TESSA and states if it is to be credited monthly, quarterly or annually. Customers can transfer their TESSA to whichever bank is paying the most at tractive interest rate.
Personal loans
In England personal loans were introduced in 1958 by the Midland Bank and are now sold by all retail banks. There is a minimum amount for the loan, usually 500 Pounds Sterling, although at present Barclays still has 300 Pounds Sterling as its minimum personal loan. Borrowers wanting less are referred to the bank's creditcard operation where most cardholders have limits of at least 500 Pounds Sterling.
The maximum amount of a personal loan is, by convention, 10,000 Pounds Sterling at present.
Personal loans can be granted for a wide range of purposes, such as a car double glazing, a new kitchen, a small boat and even a holiday.
There are a number of important features of personal loans. They are:
1. No security is taken.
2. The loans are granted at a fixed rate of interest, which is calculated on the original amount of the loan.
3. They require equal monthly repayments which help the family budget.
4. They mean free life assurance. If the borrower dies, the loan is cancelled. Thus they are not usually granted to people over 65 years old.
Besides banks grant other types of loans to personal customers, such as:
1. Term loans, which can be used to buy an item, for example a boat. They require a certain security, e.g., a life policy or stocks and shares.
2. Home improvement loans, which would be for construction work, such as a two-story extension. And a certain security is required too.
3. Home loans or mortgages, which enable owners to buy the house in which they live.
4. Educational loans, to pay the fees for private education of the customers' children each term.
В). 1. Человек, сидящий рядом со мной в самолете, очень нервничал. Он прежде не летал.
2. Я отказываюсь слушать тебя.
3. Когда ты узнаешь твои экзаменационные результаты?
4. Цены повысились.
5. С его собакой гуляли?
6. Они сдали все свои экзамены, перед тем как поехать в лагерь.
7. Он ходил в техникум каждый день.
8. Когда я вошла, маленькая Мэри ела мороженое.
9. Воздух в городах становится более и более загрязненным.
10. Когда я доберусь до Лондона, возможно будет идти дождь.
ВАРИАНТ 8
A)
EATING OUT
Although the English do not eat out as much as other Europeans do, there are many kinds of restaurants in England. Some of them are traditional restaurants where a waiter serves customers, and others are self-service restaurants.
There are small restaurants and cafés which are very popular and crowded, especially during the lunch-hour, but it is getting more and more expensive to have meals there.
At self-service cafeterias a customer serves himself, and he can get a meal more quickly and less expensively there than in other types of restaurants. But the most popular place "for a drink and a chat" has been and still is the famous English pub with its cosy and friendly atmosphere. People go to pubs not only for some beer or whisky, but to meet their friends and they often spend the whole evening there till closing time.
AT THE RESTAURANT
Once after the talks Mr. Stanley invited Borisov to have dinner at the restaurant in the West End.
They came into the restaurant, took their seats at a table near the window and ordered cocktails.
Borisov: Mr. Stanley, I've been staying in London only for a couple of weeks and I don't know much about English meals.
Stanley: Well, if you like, I can give you a general idea about that. At breakfast we usually have bacon and eggs or sausages and, of course, a cup of tea. The English lunch consists of two courses: a meat or a fish course with vegetables and dessert. At 5 o'clock in the afternoon we have tea, often with a cake. Some people have their last meal which is rather big at 7 or 8 in the evening and call it dinner, while others have a small, late evening meal which they call supper.
Borisov: Thank you, Mr.Stanley, that was rather interesting.
Stanley Let's study the menu now and see what's on it tonight.
Waiter: Good evening, gentlemen. Are you ready to order now?
Borisov: I'm afraid I don't understand the names of all dishes on the menu, Mr. Stanley. Could you help me and recommend what to take?
Stanley With pleasure. H-m-m, would you like mushroom soup?
Borisov: No, thank you. I seldom eat soup in the evening.
