28. Read the text “Some types of Research”. Answer the questions that follow.

 Some type of research

 Descriptive research includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present. The methods of research utilised in descriptive research are survey methods of all kinds, including comparative and correlational methods. In analytical research, on the other hand, the researcher has to use facts or information already available, and analyse these to make a critical evaluation of the material. Research can either be applied research or fundamental (basic or pure) research. Applied research aims at fi nding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business organisation, whereas fundamental research is mainly concerned with generalisations and with the formulation of a theory. Gathering knowledge for the sake of knowledge is termed pure or basic research. Research concerning some natural phenomenon or relating to pure mathematics are examples of fundamental research. Similarly research studies, concerning human behaviour carried on with a view to make generalisations about human

behaviour, are also examples of fundamental research, but research aimed at certain conclusions (say a solution) facing a concrete social or business problem is an example of applied research.

 Research to identify social, economic or political trends that may affect a particular institution or the marketing research or evaluation research are examples of applied research. Thus, the central aim of applied research is to discover a solution for some pressing practical problem, whereas basic research is directed towards finding information that has a broad base of applications and thus, adds to the already existing organised body of scientific knowledge.

1. What is the difference between descriptive research and analytical research? 2. How does applied research differ from fundamental research? 3. What methods are used in the above types of research? 4. What are the examples of the above types of research? 5. What is pure research characterised by?

 29. As you read, make notes under the following headings.

1. Descriptive research.

2. Analytical research.

3. Applied research.

4. Fundamental research.

30. Check your answers with your groupmates. Look up the words you do not know in the dictionary, and learn them.

31. Retell the text about different types of research.

32. Tell your groupmates about the types of research and their methods used in your thesis.

Section 7. WRITING

Studying abroad gives students the chance to live overseas, integrate themselves into a totally foreign culture, meet other students, and travel. If you have decided on the country and programme, it is time to apply. This will usually involve your writing letters.

33. Read and translate the letters regarding study abroad.

a) A letter requesting a lea fl et of the programme.

Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University Department of Architecture 46, Kostyukov street 308012 Belgorod Russia

12th May, 2011

The Admission Office University of Bath Department of Architecture Bath, BA2 7AY UK

Dear Sir/Madam

I am currently studying at Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University, Russia (Department of Architecture). I would like to apply for the PhD programme at your university.

Please send me a description of your PhD programme in Architecture. I would also like to have all the necessary application forms and any additional information necessary to arrange my stay.

Thank you in advance for your kind assistance.

Sincerely,

Boris Klimov

b) A letter requesting a supervisor.

Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University Department of Architecture 46, Kostyukov street 308012 Belgorod Russia

20th June, 2011

University of Bath Department of Architecture Bath, BA2 7AY UK

Dear Dr. David Craig

I am Boris Klimov. I am from Russia. I have recently graduated from the Department of Architecture (M. Arch programme) of Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University (Belgorod, Russia). Soon I am planning to apply for University of Bath in order to perform PhD research there.

 As my intention is to perform research in the fi eld of Landscape Architecture and I am familiar with some of your books I would like to ask you to become my future supervisor. You can find my CV in the attachment of this letter. I hope it will help you to make a decision.

 Please let me know your opinion. I really hope that your answer will be positive.

 I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest opportunity.

Sincerely,

Boris Klimov Encl.: CV

c) A letter requesting fi nancial assistance.

Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University Department of Architecture 46, Kostyukov street 308012 Belgorod Russia

22nd August, 2011

The Admission Office University of Bath Department of Architecture Bath, BA2 7AY UK

Dear Sir/Madam

I have recently applied for the PhD programme in the Department of Architecture of University of Bath. I am from Russia and would like to be considered for fi nancial assistance to cover my costs at your university. Please send complete information about funding openings for students from Russia, Central Europe or the former Soviet Union or any other categories for which I may be eligible.

Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from you.

Sincerely,

Boris Klimov

34. Use the Internet to fi nd the information regarding PhD programmes abroad. Choose one and write similar letters. Present them to the class.

Список использованной литературы:

1) Гарагуля С.И. Английский язык для аспирантов и соискателей ученой степени. – М.: Гуманитар. изд. центр ВЛАДОС, 2015. – 327 с. – (Учебник для вузов).

2) Гальчук Л.М. Speaking Activities on Academic English for Master’s Degree and Postgraduate Studies – Английский язык в научной среде: практикум устной речи: учеб. пособие / Л.М. Гальчук. – 2-е изд. – М.: Вузовский учебник: ИНФРА-М, 2017. – 80с.

3) Ращупкина К.С. Academic English. Учебно-методическое пособие по развитию коммуникативной компетенции магистров, аспирантов и соискателей по дисциплине «английский язык». Тверь, ТвГУ, 2017. – 190с.