Stanley: Then you can order roast-beef with fried potatoes. It's a traditional
English dish and it's usually delicious.
Borisov: Fine.
Waiter: How about you, sir?
Stanley: Well, I'm pretty hungry. I'll start with chicken soup, then I'd like a steak with green salad, and bring us a bottle of red wine, please.
Waiter: Would you like to order dessert now? There is a choice of fruit or ice cream.
Borisov: I prefer fruit.
Stanley: So do I. What about some cheese?
Borisov: No cheese for me, thank you.
Stanley: I think I'll have some. And we'll finish with black coffee, if you don't mind.
Borisov: That sounds nice.
Stanley Thank you, gentlemen. I hope you'll enjoy yourselves.
Dollars
The Dollar is the standard unit of the currency in the United States of America, issued by the Federal Re serve System, or by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing for the Federal Reserve System.
The Federal Reserve System, established by Congress in 1913, is the central banking system of the USA. The country is divided into twelve Federal Reserve Districts and each District has its own Federal Reserve Bank. The activities of Federal Reserve Banks are coordinated through the Federal Reserve Board in Washington, D.C. The issues are authorized by the Secretaries of the Treasury of the Federal Reserve Districts.
The currency, or Dollars, is then shipped to the twelve Federal Reserve Banks and their twenty five branches.
By the way, until 1935 each Federal Reserve Bank issued its own banknotes.
If you have a look at the dollar you can tell which Federal Reserve Bank authorized it. The black Federal Reserve seal will say it. The name of the Bank is printed within the seal's border. The District's letter is in the center of the seal and it also begins the two serial numbers in the upper right and lower left. The District's number appears at four places - on each side, placed above and below the center.
The twelve Federal Reserve Banks with their corresponding numbers and letters are listed below:
| 1 - | A Boston | 7 - G | G | Chicago |
| 2 - | B New York | 8 - M | St. Louis | |
| 3 - | C Philadelphia | 9 - | I | Minneapolis |
| 4 - | D Cleveland | 10 - | J | Kansas City |
| 5 - | E Richmond | 11 - | К | Dallas |
| 6 - | F Atlanta | 12 - | L | San Francisco |
The dollars are quite strong and durable but when they are worn out with handling or damage the Federal Reserve System takes them out of circulation and destroys them.
Life expectancy varies with the denomination:
· nine years is the anticipated circulation for 100s and 50s
· four years for 20s
· two years for 5s
· one-and-a-half years for Is.
The US Dollars is the most counterfeited currency in the world. Along with the paper used for making currency, the design incorporates numerous security features to deter counterfeiters. The border, the portrait, the red and blue fibers, embedded in the paper, the placement of seals and serial numbers, the intaglio printing and many others are security features which are aimed at discouraging counterfeiting.
But now, advancements in colour copier, laser scanner and digital printing equipment require another step to protect the currency. The US Secret Service is doing its best to root out large-scale, professional counterfeiters. New security features are constantly developed to de fend the currency.
Discounts, time of delivery
J: We are interested in the imports of 500 units of transistor radios, Model 208, as shown on page 31 of the catalogue. Could you supply us with the goods?
T: Yes, we could, no doubt.
J: Good, but I have to tell you your price is too high in comparison with the prices quoted by other sellers. Can you reduce the price? We've got competitive offers at lower prices.
T: I'm afraid, I can't. It depends on the quantity you are going to order. Could you increase the order?
J: Yes. I could. If we increase the order to 1,000 units will you give us a 10 percent discount?
T: Oh, yes, we will.
J: What is the time of delivery of the goods?
T: We can deliver the goods within 3 months.
J: That's a rather long period. Could you ship them earlier?
T: Yes, we could expedite the delivery a little bit. If we ship the goods by the end of March will it suits you.
J: Yes, of course. Thank you.
T: Then let's meet tomorrow and discuss a few other problems, if you don't mind.
J: Yes, fine.
Дата: 2019-02-25, просмотров: 236.